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Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers

by: Yang, Shang-Tian; El-Ensashy, Hesham; Thongchul, Nuttha

Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers

by: Yang, Shang-Tian; El-Ensashy, Hesham; Thongchul, Nuttha

ISBN 13:
9780470541951
ISBN 10:
0470541954
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 07/10/2013
Publisher: Wiley-AIChE

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Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers > ISBN13: 9780470541951

Summary

For researchers already familiar with biomass conversion technologies and for professionals in other fields, such as agriculture, food, and chemical industries, here is a comprehensive review of the emerging biorefinery industry. The book's content has been conveniently organized according to technologies (biomass feedstock and pretreatment, hydrolytic enzymes in biorefinery, and biofuels), with each chapter highlighting an important biobased industrial product. For undergraduate and graduate students, the book is a thorough introduction to biorefinery technologies.

Author Biography

SHANG-TIAN YANG, PhD, is Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at The Ohio State University as well as Director of the Ohio Bioprocessing Research Consortium. Cofounder of two biotechnology startup companies, Dr. Yang has conducted research in bioprocess engineering, fermentation, biocatalysis, cell and tissue engineering, metabolic engineering, and functional genomics.

HESHAM A. EL-ENSHASY, PhD, is Professor of Bioprocess Engineering and is Assistant Director for Research and Innovation for the Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD) at Universiti Tecknologi Malaysia. Dr. El-Enshasy is also Professor at City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt.

NUTTHA THONGCHUL, PhD, is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering and Adjunct Professor in the Biotechnology Program at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.

Preface

Chapter 1. Integrated Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals and Polymers
Shang-Tian Yang and Mingrui Yu

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Biorefineries using corn, soybeans and sugarcane

1.3 Lignocellulosic biorefinery

1.4 Aquacultures and algae biorefinery

1.5 Chemical and biological conversions for fuels and chemicals production

1.6 Conclusions and future prospects

References

Chapter 2. The Outlook of Sugar and Starch Crops in Biorefinery
Klanarong Sriroth and Kuakoon Piyachomkwan

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Sugar crops

2.3 Starch crops

2.4 Uses of sugar and starch crops in biorefinery

2.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 3. Novel and Traditional Oil Crops and Their Biorefinery Potential
Johann Vollmann and Margit Laimer

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Oil crop breeding and its bioprocessing potential

3.3. Novel oil crops

3.4. Traditional oil crops

3.5. Perspectives for non-food oil crop production

References

Chapter 4. Energy Crops
Walter Zegada-Lizarazu and Andrea Monti

4.1. What are dedicated energy crops?

4.2. Annual crops

4.3. Perennial herbaceous crops

4.4. Short rotation woody crops

4.5. Why to grow energy crops?

4.6. Barriers to energy crops

4.7. Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. Microalgae as Feedstock for Biofuels and Biochemicals
Dong Wei

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The importance of microalgae as feedstock for biofuels and biochemicals

5.3 New techniques for screening and selection of microalgae

5.4 Production of microalgal biomass in industry

5.5 Bioprocessing of microalgal biomass for biofuels production

5.6 Conclusion and future prospects

References

Chapter 6. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Tae Hyun Kim

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass

6.3. Challenges in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass

6.4. Pretreatment technologies

6.5. Pretreatment strategies in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals

6.6. Pretreatment or fractionation: a role of pretreatment in the biorefinery concept

6.7. Integration of pretreatment into the biomass conversion process

References

Chapter 7. Amylases: Characteristics, Sources, Production and Applications
Hesham A. El Enshasy,Yasser R. Abdel Fattah, and Nor Zalina Othman

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Starch (the amylases substrate)

7.3 Amylases in nature

7.4 Types of Amylases

7.5 Amylases mode of action

7.6 Amylases family classification

7.7 Amylases structure

7.8 Industrial production 7.8.1 a -amylase

7.9 Amylases stability7.9.1 Production by extremophilic microorganisms

7.10 Industrial applications

7.11 Future trends

References

Chapter 8. Cellulases: Characteristics, Sources, Production and Applications
Xiao-Zhou Zhang and Y.-H. Percival Zhang

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Cellulases and their roles in cellulose hydrolysis

8.3. Cellulase improvement efforts

8.4. The applications and productions of cellulase

8.5. Consolidated bioprocessing

8.6. Perspectives

References

Chapter 9. Xylanases: Characteristics, Sources, Production and Applications
Evangelos Topakas,Gianni Panagiotou, and Paul Christakopoulos

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Biochemical characteristics of xylanases

9.3. Xylanase production

9.4. Application of xylanases

References

Chapter 10. Lignin Degrading Enzymes An Overview
Rajni Hatti-Kaul and Victor Ibrahim

10.1. Introduction Lignin as renewable resource

10.2. The lignin degraders

10.3. Ligninolytic peroxidases

10.4. Laccase the blue enzyme

10.5. Lignin degrading auxiliary enzymes

10.6. Production of lignin modifying enzymes

10.7. Applications of lignin modifying enzymes

10.8. Ligninolytic enzymes implications for lignin degradation and future lignocellulose biorefineries

References

Chapter 11. Advances in Lignocellulosic Bioethanol
Reeta Rani Singhania, Parameswaran Binod, and Ashok Pandey

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Bioethanol vs. environment: Controversies

11.3 Lignocellulosic Biomass - The ubiquitous raw material

11.4 Pretreatment - preparation of biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis

11.5 Enzymatic hydrolysis

11.6 Biotechnological approaches in lignocellulosic bioconversion

11.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 12. Biodiesel Properties and Alternative Feedstocks
Bryan R. Moser

12.1. Introduction 12.2. Biodiesel Standards

12.3. Catalysts

12.4. Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

12.5. Preparation of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters

12.6. Influence of Free Fatty Acids on Biodiesel Production

12.7. Alternative Production Methods

12.8. Advantages and Disadvantages of Biodiesel

12.9. Typical Fatty Acids Found in Most Vegetable Oil Feedstocks

12.10. Influence of Biodiesel Composition on Fuel Properties

12.11. Why Alternative Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production?

12.12. Alternative Oilseed Feedstocks

12.13. Animal Fats

12.14. Other waste oils

12.15. Microalgae

12.16. Future Outlook for Biodiesel

References

Chapter 13. Biological Production of Butanol and Higher Alcohols
Jingbo Zhao, Congcong Lu, Chih-Chin Chen, and Shang-Tian Yang

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Industrial ABE fermentation for n-butanol production

13.3. n-Butanol production by solventogenic Clostridium

13.4. Engineering microorganisms for biosynthesis of higher alcohols

13.5. Production of higher alcohols by hybrid bio-chemical process

13.6. Conclusions and future perspectives References

Chapter 14. Advancement of Bio-hydrogen Production and Its Integration with Fuel Cell Technology
Jong-Hwan Shin and Tai Hyun Park

14. 1. Introduction

14.2. Biophotolysis

14.3. Photodecomposition

14.4. Dark fermentation

14.5. Factors influencing hydrogen production in dark fermentation

14.6. Genetic modification of fermentative bacteria

14.7. Other efforts for the production of bio-hydrogen

14.8. Integration of bio-hydrogen production system with fuel cell

14.9. Conclusion

References

Chapter 15. Biogas Technology

G. Busch

15.1. Introduction

15.2. Fundamentals of the biogas process

15.3. Process layout and fermenter design

15.4. Biogas from biowaste and municipal solid waste

References

Chapter 16. Production of Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid for Industrial Applications
Nuttha Thongchul

16.1.History of lactic acid

16.2.Properties of lactic acid

16.3.Applications and market of lactic acid and its derivative, polylactic acid

16.4.Lactic acid fermentation

16.5.Lactic acid recovery from fermentation broth

16.6.Overview of polylactic syntheses

16.7.Concluding remarks

References

Chapter 17. Production of Succinic Acid from Renewable Resources
Jongho Yi, Sol Choi, Min-Sun Han, Jeong Wook Lee, and Sang Yup Lee

17.1. Overview

17.2. Development of succinic acid producers

17.3. Carbon sources

17.4. Fermentation process optimization

17.5. Succinic acid recovery and purification

17.6. Future perspectives on the bio-based succinic acid production

References

Chapter 18. Propionic Acid Fermentation
Zhongqiang Wang, Jianxin Sun, An Zhang, and Shang-Tian Yang

18.1. Introduction

18.2. Propionic acid bacteria

18.3. Metabolic engineering of propionibacteria

18.4. Fermentation Processes

18.5. Fermentation with in-situ product recovery

18.6. Conclusions and future perspectives

References

Chapter 19. Anaerobic Fermentations for the Production of Acetic and Butyric Acids
Shang-Tian Yang, Mingrui Yu, Wei-Lun Chang, and I-Ching Tang

19.1. Introduction

19.2 Microbial production of acetic acid

19.3 Microbial production of butyric acid

19.4 Metabolic engineering of acidogenic clostridia

19.5. Fermentation processes for carboxylic acids production 19.5.1 Operating mode

19.7. Conclusions

References

Chapter 20. Production of Citric, Itaconic, Fumaric and Malic Acids in Filamentous Fungal Fermentations
Kun Zhang, Baohua Zhang, and Shang-Tian Yang

20.1. Introduction

20.2. History and current production methods

20.3. Microorganisms

20.4. Metabolic pathways for carboxylic acid biosynthesis in filamentous fungi

20.5. Metabolic engineering and systems biology for strain improvement

20.6. Filamentous Fungal Fermentation Process

20.7. Product separation and purification

20.8. Conclusions and Future Prospects

References

Chapter 21. Biotechnological Development for the Production of 1,3-Propanediol and 2,3-Butandiol
Youngsoon Um and Kyung-Duk Kim

21.1. Introduction

21.2. Microbial production of 1,3-propanediol21.2.1. 1,3-propanediol

21.3. Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol

21.4. Conclusion

References

Chapter 22. Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Biomass Refining
Jian Yu

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Microbial Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates

22.3 Purification of PHA Biopolyesters

22.4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 23. Microbial Production of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid
Zhinan Xu, Huili Zhang, Hao Chen, Feng Shi, Jin Huang, Shufang Wang, and Cunjiang Song

23.1. Introduction

23.2. γ-PGA producing microorganisms and related biosynthesis pathways

23.3. Bioprocess development for γ-PGA production

23.4 Direct utilization of glucose for γ-PGA biosynthesis

23.5. Separation and characterization of γ-PGA from fermentation broth

23.6. Modifications and applications of γ-PGA

References

Chapter 24. Refining Food Processing Byproducts for Value-Added Functional Ingredients
Kequan Zhou, Yuting Zhou, and Y. Martin Lo

24.1. Introduction

24.2. Dietary Fiber

24.3. Antioxidants

24.4. Food Colorants

24.5. Concluding Remarks

References

Supplemental Materials

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