9780205256242

Enlivens theories through illustrative biographies, clear explanations, the latest research Theories of Personalityprovides an overview of major classic and current theories of personality, brings theories to life through the interpretation of illustrative biographies, and integrates a clear explanation of theory with the latest research. In the sixth edition, the organization has changed to reflect the current changes in the field of personality, focusing more on new theories and leaving behind topics that have faded into the historical past. Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: Have a clear understanding of the theories of personality Identify the major and current theories of personality Illustrate a real-life example of major concepts of personality theory Apply theoretical ideas to understanding particular individuals they may encounter in their professional work and personal lives Note:MySearchLab with eText does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase the MySearchLab with eText, please visit:www.mySearchLab.comor you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySearchLab with eText (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205860869/ ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205860869

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Sue Cloninger is a California native who, after living several places in the U.S. and Germany, has settled in upstate New York for the past three decades. She is a professor of psychology at the Sage Colleges in Troy and Albany, New York, and also teaches online through Empire State College. Currently she chairs the Institutional Research Board (IRB) at The Sage Colleges. Her graduate work at The University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, under a National Science Foundation fellowship, focused on personality and motivation. Other interests include topics at the interface of personality and social psychology, such as the self. She’s proud of her son John, an architect. In her spare time, she enjoys music, plays, and gardening.

Found in this Section:

1. Brief Table of Contents

2. Full Table of Contents

1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction to Personality Theory

Part 1: The Psychoanalytic Perspective

Chapter 2 Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis

Chapter 3 Jung: Analytical Psychology

Part II: The Psychoanalytic-Social Perspective

Chapter 4 Adler: Individual Psychology

Chapter 5 Erikson: Psychosocial Development

Chapter 6 Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal Psychoanalytic Theory

Part III: The Trait Perspective

Chapter 7 Allport: Personological Trait Theory

Chapter 8 Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattell’s 16 Factors and the Big Five

Chapter 9 Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological Factor Theories

Part IV: The Behavioral Perspective

Chapter 10 The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller, Skinner, and Staats

Chapter 11 Kelly: Personal Construct Theory

Chapter 12 Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Chapter 13 Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Part V: The Humanistic Perspective

Chapter14 Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

Chapter 15 Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology

Chapter 16 Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture

Chapter 17 Conclusion

2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory

Personality: The Study of Individuals

Description of Personality

Personality Dynamics

Personality Development

The Scientific Approach

Methods in Personality Research

One Theory or Many? Eclecticism and the Future of Personality Theory

Summary

Part 1: The Psychoanalytic Perspective

Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Freud’s Theory

The Unconscious

Structures of the Personality

Intrapsychic Conflict

Personality Development

Psychoanalytic Treatment

Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory

Summary

Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Jung’s Theory

The Structure of Personality

Symbolism and the Collective Unconscious

Therapy

Synchronicity

Psychological Types

Summary

Part II: The Psychoanalytic-Social Perspective

Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Adler’s Theory

Striving from Inferiority toward Superiority

The Unity of Personality

The Development of Personality

Psychological Health

Interventions Based on Adler’s Theory

Summary

Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Erikson’s Theory

The Epigenetic Principle

The Psychosocial Stages

The Role of Culture in Relation to the Psychosocial Stages

Racial and Ethnic Identity

Research on Development through the Psychosocial Stages

Toward a Psychoanalytic Social Psychology

Summary

Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal Psychoanalytic Theory

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Interpersonal Psychoanalytic Theory

Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: Horney

Basic Anxiety and Basic Hostility

Three Interpersonal Orientations

Four Major Adjustments to Basic Anxiety

Secondary Adjustment Techniques

Cultural Determinants of Development

Therapy

Parental Behavior and Personality Development

The Relational Approach Within Psychoanalytic Theory

The Sense of Self in Relationships

Narcissism

Attachment in Infancy and Adulthood

Therapy

Summary

Part III: The Trait Perspective

Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Allport’s Theory

Major Themes in Allport’s Work

Allport’s Definition of Personality

Personality Traits

Personality Development

Personality and Social Phenomena

Eclecticism

Summary

Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattell’s 16 Factors and the Big Five

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Factor Analytic Trait Theories

Factor Analysis

The 16 Factor Theory: Cattell

Personality Measurement and the Prediction of Behavior

Because Personality Is Complex: A Multivariate Approach

Psychological Adjustment

Three Types of Traits

Predicting Behavior

Determinants of Personality: Heredity and Environment

The Role of Theory in Cattell’s Empirical Approach

The Big Five Factor Theory

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

Openness

A Hierarchical Model

Are the Five Factors Universal?

Various Measures of the Big Five

Factors and Other Personality Constructs

Summary

Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological Factor Theories

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Biological Theories

Evolutionary Approaches

Aggression and Dominance

Sexual Behavior

Parental Behavior

Altruism and Social Emotions

Culture

Genetics and Personality

Temperament

Emotional Arousal

Cortical Arousal

Biological Factor Theories: Eysenck, Gray, and Others

Eysenck’s "PEN" Biological Model

Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

Cloninger’s Tridimensional Model

Biological Mechanisms in Context

Summary

Part IV: The Behavioral Perspective

Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller, Skinner, and Staats

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Behavioral Theories

Psychoanalytic Learning Theory: Dollard and Miller

Learning Theory Reconceptualization of Psychoanalytic Concepts

Four Fundamental Concepts About Learning

The Learning Process

The Four Critical Training Periods of Childhood

Frustration and Aggression

Conflict

Language, Neurosis, and Psychotherapy

Suppression

Radical Behaviorism: Skinner

Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study

Learning Principles

Applications of Behavioral Techniques

Radical Behaviorism and Personality: Some Concerns

Psychological Behaviorism: Staats

Reinforcement

Basic Behavioral Repertoires

Situations

Psychological Adjustment

The Nature-Nurture Question from the Perspective of Psychological Behaviorism

The Act Frequency Approach to Personality Measurement

Contributions of Behaviorism to Personality Theory

Summary

Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Kelly’s Theory

Constructive Alternativism

The Process of Construing

The Structure of Construct Systems

The Social Embeddedness of Construing Efforts

The Role Construct Repertory (REP) Test

Cognitive Complexity

Personality Change

Therapy

Research Findings

Summary

Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Mischel’s Theory

Delay of Gratification

Personality Traits: Mischel’s Challenge

The CAPS Model

Applications of the CAPS Model of Personality

Summary

Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Bandura’s Theories

Reciprocal Determinism

Self-Regulation of Behavior: The Self-System

Self-Efficacy

Processes Influencing Learning

Observational Learning and Modeling

Therapy

The Person in the Social Environment

Summary

Part V: The Humanistic Perspective

Chapter14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Rogers’s Theory

The Actualizing Tendency

The Self

Development

Therapy

Other Applications

Criticisms of Rogers’s Theory

Summary

Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Maslow’s Theory

Need Hierarchy Theory: Maslow

Maslow’s Vision of Psychology

Hierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualization

Applications and Implications of Maslow’s Theory

Maslow’s Challenge to Traditional Science

Self-Determination Theory and Intrinsic Motivation

Positive Psychology

Positive Subjective Experience

Positive Traits

Positive Institutions

The Promise of Positive Psychology

Summary

Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture

Chapter Overview

Preview: Overview of Buddhist Psychology

The Relevance of Buddhism for Personality Psychology

A Brief History of Buddhism

The Buddhist Worldview: The Four Noble Truths

Buddhism and Personality Concepts

Spiritual Practices

Buddhism and Psychotherapy

The Importance of the Dialogue, and Some Cautions

Summary

Chapter 17: Conclusion

Chapter Overview

Choosing or Combining Theories

Theories as Metaphors

Summary

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Theories of Personality Understanding Persons

Theories of Personality Understanding Persons

0205256244

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials