This book is designed to assist in the transition from slavish student to bold independent researcher. Step-by-step prescriptions, a glossary grouped by related but distinct terms, numerous worked-through examples, and the R code for less-widely available statistical techniques aid in making use of the material. Readers wi11 learn when to use statistics, the best ways to cope with variation, how to design an experiment, how to determine optimal sample size and how to collect useable data for experiments, clinical trials, and surveys.