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Applying Educational Research : A Practical Guide

ISBN: 9780205380787 | 0205380786
Edition: 5th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/2005

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SummaryTable of Contents
This text is intended for instructors who emphasize teaching students how to locate, read, and interpret, and apply the findings of educational research studies. This revision addresses how to design and conduct a research study in more detail. The text includes numerous recent, published research articles involving high-interest problems of educational practice. The chapters, which treat quantitative, qualitative, and applied forms of educational research, stand alone, allowing instructors to choose those they want to cover. This text brings research alive for educators by introducing readers to people who actually do research. Designed for courses focused primarily on applying, rather than conducting research, it includes 13 actual research articles, reprinted in their entirety. The book makes no assumptions about readers' prior knowledge of research or statistics. This text builds students' confidence so that they are able to successfully read research reports and research. For the first time, readers will see the relevance of research to educational practice.
Reprinted Articles, by Chapterxiii
Prefacexv
Part I: THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH1(24)
chapter 1 Using Research to Improve Educational Practice
2... MORE
Objectives
2(1)
Key Terms
3(1)
The Nature of Educational Research
3(3)
The Benefits of Educational Research
6(2)
Applying Educational Research to Practice
8(3)
Characteristics of Research
11(2)
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
13(3)
Steps in Doing a Research Study
16(6)
Self-Check Test
22(1)
Chapter References
23(1)
Resources for Further Study
24(1)
Part II: THE RESEARCH LITERATURE ON EDUCATION25(96)
chapter 2 Conducting a Review of the Research Literature
26(35)
Objectives
26(1)
Key Terms
27(1)
A Systematic Process for Conducting a Literature Review
27(1)
Step 1: Framing Questions to Guide the Literature Search
28(2)
Step 2: Consulting with Experts
30(1)
Step 3: Reading General Secondary Sources
31(1)
Step 4: Selecting a Preliminary Source
31(1)
Step 5: Searching a Preliminary Source by Using Appropriate Descriptors
32(1)
Step 6: Reading Primary Sources
32(3)
Step 7: Classifying Publications into Meaningful Categories
35(1)
Step 8: Preparing a Report of the Literature Review
36(4)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
40(1)
Self-Check Test
41(1)
Chapter References
42(1)
Resources for Further Study
43(18)
Sample Literature Review: Shifting the Paradigm from "At Risk" to "At Promise": A Review of the Construct of Resilience and Its Educational Applications
43(55)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by Sandra Kappa
43(3)
Reprint of Paper
46(15)
chapter 3 Using Preliminary Sources to Search the Literature
61(21)
Objectives
61(1)
Key Terms
62(1)
The Purpose of Preliminary Sources
62(1)
Searching a Hard-Copy Preliminary Source
63(10)
Searching an Electronic Preliminary Source
73(6)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
79(1)
Self-Check Test
79(2)
Chapter References
81(1)
Resources for Further Study
81(1)
chapter 4 Reading Secondary Sources
82(39)
Objectives
82(1)
Key Terms
83(1)
The Value of Secondary Sources
83(2)
Primary Source Analyses
85(4)
Professional Reviews
89(2)
How to Locate Secondary Sources
91(3)
Criteria for Evaluating Secondary Sources
94(2)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
96(1)
Self-Check Test
96(2)
Chapter References
98(1)
Resources for Further Study
98(24)
Sample Meta-Analysis: A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Science Education
99(14)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by Sule Bayraktar
99(2)
Reprint of Journal Article
101(12)
Sample Professional Review: Cooperative Learning
113(81)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by Robert Slavin
113(3)
Reprint of Encyclopedia Article
116(5)
Part III: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN EDUCATION121(182)
chapter 5 Reading Reports of Quantitative Research Studies
122(27)
Objectives
122(1)
Key Terms
123(1)
Organization of a Quantitative Research Report
123(1)
Abstract and Introductory Section
124(4)
Method Section: Sampling Procedures
128(3)
Method Section: Measures
131(12)
Method Section: Research Design and Procedures
143(1)
Results Section
143(1)
Discussion Section
143(1)
Example of Taking Notes on a Quantitative Research Report
144(2)
Self-Check Test
146(2)
Chapter References
148(1)
Resources for Further Study
148(1)
chapter 6 Statistical Analysis of Research Data
149(29)
Objectives
149(1)
Key Terms
150(1)
The Purpose of Statistical Analysis
150(1)
Types of Scores in Statistical Analysis
151(4)
Descriptive Statistics
155(6)
Inferential Statistics
161(12)
Practical Significance and Effect Size
173(1)
Procedures in Statistical Analysis
174(1)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
174(1)
Self-Check Test
175(2)
Resources for Further Study
177(1)
chapter 7 Descriptive and Causal-Comparative Research
178(39)
Objectives
178(1)
Key Terms
179(1)
The Nature of Descriptive, Relationship, and Experimental Research Descriptive Research
180(5)
Causal-Comparative Research
185(5)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
190(1)
Self-Check Test
191(3)
Chapter References
194(1)
Resources for Further Study
194(23)
Sample Descriptive and Causal-Comparative Research Study: Reactions from the Field to State Restructuring Legislation
194(36)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by David Conley
194(3)
Reprint of Journal Article
197(20)
chapter 8 Correlational Research
217(31)
Objectives
217(1)
Key Terms
218(1)
The Nature of Correlational Research
218(1)
Advantages and Limitations of Correlational Research
219(2)
Scattergrams
221(1)
Bivariate and Multivariate Correlational Statistics
222(4)
Relationship Studies and Prediction Studies
226(1)
Statistical and Practical Significance of Correlation Coefficients
226(1)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
227(2)
Self-Check Test
229(1)
Resources for Further Study
230(18)
Sample Correlational Research Study: A Model of Homework's Influence on the Performance Evaluations of Elementary School Students
231(38)
Researchers' Comments, Prepared by Harris Cooper and Kristina Jackson
231(2)
Reprint of Journal Article
233(15)
chapter 9 Experimental Research
248(55)
Objectives
248(1)
Key Terms
249(1)
The Nature of Experimental Research
249(3)
The Validity of Experiments
252(4)
Experimental Designs
256(2)
Quasi-Experimental Designs
258(2)
Single-Case Designs
260(6)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
266(2)
Self-Check Test
268(1)
Chapter References
269(1)
Resources for Further Study
269(35)
Sample Experimental Research Study: Early Exposure to Direct Instruction and Subsequent Juvenile Delinquency: A Prospective Examination
270(15)
Researchers' Comments, Prepared by Paulette Mills, Philip Dale, Joseph Jenkins, and Kevin Cole
270(2)
Reprint of Journal Article
272(13)
Sample Single-Case Experimental Research Study: Modifying Activities to Produce Functional Outcomes: Effects on the Problem Behaviors of Students with Disabilities
285(47)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by Glen Dunlap
285(3)
Reprint of Journal Article
288(15)
Part IV: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN EDUCATION303(148)
chapter 10 Case Studies in Qualitative Research
304(43)
Objectives
304(1)
Key Terms
305(1)
The Nature of Qualitative Research
305(5)
Selection of Cases for Study
310(2)
Data Collection in Case Study Research
312(2)
Data Analysis in Case Study Research
314(5)
Criteria for Evaluating Case Studies
319(4)
Checking the Applicability of Case Study Findings
323(1)
Qualitative Research Traditions
324(3)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
327(2)
Self-Check Test
329(2)
Chapter References
331(1)
Resources for Further Study
332(15)
Sample Case Study: The Shaping of Ms. Nicholi: The Discursive Fashioning of Teacher Identities
332(30)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by Monica Miller Marsh
333(2)
Reprint of Journal Article
335(12)
chapter 11 Ethnographic Research
347(33)
Objectives
347(1)
Key Terms
348(1)
The Characteristics of Ethnographic Research
348(2)
Ethnographic Conceptions of Culture
350(1)
The Methods of Ethnographic Research
351(4)
Applying Ethnographic Research Findings to Educational Practice
355(4)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
359(2)
Self-Check Test
361(1)
Chapter References
362(1)
Resources for Further Study
362(18)
Sample Ethnographic Research Study: Study Time: Temporal Orientations of Freshmen Students and Computing
363(38)
Researchers' Comments, Prepared by Kenneth Anderson and Anne McClard
363(4)
Reprint of journal Article
367(13)
chapter 12 Critical-Theory Research
380(32)
Objectives
380(1)
Key Terms
381(1)
The Purpose of Critical-Theory Research in Education
381(1)
Assumptions of a Criticalist
382(4)
Methods of Inquiry
386(5)
The Impact of Critical-Theory Research on Education
391(2)
Theory Building in Critical-Theory Research
393(1)
Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Critical-Theory Research
394(1)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
395(3)
Self-Check Test
398(1)
Chapter References
399(2)
Resources for Further Study
401(11)
Sample Critical-Theory Research Study: The Dilemmas of Deskilling: Reflections of a Staff Developer
401(31)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by Nancy Kraft
402(3)
Reprint of journal Article
405(7)
chapter 13 Historical Research
412(39)
Objectives
412(1)
Key Terms
413(1)
The Nature of Historical Research
413(3)
Selecting Historical Sources
416(3)
Validating Historical Evidence
419(3)
Interpreting the Information Obtained from Historical Sources
422(6)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
428(1)
Self-Check Test
429(2)
Chapter References
431(1)
Resources for Further Study
432(20)
Sample Historical Research Study: "A College of Morals": Educational Reform at San Quentin Prison, 1880-1920
432(40)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by Benjamin Justice
432(3)
Reprint of Journal Article
435(16)
Part V: APPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY451(71)
chapter 14 Evaluation Research
452(35)
Objectives
452(1)
Key Terms
453(1)
The Value of Using Evaluation Research in Educational Decision Making
453(1)
Aspects of Educational Practice Investigated by Evaluators
454(4)
Common Forms of Evaluation Research in Education
458(6)
Criteria for Judging an Educational Evaluation Research Study
464(3)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
467(2)
Self-Check Test
469(2)
Chapter References
471(1)
Resources for Further Study
472(15)
Sample Evaluation Research Study: An Assessment of 23 Selected School-Based Sexuality Education Curricula
473(37)
Researchers' Comments, Prepared by Roberta Ogletree, Barbara Rienzo, Judy Drolet, and Joyce Fetro
473(4)
Reprint of Journal Article
477(10)
chapter 15 Action Research
487(35)
Objectives
487(1)
Key Terms
488(1)
Purposes and Benefits of Action Research
488(3)
Typical Steps of an Action Research Project
491(1)
Examples of the Seven-Step Action Research Process
492(4)
Differences between Formal Research and Action Research
496(3)
Facilitating Conditions for Action Research
499(1)
Use of Theory to Increase the Impact of Action Research
500(6)
Example of Outlining a Research Proposal
506(2)
Self-Check Test
508(1)
Chapter References
509(1)
Resources for Further Study
510(12)
Sample Action Research Study: Student-Generated Discussion in the Senior Secondary English Classroom
511(11)
Researcher's Comments, Prepared by A.W. Lehmann
511(2)
Reprint of Journal Article
513(9)
SELF-CHECK TEST ANSWERS522(22)
appendix 1 Form for Outlining a Quantitative or Qualitative Research Proposal
523(3)
appendix 2 Preliminary Sources That Index the Education Literature
526(5)
appendix 3 Secondary Source Reviews of the Education Literature
531(3)
appendix 4 Questions for Evaluating Quantitative Research Reports
534(5)
appendix 5 Questions for Evaluating Qualitative Research Reports
539(5)
Glossary544(16)
Name Index560(4)
Subject Index564

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