Preface. Introduction. 1. GOOD AND EVIL. Phllip Hallie: From Cruelty to Goodness. Jonathan Bennett: The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn. Phillip Hallie: The Evil that Men Think--And Do. Martin Gansberg: 38 Who Saw Murder Didn''t Call Police. Josiah Royce: The Moral Insight. Herman Melville: Billy Budd. Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil. 2. MORAL DOCTRINES AND MORAL THEORIES. The Judeo-Christian Tradition. Robert C. Mortimer: Morality is Based on God''s Commands. John Arthur: Why Morality Does Not Depend on Religion. David Hume: Of Benevolence. John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism. Bernard Williams: A Critique of Utilitarianism. Ursula Le Guin: The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas. Fyodor Dostoyevsky: Why Not Murder? Immanuel Kant: Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative. Fred Sommers: The Holocaust and Moral Philosophy. James Rachels: Kant and the Categorical Imperative. 3. IS IT ALL RELATIVE? Herodotus: Morality as Custom. Ruth Benedict: A Defense of Moral Relativism. William Graham Sumner: A Defense of Cultural Relativism. Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban: Cultural Relativism and Universal Rights. Jane Perlez: Uganda''s Women: Children, Drudgery, and Pain. Louis Pojman: Who''s to Judge? Thomas Nagel: The Objective Basis of Morality. R.M. MacIver: The Deep Beauty of the Golden Rule. Martin Luther King, Jr.: I Have a Dream. The United Nations Charter: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 4. VIRTUE. Aristotle: Happiness and the Virtues. Saint Augustine: Of the Morals of the Catholic Church. Bernard Mayo: Virtue or Duty? Alasdair MacIntyre: Tradition and the Virtues. James Rachels: The Ethics of Virtue. Adam Smith: Of Justice and Beneficence. Charles Darwin: The Origin of the Moral Sense. Christina Sommers: Filial Morality. 5. VICE. Plutarch: Vice. Saint Augustine: The Depths of Vice. Jonathan Edwards: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Dante Alighieri: The Hypocrites. Samuel Johnson: Self-Deception. Bishop Butler: Upon Self-Deceit. Immanuel Kant: Jealousy, Envy, and Spite. 6. MORALITY AND SELF-INTEREST. Plato: The Ring of Gyges. Thomas Hobbes: Of the State of Men without Civil Society. David Hume: Of Self-Love. Harry Browne: The Unselfishness Trap. James Rachels: Egoism and Moral Skepticism. Ayn Rand: The Virtue of Selfishness. Louis Pojman: Egoism, Self-Interest, and Altruism. Colin McGinn: Why Not Be a Bad Person? Peter Singer: Why Act Morally? 7. CHARACTER, DIGNITY, AND SELF-RESPECT. Epictetus: The Art of Living. Vice Admiral James Stockdale: The World of Epictetus. Nancy Sherman: Educating the Stoic Warrior. Immanuel Kant: Dignity and Self-Respect. Joan Didion: On Self-Respect. John Stuart Mill: A Crisis in My Mental Life. Anthony Quinton: Character and Culture. 8. MORAL EDUCATION. Aristotle: Habit and Virtue. Laurence Kohlberg: The Child as Moral Philosopher. George Sher and William J. Bennett: Moral Education and Indoctrination. Carol Gilligan: In a Different Voice. George Sher: Other Voices, Other Rooms? Women''s Psychology and Moral Theory. Sidney B. Simon, Leland W. Howe, and Howard Kirschenbaum: The Values Clarification Approach. Charles Sykes: The ''Values'' Wasteland. Christina Sommers: How Moral Education is Finding its Way Back into America''s Schools". 9. MORALITY AND SOCIAL POLICY. Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence, and Morality. John Arthur: World Hunger and Moral Obligation: The Case Against Singer. Garrett Hardin: Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor. William W. Murdoch and Allan Oaten: Population and Food: Metaphors and the Reality. Gerald O''Driscoll, Kim Holmes, and Melanie Kirkpatrick: Unfree, Hence Poor. Leon Kass: The Wisdom of Repugnance: The Case Against Human Cloning. Ranaan Gillon: Human Reproductive Cloning: A Look at the Arguments Against It and A Rejection of Most of Them. Cass R. Sunstein: The Constitution and the Clone. James Rachels: A Moral Defense of Vegetarianism. Aldo Leopold: The Land Ethic. Dennis Prager: Is God in Trees? Gregg Easterbrook: The Case Against Nature. 10. THE MEAN