9781572302501

Renowned authority Russell Barkley provides a radical shift of perspective on ADHD. He argues that the disorder is not at root attentional, but rather a developmental problem of self-control. Offering new directions for thinking about and working with those with ADHD, this model has far-reaching implications for clinical practice.

Clinical practitioner, scientist, and educator, Russell A. Barkley, PhD, is Director of Psychology and Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. In 1978, he founded the Neuropsychology Service at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Milwaukee Children's Hospital and served as its Chief until 1985. Since then, he has established the clinics for both child and adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, where he continues to conduct numerous ongoing studies of this disorder. The author of Taking Charge of ADHD, Dr. Barkley's other publications include Defiant Children, Second Edition, ADHD and the Nature of Self-Control, and several acclaimed video programs on ADHD and childhood defiance. He is coeditor of Treatment of Childhood Disorders, Second Edition, and editor of the newsletter the ADHD Report. He also serves on the editorial boards of five scientific journals and as a consulting reviewer for numerous others. The recipient of the C. Anderson Aldrich Award for child development research from the American Academy of Pediatrics, Dr. Barkley has presented more than 500 invited public lectures, professional workshops, and scientific addresses internationally. In 1988 he was President of the Section of Clinical Child Psychology, Division 12 of the American Psychological Association, and in 1991 he served as President of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. Dr. Barkley has appeared on a special prime time edition of Good Morning America and on Eye to Eye (with Connie Chung).

Russell A. Barkley, PhD, is Director of Psychology and Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. In 1978, he founded the Neuropsychology Service at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Milwaukee Children's Hospital and served as its Chief until 1985. Since then, he has established the clinics for both child and adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, where he continues to conduct ongoing research. The author of numerous widely acclaimed books and video programs, Dr. Barkley is editor of the newsletter The ADHD Report.

CHAPTER 1. The Nature of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1

(28)

A Brief History of ADHD

4

(5)

Core Symptoms of ADHD

9

(2)

Situational and Contextual Factors

11

(2)

Associated Cognitive Impairments

13

(1)

Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD

14

(8)

ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive Type

22

(5)

Conclusion

27

(2)

CHAPTER 2. Biological Etiologies Associated with ADHD

29

(18)

Neurological Factors

32

(5)

Genetic Factors

37

(4)

Environmental Toxins

41

(2)

Implications for Theory Construction

43

(2)

Conclusion

45

(2)

CHAPTER 3. Defining Behavioral Inhibition, Self-Control, and Executive Function

47

(18)

Definition of Terms

47

(11)

Events That Initiate Inhibition and Self-Control

58

(5)

Conclusion

63

(2)

CHAPTER 4. Behavioral Inhibition and ADHD

65

(18)

Evidence for Deficits in Behavioral Inhibition in ADHD

65

(12)

Why Is a New Theory of ADHD Needed?

77

(4)

Conclusion

81

(2)

CHAPTER 5. Neuropsychological Views of the Executive Functions: The Origins of a Hybrid Model

83

(25)

The Nature of Executive Functions

83

(18)

Executive Functions: A Synthesis

101

(5)

Conclusion

106

(2)

CHAPTER 6. Additional Evidence Supporting the Existence of the Executive Functions

108

(46)

Studies Using Factor Analysis with Test Batteries of Executive Functions

109

(27)

Neuroimaging Studies Using Measures of Executive Functions

136

(13)

Relationship of Intelligence to Executive Functions

149

(3)

Conclusion

152

(2)

CHAPTER 7. Constructing the Hybrid Model of Executive Functions

154

(55)

Behavioral Inhibition

158

(4)

Nonverbal Working Memory: Covert Sensing to the Self

162

(12)

Internalization of Speech (Verbal Working Memory)

174

(6)

Self-Regulation of Affect Motivation Arousal

180

(5)

Reconstitution

185

(7)

Motor Control Fluency Syntax

192

(1)

Comparisons to Other Models

193

(6)

The Place of Sustained Attention in the Model

199

(2)

On the Nature of the "Central Executive"

201

(2)

Human Volition and Will

203

(4)

Conclusion

207

(2)

CHAPTER 8. Developmental Considerations: Self-Control as an Instinct

209

(26)

Development of the Executive Functions

209

(18)

Self-Control as an Instinct

227

(6)

Conclusion

233

(2)

CHAPTER 9. Extending the Hybrid Model of Executive Functions to ADHD

235

(25)

Predictions of the Hybrid Model

238

(18)

The Nature of Inattention in ADHD

256

(2)

Conclusion

258

(2)

CHAPTER 10. Evidence Supporting Executive Function Deficits in ADHD

260

(52)

Important Methodological Caveats

260

(5)

Evidence for Working Memory Deficits in ADHD

265

(20)

Evidence for Deficits in Self-Regulation of Affect Motivation Arousal

285

(5)

Evidence for Deficits in Reconstitution

290

(4)

Evidence for Deficits in Motor Control Fluency Syntax

294

(2)

ADHD and Intelligence (IQ)

296

(3)

Stimulant Medication Effects on ADHD and Executive Functions

299

(3)

ADHD, Reproductive Fitness, and Life Expectancy

302

(5)

Unresolved Issues

307

(13)

Conclusion

320

CHAPTER 11. Understanding ADHD and Self-Control: Social and Clinical Implications

312

(39)

Social Implications of Understanding ADHD

313

(7)

Implications for Clinical Diagnosis

320

(11)

Implications for Clinical Assessment

331

(6)

Implications for Treatment

337

(10)

Conclusion

347

(4)

References

351

(48)

Index

399

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ADHD and the Nature of Self-Control

ADHD and the Nature of Self-Control

157230250X

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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