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Exploring Child Welfare : A Practice Perspective

ISBN: 9780205319534 | 020531953X
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 8/1/2000

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SummaryTable of Contents
The new edition of Exploring Child Welfare reflects the author's strong practice perspective and incorporates new developments in welfare reform and child welfare services. The text provides a practical and thorough introduction to child welfare and welfare services. The author's strength is her ability to connect the underlying theories and systems of child welfare with real-life practice experience, stemming from over thirty years' experience in working with children and families. This edition was revised in response to feedback from both students and instructors, and includes a new focus on attachment theory and its utilization in child welfare services. The chapter on child abuse and neglect is presented earlier in the text, since it is often the basis of the need for children's services. Material in all chapters has been revised and updated to reflect recent thought and research in the field.
Prefacexiii
Children: Our Most Important Resource
1(21)
A Brief History of Child Welfare
2(14)
... MORE
Abortion, Infanticide, and Abandonment
3(1)
Child Labor and Education
4(2)
Responsibility for Children
6(2)
Advocacy in the Provision of Services for Children
8(3)
The Current Picture of Child Welfare Services
11(3)
Impact of Current Child Welfare Practices on Children
14(1)
Services in the Twenty-First Century and Beyond
15(1)
Providing Services for Children Today
16(2)
Summary
18(1)
Exploration Questions
19(1)
References
20(2)
The Changing Family
22(40)
The Responsibilities and Rights of the Family
23(1)
The Setting for Today's Family
24(1)
Profile of Today's Family
24(5)
Family Roles and Rules
25(1)
Communication Patterns
26(1)
Observation of the Family as a System
27(2)
Types of Families
29(3)
The Emotional Climate of Families
32(1)
The Impact of Culture on Families
32(16)
Families with Anglo-European Roots
35(2)
Families with Native American Roots
37(3)
Families with African American Roots
40(2)
Families with Hispanic Roots
42(2)
Families with Asian Roots
44(2)
Families with Middle Eastern Roots
46(2)
The Family Life Cycle
48(3)
Stresses on Families
51(3)
Parental/Family Dysfunction
51(1)
Role Definition and Inequality
52(1)
Parent--Child Relations
52(1)
Disability
53(1)
When Families Need Help
54(1)
Trends
55(3)
Economic Stressors
55(1)
The Optional Status of Marriage
56(1)
The Vanishing Father
56(1)
Blended Families
56(1)
Resolution of Childhood Conflicts
57(1)
Changes in Family Control
57(1)
Summary
58(1)
Exploration Questions
58(1)
References
59(3)
Childhood Poverty in the United States
62(24)
Dee Whyte
Childhood Poverty: The Facts
63(3)
Poverty Defined
66(2)
Why Child Poverty Is Expanding
68(2)
The Human Consequences of Growing Up in Poverty
70(7)
Increased Life Stressors
72(1)
Poor Health Outcomes
73(1)
Hunger and Malnutrition
73(1)
Anemia
73(1)
Lead Poisoning
74(1)
No Health Insurance
74(1)
Poor Health Care
74(1)
Lower Educational Outcomes
75(1)
Inadequate Housing
75(1)
Inadequate Schools
75(1)
Unsafe, Isolated Neighborhoods
75(1)
Increased Violence
76(1)
Increased Child Abuse and Neglect
76(1)
Negative Impact on Early Brain Development
77(1)
Recent Efforts to Fight Poverty
77(2)
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
78(1)
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
78(1)
Child Tax Credit
78(1)
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
79(1)
Minimum Wage Increase
79(1)
Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
79(1)
The Economics of Poverty
79(1)
Reducing Child Poverty
80(3)
Attitudinal Changes
80(1)
Complex Combination of Two-Generational Strategies
81(2)
An Important Footnote
83(1)
Summary
83(1)
Exploration Questions
84(1)
References
84(2)
Violence, Addiction, and Homelessness: Current Societal Problems and Their Impact on Children
86(36)
Children and Violence
87(9)
War in the Streets
88(4)
Violence in Relationships
92(1)
The School as a War Zone
93(1)
The Home as a War Zone
94(2)
Children and Substance Abuse
96(12)
Addicted Parents
97(6)
Addicted Children and Adolescents
103(4)
Effects and Treatment of Adolescent Drug Abuse
107(1)
Homeless Families
108(6)
The Causes of Homelessness
109(1)
Homeless Families and Children
109(4)
The Effect of Homelessness on Children
113(1)
Homeless and Runaway Youths
114(3)
Changing View of Homeless and Runaway Youths
115(1)
Problems and Solutions for the Runaway Homeless Youth
116(1)
Summary
117(1)
Exploration Questions
118(1)
References
118(4)
Serving the Developing Child: Day-Care and School-Based Services
122(34)
Mary Ann Hanley
Elaine Francis
Matthew Porter
Day Care: Serving Infants and Pre-School Children
123(8)
Introduction
123(1)
Family Needs
123(1)
A Brief History of Day Care Provision
124(1)
Examining the Goals of Day Care Provision
124(3)
Types of Day Care
127(4)
School-Based Services
131(21)
Introduction
131(1)
Philosophy of Education
132(1)
Support Services: Meeting Academic, Social, and Emotional Needs
133(14)
A Team Approach: Parents and Professionals as Partners
147(1)
Controversial Issues and Dilemmas in the Provision of Service
147(2)
Trends in the Provision of Educational Services
149(3)
Summary
152(1)
Exploration Questions
153(1)
References
153(3)
Counseling for Families and Children
156(34)
Lloyd T. Williams
What Is Counseling?
157(1)
Basic Assumptions
157(1)
When a Family Might Seek Counseling
158(3)
Referral System
158(3)
Attitudes about Receiving Counseling
161(5)
Self-Referred Clients
161(1)
Clients Referred from Outside Agencies
161(1)
Attitudes about Having a Problem
162(2)
Ethnic and Cross-Cultural Considerations
164(2)
Changing Attitudes about Counseling
166(2)
Medical Model versus Holistic Model
166(1)
The Impact of Feminism
167(1)
Types of Counseling
168(1)
The Professions
168(1)
Settings
169(1)
The Counseling Process
169(5)
Assessment, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning
169(2)
Modalities
171(3)
The Experience of Counseling
174(5)
Consumer Perspective
174(1)
Professional Perspective
175(4)
Trends in Counseling Services
179(3)
External Forces
179(2)
Internal Forces
181(1)
Ethical Considerations in Counseling
182(5)
Confidentiality
182(1)
The Dilemma of Diagnosis
183(1)
Training
184(1)
Value System Differences
184(1)
Counselor--Client Boundaries
184(1)
Power
185(1)
Counseling as a Healing Art versus the Business of Mental Health
185(2)
Band-Aids versus Commitment to Social Change
187(1)
Summary
187(1)
Exploration Questions
188(1)
References
189(1)
Protecting Children When Families Cannot: Child Abuse and Neglect
190(43)
Historical View
191(5)
Societal Role of Children
191(1)
Child Neglect throughout History
191(1)
Child Labor and Maltreatment
192(1)
Sexual Mores and Abuses
193(1)
Efforts to Control Child Abuse
194(2)
Maltreatment Defined
196(20)
Physical Abuse
196(5)
Physical Neglect
201(4)
Sexual Abuse
205(10)
Emotional or Psychological Abuse
215(1)
Reporting Child Maltreatment
216(5)
Intake
217(1)
Assessment
218(2)
Case Management and Treatment
220(1)
Court Intervention in Protective Cases
221(3)
Juvenile or Civil Court
221(1)
Criminal Court
222(2)
The Effect of Court Involvement on Children
224(1)
The Role of the Protective Services Worker
224(2)
Reflections of an Abused Child: Consumer Perspective
226(1)
Future Trends in Protective Services
227(2)
Unification of Services
227(1)
Improvement of Staff Training
228(1)
Prevention
228(1)
A New Era?
229(1)
Summary
229(1)
Exploration Questions
230(1)
References
230(3)
Family-Centered Services for Children
233(20)
Jennifer J. Savage
Historical Development
233(3)
Stresses on the Family Unit
235(1)
Defining Family-Centered Services for Children
236(3)
Family-Centered Services for Maltreated Children
236(1)
Family-Centered Services for Healthy Children
237(1)
Differences in Family-Centered Services
237(1)
Overlap in Family-Centered Services
237(1)
Role of the U.S. Children's Bureau
238(1)
Evolution of Family Development Programs
239(1)
Family-Centered Services as a Continuum of Family Development
239(5)
Family Preservation Program Characteristics
239(1)
Consumers of Family-Centered Family Preservation Services
240(1)
Service Delivery Models of Family Preservation
240(1)
Family Support Program Characteristics
241(1)
Service Delivery Models of Family Support
242(2)
Ethical Issues in Family-Centered Practice
244(2)
Common Good and Common Problems
244(1)
Creaming for the Most Cooperative
245(1)
Guilt by Potential to Abuse
245(1)
The Family-Centered Worker
246(3)
Settings of Family-Centered Practice
247(1)
Common Characteristics and Competencies
247(2)
Summary
249(1)
Exploration Questions
250(1)
References
250(3)
Court Services on Behalf of Children
253(24)
Judy A. Noel
David Whelan
An Historical Perspective
254(5)
The Child Savers
255(1)
Reform School Movement
256(1)
The Concept of Parens Patriae
256(1)
The Emergence of the Juvenile Court
257(2)
Situations Warranting Juvenile Court Intervention
259(4)
Delinquency
260(1)
Status Offenses
261(1)
Dependency, Abuse, and Neglect
262(1)
Related Situations Involving Court Intervention
263(1)
Factors Influencing Court Intervention
263(1)
The Rights of Juveniles
264(2)
Advocating for Children
265(1)
Juvenile Court Process and Procedures
266(2)
Intake Stage
266(1)
Adjudication Stage
267(1)
Disposition Stage
267(1)
The Role of the Social Worker and the Court
268(1)
Consumer Perspective
269(1)
Alternative Approaches to Court Intervention
270(1)
Diversion
271(1)
Treatment of Juvenile Offenders
271(1)
Trends
272(2)
Should There Be a Separate Juvenile Court?
272(1)
Should Status Offenders Come under the Jurisdiction of the Juvenile Court?
273(1)
What Should Be Done with Serious Offenders?
273(1)
Summary
274(1)
Exploration Questions
274(1)
References
275(2)
Our Children's Children: Teen Parents and Their Children
277(24)
Pamela Higgins Saulsberry
Historical Perspective
277(5)
A Question of Morality
279(1)
Economics as a Concern
279(3)
Societal Attitudes and Current Dilemmas
282(4)
Educational Opportunities
282(1)
Health Issues
283(2)
Poverty
285(1)
The United States Compared to Other Countries
285(1)
Extent of Teen Births
286(1)
Services to Teen Parents and Their Children
287(6)
Prevention Services
288(1)
Educational Services
289(1)
Health Care Services
289(1)
Social Services
290(1)
Employment and Training Services
291(1)
Child Care Programs
291(1)
Financial Assistance
292(1)
Case Management Services
292(1)
Grandparent Involvement
293(1)
Center for Teen Parents
294(1)
A Teen Parent's View
295(1)
Trends in Service Provision
296(1)
Summary
296(1)
Exploration Questions
297(1)
References
298(3)
Children in Family Foster Care
301(38)
History of Family Foster Care
302(3)
Early Beginnings
302(2)
Foster Care in Recent Years
304(1)
The Nature of Foster Care Today
305(6)
Types of Foster Homes
306(2)
Reasons Why Children Come into Foster Care
308(3)
Foster Parents
311(7)
Recruitment
311(2)
Home Study and Training
313(2)
Placement and Follow-Up
315(1)
Stresses of Being a Foster Parent
316(1)
Foster Parents as Part of the Team
317(1)
Birth Parents with Children in Foster Care
318(3)
Attitudes and Reactions
318(2)
Rights and Responsibilities of Birth Parents
320(1)
When Children Return Home
321(1)
Children in Foster Care
321(5)
Feelings about Placement and Separation
321(2)
Feelings about Natural Parents
323(1)
Feelings about Foster Parents
324(1)
Life in Foster Care
324(1)
Leaving Foster Care
325(1)
The Role of the Foster Care Social Worker
326(3)
A Former Foster Child Recalls Life in Care
329(1)
The Future of Foster Care
330(4)
Political Influences
330(1)
Trends
331(3)
Summary
334(2)
Exploration Questions
336(1)
References
336(3)
The Adoption of Children
339(50)
The History of Adoption
340(3)
Definitions and Assumptions
343(3)
Types of Adoption
344(2)
Issues in Adoption Today
346(9)
Decreased Number of Adoptable Children
347(1)
Changes in Types of Children Available for Adoption
348(1)
Controversy over Agency versus Independent Adoptions
349(3)
Adoption Disruptions and the Need for Follow-Up
352(1)
Openness in Adoption
353(1)
The Effects of Adoption on Children
354(1)
Adoptive Participants
355(13)
Birth Parents
355(5)
Children Available for Adoption
360(5)
Adoptive Applicants
365(3)
The Adoptive Process
368(8)
The Home study
368(2)
Placement and Legalization
370(2)
Postlegalization Services
372(2)
Adoption Disruption
374(2)
The Role of the Adoption Worker
376(1)
The Search
377(3)
Supporters of the Search
377(1)
Who Searches
377(1)
Search Outcome
378(1)
Sealed Records
379(1)
Consent Contracts
379(1)
Trends
380(3)
Children Available for Adoption
380(1)
Permanency Planning
381(1)
Resources Available
381(1)
Lifelong Services
382(1)
Summary
383(2)
Exploration Questions
385(1)
References
386(3)
Children in Residential Settings
389(46)
Historical Perspective
389(3)
Assumptions about Residential Care
392(2)
Types of Residential Settings
394(5)
Diagnostic Services
395(1)
Intense Therapeutic Services for Dependent Children
396(1)
Residential Treatment Centers
396(2)
Rehabilitative or Secure Treatment for Delinquents
398(1)
Centers for Children with Severe Special Needs
399(1)
Children in Residential Settings
399(3)
Reasons for Referral
399(2)
Adjustment to Placement
401(1)
Life in a Residential Setting
402(11)
Components of a Residential Setting
402(2)
Token Economy and Phase System
404(2)
The Influence of Peer Culture
406(1)
Handling Crises in Residential Settings
407(2)
Sexually Acting Out in Residential Care
409(3)
Sexual Abuse of Children in Residential Care
412(1)
Working with Families of Children in Residential Care
413(5)
Motivation of Parents
413(3)
Types of Family Treatment
416(1)
Problems in Working with Families
417(1)
The Role of Staff in a Residential Setting
418(5)
Residential Staff
418(1)
Educational Staff
419(1)
Clinical Staff
420(1)
Other Staff Functions
421(1)
The Frustrations of Staff
422(1)
Termination
423(3)
Return Home
423(1)
Placement in Foster Home or Less Restrictive Environment
424(1)
Placement in a More Restrictive Setting
425(1)
Hospitalization
425(1)
Independent Living
426(1)
A Former Resident Remembers: Jennifer's Story
426(2)
Problems in Residential Settings
428(1)
Staff Issues
428(1)
Abuse in Residential Settings
428(1)
Community Support
429(1)
Trends
429(2)
Population Served
429(1)
Restriction in Funding
430(1)
More Effective Evaluation
430(1)
Family Involvement
431(1)
Summary
431(1)
Exploration Questions
432(1)
References
432(3)
Our Children's Future
435(14)
What Is in Our Children's Future?
435(7)
Children's Status
436(2)
Children in Poverty
438(1)
Children at Risk
439(1)
Children and Health
440(1)
Children and Education
441(1)
Preparing Those Who Help Children
442(2)
Child Welfare in the Twenty-First Century
444(2)
Summary
446(1)
Exploration Questions
446(1)
References
447(2)
Name Index449(4)
Subject Index453

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