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Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

by: Tov, Emanuel

Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

by: Tov, Emanuel

ISBN 13:
9780800626877
ISBN 10:
0800626877
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/01/1992
Publisher: Fortress Pr
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Summary

A wide range of readers, from beginning students to research scholars, will find this book accessible and indispensable. Tov offers extensive descriptions of the major witnesses to the text of the Hebrew Bible--the Hebrew text from Qumran, the Septuagint, the Masoretic text--as well as the Aramic Targumim, the Syriac translations, the Vulgate, and others.

Tables

xiii

Plates

Abbreviations and Notations

xix

Periodicals, Reference Works, and Serials

xxv

Short Titles and Abbreviations of Works Frequently Cited

xxix

Preface

xxxv

System of Transliteration

Introduction

(20)

The Need for the Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

(12)

Differences between the Many Textual Witnesses of the Bible

(1)

Sequence of Books

(1)

Chapter Division

(1)

The Layout of the Text

(1)

Verse Division

(1)

Single Letters and Words

(1)

Vocalization and Accentuation

(1)

The Notes of the Masorah

(2)

Mistakes, Corrections, and Changes in the Textual Witnesses, Including

(3)

In Many Details Does Not Reflect the ``Original Text'' of the Biblical Books

(1)

Differences between Inner-Biblical Parallel Texts

(2)

A Modern Approach to the Textual Criticism of the Bible

(2)

The Beginnings of the Critical Inquiry of the Biblical Text

(1)

Definitions and Concepts

(4)

Textual Witnesses of the Bible

(1)

I. Hebrew Witnesses

(100)

Proto-Masoretic Texts and the Masoretic Text

(58)

The Consonantal Framework: Proto-Masoretic Texts and

(1)

Internal Differences in the Group of

(1)

Medinhae---Maarbae

(1)

Varients in Manuscripts Reflecting Different Systems of Vocalization

(1)

Masoretic Notes

(1)

The Early Origin of the Consonantal Framework of

(1)

The Origin and Nature of

(1)

The Evolution of the Early Consonantal Text of

(1)

Background

(7)

Sources

(1)

The Value of the Differences between Medieval Manuscripts

(2)

Vocalization

(1)

Background

(3)

Systems of Vocalization

(1)

Differences between the Systems of Vocalization

(3)

The Character of the Tiberian Vocalization

(2)

Para-Textual Elements

(1)

The Division of the Text into Sections (Parashiyyot or Pisqa'ot), Verses, and Chapters

(3)

Pisqah be'emsa pasuq

(1)

Inverted Nunim

(1)

The Extraordinary Points (Puncta Extraordinaria)

(2)

Suspended Letters (Litterae Suspensae)

(1)

Special Letters

(1)

Ketib-Qere

(6)

Sebirin

(1)

Corrections of the Scribes

(3)

Omission of the Scribes

(1)

Accentuation

(5)

The Apparatus of the Masorah

(1)

Content

(2)

Masoretic Handbooks

(2)

Editions of the Masorah

(1)

Editions of

(3)

Pre-Samaritan Texts and the Samaritan Pentateuch

(20)

Background

(1)

Date and Origin

(1)

Manuscripts and Editions

(1)

The Nature of the Text

(1)

Early (Pre-Samaritan) Elements in

(1)

Harmonizing Alternations

(4)

Linguistic Corrections

(2)

Content Differences

(2)

Linguistic Differences

(1)

Samaritan Elements

(1)

Ideological Changes

(1)

Phonological Changes

(1)

Orthography

(1)

The Pre-Samaritan Texts

(3)

The Biblical Texts Found in Qumran

100

(18)

Background

101

(2)

The Evidence

103

(2)

Chronological Background

105

(2)

Publication of the Texts

107

(1)

Characterization of the Texts Written in the Qumran Practice

107

(1)

Orthography

108

(1)

Morphology

109

(1)

Contextual Adaptations

110

(1)

Scribal Practices

111

(1)

Variants in the Qumran Texts

111

(3)

The Textual Status of the Qumran Texts

114

(3)

The Contribution of the Qumran Texts to Biblical Research

117

(1)

Additional Witnesses

118

(3)

Minute Silver Rolls from Ketef Hinnom

118

(1)

The Nash Papyrus

118

(1)

Tefillin and Mezuzot from the Judean Desert

119

(1)

The Severus Scroll and R. Meir's Torah

119

(2)

Texts That Have Been Lost

121

(1)

II. The Ancient Translations

121

(258)

The Use of the Ancient Translations in Textual Criticism

121

(13)

Background

121

(3)

Exegesis

124

(1)

Linguistic Exegesis

124

(1)

Contextual Exegesis

125

(2)

Theological Exegesis

127

(1)

Midrashic Tendencies

128

(1)

Systems for the Representation of Hebrew Constructions in the Translation

128

(1)

Inner-Translational Phenomena

128

(1)

The Reconstruction of the Hebrew Source of the Translation

129

(5)

The Evidence

134

(21)

The Septuagint

134

(1)

Name

135

(1)

Scope

135

(1)

Sequence of the Books

136

(1)

The Original Form of and Its Date

136

(1)

Evidence

137

(1)

Direct Witness

137

(2)

Indirect Witnesses: Daughter Translations of

139

(1)

Editions

140

(1)

Auxiliary Tools for the Study of

141

(1)

The Importance of for Biblical Studies

142

(1)

The Revisions of the Septuagint

143

(1)

General

143

(1)

The Background of the Revisions

143

(1)

The Nature of the Revisions

144

(1)

Pre-Hexaplaric Revisions

144

(1)

Kaige-Theodotion

145

(1)

Aquila

146

(1)

Symmachus

146

(1)

Hexapla

147

(1)

Post-Hexaplaric Revisions

148

(1)

The Targumim

148

(2)

Targumim to the Torah

150

(1)

Taragum Onqelos

150

(1)

Palestinian Targumim

150

(1)

Targum to the Prophets

151

(1)

Targum to the Hagiographa

151

(1)

Peshitta

151

(2)

The Vulgate

153

(1)

The Arabic Translation of Saadia

154

(1)

The History of the Biblical Text

155

(44)

The Relation between the Textual Witnesses

155

(9)

The Relation between the Textual Witnesses in Research until 1947

155

(3)

The Relation between the Textual Witnesses in Research after 1947

158

(2)

A New Approach to the Relation between the Textual Witnesses

160

(4)

The Original Shape of the Biblical Text

164

(16)

Some Aspects of the Development of the Biblical Text

180

(19)

The History of Research

181

(6)

A New Description

187

(12)

The Copying and Transmitting of the Biblical Text

199

(88)

Background and Chronological Framework

199

(2)

The Copying of the Biblical Text

201

(31)

Materials, Shape, and Scope

201

(7)

Writing Practices

208

(1)

Word Division

208

(2)

Final Letters

210

(1)

Internal Division of the Text

210

(2)

Stichographic Arrangement

212

(1)

Scribal Marks and Procedures

213

(1)

Correction of Errors

213

(3)

Paragraphing

216

(1)

Other Markings

216

(1)

The Tetragrammaton

216

(1)

Breaking up of Words

217

(1)

Spaces between Biblical Books

217

(1)

The Script

217

(1)

Background

218

(1)

Change of Script

218

(2)

Paleo-Hebrew Script

220

(1)

Orthography

220

(1)

Background

221

(1)

Different Orthographical Practices in the Biblical Texts

222

(1)

The Orthographical Practices of the Group of

223

(1)

Comparison with External Evidence

224

(1)

Internal Analysis

224

(4)

Is There a System of Orthography in

228

(1)

Characterization of Individual Biblical Books

229

(1)

Scribal Schools

229

(1)

Tefillin and Mezuzot from the Judean Desert

230

(1)

The Column Structure of a Qumran Text

231

(1)

The Process of Textual Transmission

232

(55)

Background

233

(3)

Readings Created in the Course of the Textual Transmission

236

(1)

Minuses

236

(1)

Random Omissions

236

(1)

Haplography

237

(1)

Homoioteleuton, Homoioarcton (Parablepsis)

238

(2)

Pluses

240

(1)

Dittography

240

(1)

Doublets

241

(2)

Changes

243

(1)

Interchange of Similar Letters

243

(1)

Graphic Similarity

243

(8)

Phonetic Similarity

251

(1)

Different Conceptions of Word Division

252

(1)

Differences Involving Matres Lectionis

253

(1)

Differences Involving the Use of Final Letters

254

(1)

Vocalization

255

(1)

Quiescent' Aleph

255

(1)

Complex Variants

255

(1)

Abbreviations?

256

(2)

Differences in Sequence

258

(1)

Readings Intentionally Created by Scribes

258

(1)

Linguistic-Stylistic Changes

259

(1)

Synonymous Readings

260

(1)

Harmonizations

261

(1)

Exegetical Changes

262

(1)

Contextual Changes

263

(1)

Theological Changes

264

(11)

Additions to the Body of the Text

275

(12)

The Aim and Procedures of Textual Criticism

287

(6)

The Aim of Textual Criticism

287

(3)

The Procedures of Textual Criticism

290

(3)

The Evaluation of Readings

293

(20)

Background

293

(2)

Textual Guidelines

295

(15)

External Criteria

298

(1)

Unequal Status of Textual Sources

298

(1)

Preference for m

299

(1)

Broad Attestation

300

(1)

Age of Textual Witnesses

301

(1)

Internal Criteria

302

(1)

Lectio Difficilior Praeferenda / Praevalet / Praestat

302

(3)

Lectio Brevior / Brevis Potior

305

(2)

Assimilation to Parallel Passages (Harmonization)

307

(1)

Interpretive Modification

308

(2)

Preferable Readings

310

(3)

Textual Criticism and Literary Criticism

313

(38)

Background

313

(6)

The Evidence

319

(29)

Two Literary Strata of Jeremiah: and 4QJerb,d

319

(8)

Two Literary Strata of Joshua: and

327

(6)

Two Literary Strata of Ezekiel: and

333

(1)

Two Literary Strata in 1 Samuel 16-18: and

334

(3)

Two Parallel Editions of Proverbs: and

337

(1)

Different Chronological Systems in and in Genesis

337

(1)

Different Chronological Systems in and in Kings

338

(1)

Differences in Sequence between and

338

(2)

Different Stages of the Development of the Parallel Accounts in 2 Kings 20 and Isaiah 38

340

(2)

Different Stages of the Story in 1 Samuel 11

342

(2)

Two Literary Strata in Judges 6

344

(1)

Two Literary Strata in Deuteronomy 5

345

(1)

A Different Recension of Joshua Reflected in 4QJosha

345

(1)

Rearranged and Shorter Texts (?)

346

(1)

Minor Differences

347

(1)

Textual and Literary Evaluation of the Evidence

348

(3)

Conjectural Emendation

351

(20)

Background

351

(6)

Types of Emendations

357

(14)

Contextual Emendations

357

(4)

Linguistic Emendations

361

(1)

Grammar

361

(2)

Parallels in Cognate Languages, Especially in Ugaritic

363

(5)

Emendations for Metrical Reasons

368

(3)

Critical Editions

371

(8)

Background

371

(3)

Biblia Hebraica and Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

374

(4)

The Hebrew University Bible

378

(1)

Plates

379

(32)

Index 1: Ancient Sources

411

(24)

Index 2: Authors

435

(8)

Index 3: Subjects

443

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

9780800626877

0800626877

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible

9780800626877

0800626877

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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