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Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation

by: Fisher, Barry A. J.

Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation

by: Fisher, Barry A. J.

ISBN 13:
9780849381195
ISBN 10:
0849381193
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2000
Publisher: CRC Pr I Llc
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Summary

Examines the concepts, field-tested techniques and procedures, and technical information that constitute the backbone of crime scene investigation. Includes check-off lists, crime scene investigation processes as seen after the O.J. Simpson trial, case studies, illustrated photos, and an appendix on equipment for crime scene investigations. Previous edition: c1992.

Foreword

xiii

Preface

The Author

xvii

Prologue

xxiii

Introduction

(20)

Identification and Individualization of Physical Evidence

(5)

Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence

(5)

Important Considerations in Crime Scene Investigations

(2)

Expert Witness Tips

(2)

Teamwork

(1)

First Officer at the Crime Scene

(20)

The First Officer at the Scene

(16)

Recording the Time

(1)

Entering the Scene Proper

(1)

Protecting the Integrity of the Scene

(2)

Injured Person on the Scene

(1)

Dead Person on the Scene

(1)

Summoning the Coroner

(2)

Firearms and Ammunition on the Scene

(2)

When a Suspect is Found at the Scene

(1)

What to Do Until the Investigating Personnel Arrive

(1)

The Continued Protection of the Scene

(3)

The Crime Scene Investigator

(14)

Actual Examination of the Scene

(5)

Specialized Personnel at the Crime Scene

(20)

Health and Safety Issues at Crime Scenes

(11)

Chemical/Biological Terrorist Crime Scenes

(5)

Health and Safety Considerations for Crime Scene Personnel

(6)

Conclusion

(2)

Processing the Crime Scene

(24)

Plan of Action

(1)

Note Taking

(3)

Crime Scene Search

(4)

Crime Scene Photography

(7)

Types of Cameras

(6)

Admissibility of Photographs

(1)

Videotape

(1)

Sketching the Crime Scene

(3)

Information Included in Crime Scene Sketches

(1)

Equipment

(1)

Types of Sketches

(1)

Locating Objects in the Sketch

(1)

Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

(1)

Admissibility of Sketches

(1)

Collection of Evidence

(7)

Establishing Identity

(62)

Fingerprints and Palm Prints

(1)

How Do Fingerprints Occur?

100

(1)

Where to Look for Fingerprints

100

(23)

Different Types of Fingerprints

102

(2)

Fingerprint Developing Techniques

104

(1)

Development with Powders

105

(6)

Lasers and Alternative Light Sources

111

(2)

Image Processing

113

(1)

Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems

113

(2)

Preservation of Fingerprints

115

(1)

How Long Does a Fingerprint Remain on an Object?

116

(1)

The Effect of Temperature Conditions on the Possibility of Developing Fingerprints

117

(1)

Examination of Developed Fingerprints

117

(1)

Palm Prints

118

(1)

Packing Objects on Which Prints are Found

118

(1)

Taking Fingerprints for Elimination

118

(4)

Prints of Other Coverings

122

(1)

Handwriting Examination

123

(7)

Identification of Human Remains

130

(31)

Taking of Fingerprints

134

(4)

Photographing

138

(5)

Marks of Trades or Occupations

143

(1)

Making a Description

143

(2)

The Deceased's Clothing

145

(1)

Laundry Marks

146

(1)

Watchmaker's Marks

146

(1)

Jewelry

147

(1)

Eyeglasses

147

(1)

Teeth

148

(2)

Facial Reconstruction

150

(1)

Determination of Gender

150

(1)

Determination of Age

151

(1)

Length of Body

152

(1)

Hair Color

153

(1)

Blood Type

153

(1)

Identification in Catastrophes

153

(8)

Trace Evidence and Miscellaneous Material

161

(56)

Source of Trace Evidence

161

(7)

Clothing

161

(2)

Footwear

163

(2)

Evidence from the Body

165

(1)

Trace Metal Detection

165

(1)

Other Objects as Sources of Trace Evidence

166

(2)

Collection and Preservation of Trace Evidence

168

(1)

Examples of Trace Evidence

169

(29)

Building Materials

169

(2)

Asbestos

171

(1)

Safe Insulation

171

(1)

Paint

171

(2)

Rust

173

(1)

Metals

173

(4)

Textiles and Fibers

177

(3)

Buttons

180

(1)

Cordage and Rope

180

(2)

Cigarettes and Tobacco

182

(3)

Matches

185

(1)

Burned Paper

186

(1)

Ash

187

(1)

Soil

187

(1)

Wood

188

(3)

Plant Material

191

(1)

Glass

191

(7)

Objects Left at the Crime Scene

198

(10)

Paper

200

(1)

Articles of Clothing

200

(1)

Product Markings

200

(1)

Foodstuffs

201

(1)

Cosmetics

201

(1)

Hair

201

(4)

Feathers

205

(1)

Electrical Wire

205

(1)

Broken Tools

206

(1)

Tape

206

(2)

Headlamps

208

(1)

Computer Seizure

208

(3)

Collecting Videotape Evidence

211

(3)

Determine if There is a Videotape

211

(1)

Stop the Recorder!

211

(1)

Confiscate the Tapes Immediately, Taking the Usual Chain-of-Evidence Steps

212

(1)

Document the Video System's Physical Relationship to the Crime Scene

212

(1)

Seek Technical Assistance if Problems Occur

213

(1)

Other Trace Evidence

214

(3)

Blood and Other Biological Evidence

217

(24)

A Word of Caution

217

(1)

Blood Spatter Pattern Recognition

218

(5)

Presumptive Tests for Blood

223

(1)

Searching for Bloodstains

224

(2)

Description and Recording of Bloodstains

226

(1)

Collection and Preservation of Bloodstains

226

(1)

Removal of Bloodstains

227

(1)

Bloodstained Objects

228

(1)

Blood Typing

229

(1)

Collection of Known Specimens

229

(1)

Forensic DNA Typing

230

(2)

RFLP-Based Technology

232

(1)

PCR-Based Technology

233

(1)

Mitochondrial DNA

234

(1)

CODIS

235

(1)

Forensic DNA and Unsolved Cases

236

(1)

SWGDAM

237

(2)

The Future

239

(2)

Impression Evidence

241

(36)

Footprints

250

(11)

The Value of Footprints

251

(1)

Preservation of Footwear and Tire Impressions

252

(1)

Footprints on Floors

252

(1)

Preservation of Footwear Evidence

252

(1)

Photographing Footwear Impressions

252

(2)

Casting with Dental Stone

254

(1)

Casting Water-Filled Impressions

254

(1)

Casting Impressions in Snow

255

(1)

Preservation of Footprints (Dust Prints)

256

(1)

Taking Comparison Footprints from a Suspect

257

(2)

Comparison of Footprints

259

(2)

Marks on Clothes and of Parts of the Body

261

(3)

Fabric Marks

261

(1)

Tooth Marks

261

(1)

The Preservation of Bite Marks

262

(2)

Casting Material for Bite Mark Evidence

264

(1)

Human Skin

264

(1)

Foods

264

(1)

Tool Marks

265

(9)

Preservation of Tool Marks

265

(1)

Casting Tool Marks

266

(2)

Trace Evidence on Tools

268

(4)

Preserving a Tool

272

(1)

Fragments of Tools

273

(1)

Typed Documents

274

(3)

Firearms Examination

277

(34)

Characteristics of Firearms

277

(3)

Ammunition

280

(1)

Firearms Evidence

280

(3)

Gunshot Residue Analysis

283

(2)

Collecting Firearms Evidence

285

(6)

Handling of Firearms

291

(5)

Cartridge Cases

296

(4)

Bullets

300

(8)

Marking Bullets

300

(5)

Small Shot

305

(2)

Test Firing

307

(1)

Powder Pattern Examination

307

(1)

DrugFire and IBIS

308

(3)

Arson and Exposives Evidence

311

(26)

Physical Evidence

314

(6)

Explosives

320

(6)

Low Explosives

321

(2)

High Explosives

323

(3)

Blasting Agents

326

(1)

Military Explosives

326

(1)

Homemade Explosives

327

(2)

Bomb Scene Investigation

329

(8)

Illicit Drugs and Toxicology

337

(16)

Psychoactive Drugs

337

(7)

Central Nervous System Depressants

337

(2)

Central Nervous System Stimulants

339

(1)

Hallucinogens

339

(5)

Crime Scene Search

344

(2)

Searching a Suspect

344

(1)

Searching a Dwelling

344

(2)

Searching a Vehicle

346

(1)

Clandestine Drug Laboratories

346

(3)

Collection and Preservation of Evidence

349

(1)

Toxicology

349

(4)

Investigation of Sexual Assault and Domestic Abuse Crimes

353

(16)

Rape

353

(8)

Preliminary Interview

353

(1)

Medical Examination

354

(3)

Collection of Physical Evidence

357

(2)

Date-Rape Drugs

359

(2)

Other Sexual and Abusive Assaults

361

(7)

Sexual Child Molestation and Incest

361

(1)

Homosexual Sexual Assault

362

(1)

Elder Abuse

362

(6)

Conclusion

368

(1)

Burglary Investigation

369

(18)

Points of Entry

370

(7)

Entry Through Windows

371

(1)

Entry Through Doors

371

(4)

Entry Through Basement Windows and Skylights

375

(1)

Entry Through Roofs

375

(1)

Entry Through Walls

375

(2)

Entry Through Floors

377

(1)

Simulated Burglaries

377

(1)

Detailed Examination of the Scene

378

(2)

Safe Burglaries

380

(7)

Safe Burglaries Using Explosives

383

(4)

Motor Vehicle Investigation

387

(24)

Vehicle Theft

388

(6)

Abandoned Vehicles

394

(8)

Homicide in a Vehicle

402

(1)

Hit-and-Run Investigation

403

(5)

Marks from Vehicles

408

(3)

Wheel Marks

408

(2)

Skid Marks

410

(1)

Homicide Investigation

411

(92)

Murder, Suicide, or Accident?

412

(1)

Cause of Death

412

(11)

Suicide

413

(4)

Signs of Struggle

417

(5)

Location of Weapon

422

(1)

Examination of a Dead Body at the Crime Scene

423

(5)

Murder

425

(3)

Detailed Examination of the Scene of the Crime

428

(4)

Outdoor Crime Scenes

432

(2)

Discovering a Body Hidden at Another Location

434

(1)

Investigation of a Greatly Altered Body or Skeleton

435

(2)

The Scene of Discovery

437

(5)

Outdoors

438

(3)

Indoors

441

(1)

Packing and Transporting

442

(1)

Determining the Number of Individuals

442

(1)

Examining Remains of Clothing and Other Objects

443

(2)

Clothing

443

(1)

Boots and Shoes

444

(1)

Other Objects

444

(1)

Estimating the Time of Death

445

(3)

Postmortem Signs of Death

445

(3)

Decomposition of the Body

448

(5)

Action of Insects and Other Animals on a Dead Body

449

(1)

Other Indications of Time of Death

450

(3)

The Autopsy

453

(35)

Injuries from External Mechanical Violence

454

(2)

Injuries from Sharp External Violence

456

(3)

Marks or Damage on Clothing

459

(1)

Defense Injuries

459

(1)

Firearm Injuries

460

(1)

Bullet Injuries

461

(2)

Close and Distant Shots

463

(5)

Damage to Clothes from Shooting

468

(1)

Modes of Death from Shooting

468

(3)

Death by Suffocation

471

(10)

Death from Electric Currents

481

(1)

Violent Death in Fires

482

(1)

Death by Freezing

483

(1)

Death by Poisoning

483

(5)

Rape-Homicide, Sexual Assault Related Murders

488

(1)

Infanticide and Child Abuse

489

(2)

Trunk Murder, Dismemberment of the Body

491

(2)

Serial Murders

493

(10)

Appendix

503

(4)

Bibliography

507

(32)

Index

539

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation

Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation

9780849381195

0849381193

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation

Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation

9780849381195

0849381193

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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