Becoming a Critical Thinker
ISBN: 9780495909057 | 049590905X
Edition: 7thFormat: Paperback
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Pub. Date: 2/14/2011
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Success depends on the ability to think critically. Training and practice turn this ability into a powerful skill. Becoming a Critical Thinker gives students the opportunity to develop this skill in a classroom environment while stressing its application to daily life. Students learn to solve everyday problems, maintain successful relationships, make career choices, and interpret the messages of advertising in a variety of media. Exercises throughout the text encourage them to practice what they read and to apply it to their own lives. Becoming a Critical Thinker breaks up critical thinking into a series of cumulative activities, a unique approach that has made this text a staple of many critical thinking courses.
| Acknowledgments | |
| To the Instructor | |
| Fundamentals of Thinking | |
| What is intelligence? | |
| What is thinking? | |
| good thinking! The Story of Albert Einstein | |
| Key principles of thinking | |
| Truth is discovered, not created | |
| Ideas are interrelated | |
| A statement canÆt be both true and false at the same time and in the same w... MORE | |
| good thinking! The Story of Nellie Bly | |
| All people make mistakes, even experts | |
| Ideas can be examined without being embraced | |
| Feeling is no substitute for thinking | |
| Key habits and skills of thinking | |
| The habit of curiosity | |
| good thinking! The Story of Paul Vitz | |
| Skill in distinguishing facts from opinions | |
| The habit of checking facts and testing opinions | |
| Exercises | |
| Quiz | |
| THE W.I.S.E. Approach to Thinking | |
| Introducing the W.I.S.E | |
| Approach | |
| good thinking! The Story of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth | |
| Step 1: Wonder | |
| Step 2: Investigate | |
| good thinking! The Story of Elizabeth Loftus | |
| Step 3: Speculate | |
| Step 4: Evaluate | |
| Examples of Problem Solving | |
| The uncooperative page markers | |
| The librarianÆs lament | |
| Examples of Issue Resolution | |
| Is venting anger healthy? | |
| What causes Yellow Fever? | |
| An Important Relationship | |
| A Caution About Bias | |
| Bias toward what confirms your personal view | |
| Bias toward familiar ideas | |
| Bias toward your likes and against your dislikes | |
| Exercises | |
| Quiz | |
| Improving your Investigative Skills | |
| Conducting library research | |
| good thinking! The Richard Feynman Story | |
| Conducting Internet research | |
| Use a search engine | |
| good thinking! The Story of Larry Page and Sergey Brin | |
| Develop a resource list | |
| Ask questions about the websites you visit | |
| Conducting an interview | |
| Avoiding plagiarism | |
| Three steps to avoid plagiarism | |
| How to correctly quote and paraphrase | |
| Exercises | |
| Quiz | |
| Becoming an Individual | |
| What is individuality? Acknowledging influences | |
| good thinking! The Story of Viktor Frankl | |
| Understanding attitudes | |
| Four empowering attitudes | |
| Attitude 1: ThereÆs always room for improvement | |
| Attitude 2: Criticism, including self-criticism, has value | |
| Attitude 3: Effort is the key to success | |
| Attitude 4: Other people are as important as I am | |
| Recognizing manipulation | |
| Biased reporting | |
| Dishonest appeals to emotion | |
| Stacking the deck | |
| Suppressing dissent | |
| Repetition | |
| Resisting manipulation | |
| Step 1: Be prepared | |
| Step 2: Ask questions | |
| Step 3: Be imaginative | |
| Step 4: Check sources | |
| Strategies for individuality | |
| Strive for humility | |
| Be wary of first impressions | |
| good thinking! The Story of Stephanie Kwolek | |
| Be honest with yourself | |
| Fight confusion | |
| Produce many ideas | |
| Acknowledge complexity | |
| Look for connections among subjects | |
| Consider other viewpoints | |
| good thinking! The Story of Stanton Samenow | |
| Dare to change your mind | |
| Base your judgments on evidence | |
| Exercises | |
| Quiz | |
| Recognizing Errors In Thinking | |
| Four kinds of errors | |
| Errors of perception | |
| ôMine is betterö thinking | |
| Selective perception | |
| Gullibility and skepticism | |
| good thinking! The Story of Sylvia Earle | |
| Preconceptions | |
| Pretending to know | |
| Either/or thinking | |
| False tolerance | |
| Errors of judgment | |
| Double standard | |
| Irrelevant criterion | |
| Overgeneralizing or stereotyping | |
| good thinking! The Story of Martin Seligman | |
| Hasty conclusion | |
| Unwarranted assumption | |
| Failure to make a distinction | |
| Oversimplification | |
| Errors of expression | |
| Contradicting oneself | |
| Arguing in a circle | |
| False analogy | |
| Irrational appeal | |
| Errors of reaction | |
| Explaining away | |
| Shifting the burden of proof | |
| Attacking the person | |
| Straw man | |
| Errors can multiply | |
| Exercises | |
| Quiz | |
| Persuading Others | |
| What is persuasion? Opportunities in the classroom | |
| Opportunities in the workplace | |
| good thinking! The Story Of Dorothea Dix | |
| Opportunities in the community | |
| Opportunities in relationships | |
| How is persuasion achieved? Respect your audience | |
| Understand your audienceÆs viewpoint(s) | |
| Begin on a point of agreement | |
| Acknowledge unpleasant facts and make appropriate concessions | |
| good thinking! The Story Of Dale Carnegie | |
| Apply the Golden Rule | |
| Keep your expectations modest | |
| Strategy for persuasive writing | |
| Step 1: State what you think about the issue and why you think it | |
| Step 2: Consider how those who disagree might react to your view | |
| Step 3: Arrange your ideas and write a draft of your presentation | |
| Step 4: Check your draft for matters of style | |
| Step 5: Check your draft for grammar, usage, punctuation, and spelling | |
| good thinking! The Story Of George Orwell | |
| An example of persuasive writing | |
| Strategy for persuasive speaking | |
| Create note cards | |
| Rehearse using a tape recorder or a camcorder | |
| Strategy for group discussion | |
| Exercises | |
| Quiz | |
| Applying your Thinking Skills | |
| Thinking critically about relationships | |
| good thinking! The Story Of Oprah Winfrey | |
| Guidelines for successful relationships | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about careers | |
| good thinking! THE STORY OF FAYE ABDELLAH | |
| A sensible approach | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about ethical judgments | |
| A better basis for judgment | |
| good thinking! The Story Of Chiara Lubich | |
| Criteria for ethical judgment | |
| Applying the criteria | |
| A sample case | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about commercials | |
| Bandwagon | |
| Glittering generality | |
| Empty comparison | |
| Meaningless slogan | |
| Testimonial | |
| Transfer | |
| Stacking the deck | |
| Misleading statement | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about print advertising | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about television programming | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about movies | |
| Characters | |
| Setting | |
| Plot | |
| Theme | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about music | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about magazines | |
| Exercises | |
| Thinking critically about newspapers | |
| Exercises | |
| Quiz | |
| Epilogue: Make the end a beginning | |
| Works Cited | |
| Bibliography | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
