9780132595216

Since the 1930s, governments have overcome recessions by borrowing and spending to temporarily replace lost consumer and business spending. What happens when they can't do it anymore? In Beyond the Keynesian Endpoint, PIMCO Executive VP Tony Crescenzi offers a sobering tour of today's unprecedented global sovereign debt crisis. Crescenzi shows how exhausted national balance sheets have stripped policymakers of their ability to bolster growth& how investors are finding it increasingly difficult to navigate debt-ridden markets... how increased spending intended to cure the financial crisis is instead worsening it. He dissects each scenario for the future, and reveals the crisis'profound long-term implications for governments, investors, and the global economy.

Tony Crescenzi is Executive Vice President, Market Strategist, and Portfolio Manager for PIMCO, a leading global investment management firm. He was previously Chief Bond Market Strategist at Miller Tabak, where he worked for 23 years.

Crescenzi appears regularly on CNBC and Bloomberg, has guest-hosted Squawk Box, and has taught at Baruch College’s executive MBA program for 10 years. He has 28 years of investment experience and holds an MBA from St. John’s University and an undergraduate degree from the City University of New York.

His books include Investing from the Top Down, the recent Fourth Edition of Marcia Stigum’s 1,200-page classic The Money Market, and The Strategic Bond Investor, Second Edition.

Viral Fusion
Structure and Working of Viral Fusion Machinery
Overview	p. 49
Introduction	p. 50
Structures of Fusion Proteins	p. 51
Regulation of the Conformational Change	p. 63
Working of the Fusion Machinery	p. 65
Concluding Remarks	p. 71
References	p. 71
Membrane Fusion Mediated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein
Overview	p. 81
Introduction	p. 82
HIV Assembly and Structure	p. 82
Structural Changes in HIV Env Leading to Membrane Fusion	p. 86
What Drives the Enlargement of Fusion Pores?	p. 92
HIV Entry Pathways	p. 93
Concluding Remarks	p. 97
References	p. 98
The Reovirus Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane (FAST) Proteins: Virus-Encoded Cellular Fusogens
Overview	p. 107
Introduction	p. 108
The Diversity of Fast Proteins	p. 112
The Fast Proteins are Necessary and Sufficient to Induce Membrane Fusion	p. 115
The Fast Proteins and Prefusion Events	p. 116
The Fast Proteins and Membrane Merger	p. 121
The Fast Proteins and Postfusion Events	p. 128
Model of the Fast Protein-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion Reaction	p. 130
Summary and Future Directions	p. 132
References	p. 134
Intracellular Fusion
C2 Domains and Membrane Fusion
Overview	p. 141
Membrane Fusion	p. 141
The Molecular Machinery Mediating Calcium-Dependent Membrane Fusion	p. 146
Conclusion	p. 154
References	p. 155
Chasing the Trails of SNAREs and Lipids Along the Membrane Fusion Pathway
Overview	p. 161
Introduction	p. 162
SNARE-Dependent Membrane Fusion	p. 163
Small Molecules as Interrogators for SNARE-Mediated Membrane Fusion	p. 170
Single Molecule (or Particle) Fluorescence Techniques to Study SNARE-Mediated Membrane Fusion	p. 173
References	p. 180
Inferring Structures of Kinetic Intermediates in Ca²⁺-Triggered Exocytosis
Overview	p. 185
Introduction	p. 186
Hypothetical Intermediates	p. 187
Lipid Contact	p. 188
Fluid Contact	p. 190
Hydrocarbon-Water Contact	p. 191
Membrane Bending	p. 192
Role of Proteins	p. 196
Conclusion	p. 202
References	p. 203
Developmental Cell Fusion
Eukaryotic Cell-Cell Fusion Families
Overview	p. 209
Introduction	p. 210
Choosing a Model System: C. elegans as an Organism to Study Cell-Cell Fusion	p. 211
Syncytins: an Expanding Metazoan Fusion Family	p. 223
Regulation of Cell-Cell Fusion in Nematodes and Mammals	p. 225
Concluding Remarks	p. 226
References	p. 227
Invasive Podosomes and Myoblast Fusion
Overview	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
Myoblast Fusion in Vertebrates	p. 235
Drosophila as A Model System to Study Myoblast Fusion	p. 237
Myoblast Fusion in Drosophila	p. 238
Relevance to Vertebrate Myoblast Fusion	p. 252
Concluding Remarks	p. 253
References	p. 254
Theoretical Modeling
Lipid Acrobatics in the Membrane Fusion Arena
Overview	p. 259
Introduction	p. 260
Historical Background	p. 261
Fusion Pathways at the Molecular Level	p. 263
Energy Landscape Along the Fusion Pathway	p. 268
Fission Pathways in Molecular Detail	p. 276
Peptide Modulated Fusion	p. 281
Outlook	p. 287
References	p. 289
An Alternate Path for Fusion and its Exploration by Field-Theoretic Means
Overview	p. 295
Introduction	p. 295
A Different Pathway to Fusion	p. 298
Results from A Field-Theoretic Description	p. 303
Outlook	p. 314
Conclusion	p. 318
References	p. 319
Index	p. 325
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Beyond the Keynesian Endpoint Crushed by Credit and Deceived by Debt — How to Revive the Global Economy

Beyond the Keynesian Endpoint Crushed by Credit and Deceived by Debt — How to Revive the Global Economy

0132595214

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