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Systems Analysis and Design Methods

by: Whitten, Jeffrey; Bentley, Lonnie

Systems Analysis and Design Methods

by: Whitten, Jeffrey; Bentley, Lonnie

ISBN 13:
9780073052335
ISBN 10:
0073052337
Edition: 7th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/22/2005
Publisher: McGraw-Hill/Irwin

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Summary

Today's students want to practice the application of concepts. As with the previous editions of this book, the authors write to balance the coverage of concepts, tools, techniques, and their applications, and to provide the most examples of system analysis and design deliverables available in any book. The textbook also serves the reader as a professional reference for best current practices.

Preface

PART ONE The Context of Systems Development Projects

(154)

The Context of Systems Analysis and Design Methods

(38)

Introduction

(1)

A Framework for Systems Analysis and Design

(1)

The Players---System Stakeholders

(9)

Systems Owners

(1)

Systems Users

(3)

Systems Designers

(1)

Systems Builders

(1)

Systems Analysts

(5)

External Service Providers

(1)

The Project Manager

(1)

Business Drivers for Today's Information Systems

(6)

Globalization of the Economy

(1)

Electronic Commerce and Business

(1)

Security and Privacy

(1)

Collaboration and Partnership

(1)

Knowledge Asset Management

(1)

Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management

(1)

Business Process Redesign

(1)

Technology Drivers for Today's Information Systems

(8)

Networks and the Internet

(2)

Mobile and Wireless Technologies

(1)

Object Technologies

(1)

Collaborative Technologies

(1)

Enterprise Applications

(4)

A Simple System Development Process

(12)

System Initiation

(1)

System Analysis

(1)

System Design

(1)

System Implementation

(1)

System Support and Continuous Improvement

(9)

Information System Building Blocks

(24)

Introduction

(1)

The Product---Information Systems

(2)

A Framework for Information Systems Architecture

(12)

Knowledge Building Blocks

(4)

Process Building Blocks

(4)

Communications Building Blocks

(3)

Network Technologies and the IS Building Blocks

(8)

Information Systems Development

(52)

Introduction

(1)

The Process of Systems Development

(8)

The Capability Maturity Model

(1)

Life Cycle versus Methodology

(2)

Underlying Principles for Systems Development

(4)

A Systems Development Process

(16)

Where Do Systems Development Projects Come From?

(1)

The FAST Project Phases

(11)

Cross Life-Cycle Activities

(1)

Sequential versus Iterative Development

(3)

Alternative Routes and Strategies

(15)

The Model-Driven Development Strategy

(4)

The Rapid Application Development Strategy

(2)

The Commercial Application Package Implementation Strategy

100

(4)

Hybrid Strategies

104

(1)

System Maintenance

104

(3)

Automated Tools and Technology

107

(11)

Computer-Assisted Systems Engineering

108

(1)

Application Development Environments

109

(2)

Process and Project Managers

111

(7)

Project Management

118

(39)

Introduction

120

(1)

What Is Project Management?

120

(7)

The Causes of Failed Projects

121

(2)

The Project Management Body of Knowledge

123

(4)

The Project Management Life Cycle

127

(30)

Activity 1---Negotiate Scope

130

(1)

Activity 2---Identify Tasks

130

(2)

Activity 3---Estimate Task Durations

132

(2)

Activity 4---Specify Intertask Dependencies

134

(2)

Activity 5---Assign Resources

136

(3)

Activity 6---Direct the Team Effort

139

(1)

Activity 7---Monitor and Control Progress

140

(9)

Activity 8---Assess Project Results and Experiences

149

(8)

PART TWO Systems Analysis Methods

157

(286)

Systems Analysis

158

(48)

Introduction

160

(1)

What Is Systems Analysis?

160

(1)

Systems Analysis Approaches

161

(6)

Model-Driven Analysis Approaches

161

(2)

Accelerated Systems Analysis Approaches

163

(2)

Requirements Discovery Methods

165

(1)

Business Process Redesign Methods

166

(1)

FAST Systems Analysis Strategies

166

(1)

The Scope Definition Phase

167

(7)

Task 1.1---Identify Baseline Problems and Opportunities

169

(3)

Task 1.2---Negotiate Baseline Scope

172

(1)

Task 1.3---Assess Baseline Project Worthiness

173

(1)

Task 1.4---Develop Baseline Schedule and Budget

173

(1)

Task 1.5---Communicate the Project Plan

173

(1)

The Problem Analysis Phase

174

(11)

Task 2.1---Understand the Problem Domain

175

(5)

Task 2.2---Analyze Problems and Opportunities

180

(1)

Task 2.3---Analyze Business Processes

180

(2)

Task 2.4---Establish System Improvement Objectives

182

(1)

Task 2.5---Update or Refine the Project Plan

183

(1)

Task 2.6---Communicate Findings and Recommendations

183

(2)

The Requirements Analysis Phase

185

(4)

Task 3.1---Identify and Express System Requirements

185

(3)

Task 3.2---Prioritize System Requirements

188

(1)

Task 3.3---Update or Refine the Project Plan

188

(1)

Task 3.4---Communicate the Requirements Statement

189

(1)

Ongoing Requirements Management

189

(1)

The Logical Design Phase

189

(3)

Task 4.1a---Structure Functional Requirements

191

(1)

Task 4.1b---Prototype Functional Requirements (alternative)

192

(1)

Task 4.2---Validate Functional Requirements

192

(1)

Task 4.3---Define Acceptance Test Cases

192

(1)

The Decision Analysis Phase

192

(14)

Task 5.1---Identify Candidate Solutions

194

(1)

Task 5.2---Analyze Candidate Solutions

195

(2)

Task 5.3---Compare Candidate Solutions

197

(1)

Task 5.4---Update the Project Plan

197

(1)

Task 5.5---Recommend a System Solution

197

(9)

Fact-Finding Techniques for Requirements Discovery

206

(36)

Introduction

208

(1)

An Introduction to Requirements Discovery

208

(2)

The Process of Requirements Discovery

210

(5)

Problem Discovery and Analysis

210

(2)

Requirements Discovery

212

(1)

Documenting and Analyzing Requirements

212

(2)

Requirements Management

214

(1)

Fact-Finding Techniques

215

(19)

Sampling of Existing Documentation, Forms, and Files

215

(2)

Research and Site Visits

217

(1)

Observation of the Work Environment

218

(2)

Questionnaires

220

(2)

Interviews

222

(2)

How to Conduct an Interview

224

(4)

Discovery Prototyping

228

(1)

Joint Requirements Planning

229

(5)

A Fact-Finding Strategy

234

(8)

Modeling System Requirements With Use Cases

242

(26)

Introduction

244

(1)

An Introduction to Use-Case Modeling

244

(2)

System Concepts for Use-Case Modeling

246

(5)

Use Cases

246

(1)

Actors

247

(1)

Relationships

248

(3)

The Process of Requirements Use-Case Modeling

251

(9)

Step 1: Identify Business Actors

251

(1)

Step 2: Identify Business Requirements Use Cases

252

(2)

Step 3: Construct Use-Case Model Diagram

254

(2)

Step 4: Document Business Requirements Use-Case Narratives

256

(4)

Use Cases and Project Management

260

(8)

Ranking and Evaluating Use Cases

260

(1)

Identifying Use-Case Dependencies

261

(7)

Data Modeling and Analysis

268

(46)

Introduction

270

(1)

What Is Data Modeling?

270

(1)

System Concepts for Data Modeling

271

(12)

Entities

271

(1)

Attributes

272

(2)

Relationships

274

(9)

The Process of Logical Data Modeling

283

(5)

Strategic Data Modeling

283

(2)

Data Modeling during Systems Analysis

285

(1)

Looking Ahead to Systems Design

286

(1)

Automated Tools for Data Modeling

286

(2)

How to Construct Data Models

288

(10)

Entity Discovery

289

(1)

The Context Data Model

290

(2)

The Key-Based Data Model

292

(3)

Generalized Hierarchies

295

(1)

The Fully Attributed Data Model

295

(3)

Analyzing the Data Model

298

(8)

What Is a Good Data Model?

298

(1)

Data Analysis

299

(1)

Normalization Example

299

(7)

Mapping Data Requirements to Locations

306

(8)

Process Modeling

314

(54)

Introduction

316

(1)

An Introduction to Process Modeling

316

(3)

System Concepts for Process Modeling

319

(15)

External Agents

319

(1)

Data Stores

319

(2)

Process Concepts

321

(4)

Data Flows

325

(9)

The Process of Logical Process Modeling

334

(4)

Strategic Systems Planning

334

(1)

Process Modeling for Business Process Redesign

334

(1)

Process Modeling during Systems Analysis

335

(2)

Looking Ahead to Systems Design

337

(1)

Fact-Finding and Information Gathering for Process Modeling

337

(1)

Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) for Process Modeling

337

(1)

How to Construct Process Models

338

(21)

The Context Data Flow Diagram

338

(1)

The Functional Decomposition Diagram

339

(2)

The Event-Response or Use-Case List

341

(1)

Event Decomposition Diagrams

342

(3)

Event Diagrams

345

(2)

The System Diagram(s)

347

(2)

Primitive Diagrams

349

(1)

Completing the Specification

349

(10)

Synchronizing of System Models

359

(9)

Data and Process Model Synchronization

359

(1)

Process Distribution

360

(8)

Object-Oriented Analysis and Modeling Using the UML

368

(44)

An Introduction to Object-Oriented Modeling

370

(1)

History of Object Modeling

370

(1)

System Concepts for Object Modeling

371

(10)

Objects, Attributes, Methods, and Encapsulation

371

(2)

Classes, Generalization, and Specialization

373

(3)

Object/Class Relationships

376

(2)

Messages and Message Sending

378

(2)

Polymorphism

380

(1)

The UML Diagrams

381

(2)

The Process of Object Modeling

383

(29)

Modeling the Functional Description of the System

383

(1)

Constructing the Analysis Use-Case Model

383

(7)

Modeling the Use-Case Activities

390

(4)

Guidelines for Constructing Activity Diagrams

394

(1)

Drawing System Sequence Diagrams

394

(1)

Guidelines for Constructing System Sequence Diagrams

395

(1)

Finding and Identifying the Business Objects

396

(4)

Organizing the Objects and Identifying Their Relationships

400

(12)

Feasibility Analysis and the System Proposal

412

(31)

Introduction

414

(1)

Feasibility Analysis and the System Proposal

414

(3)

Feasibility Analysis---A Creeping Commitment Approach

414

(2)

Systems Analysis---Scope Definition Checkpoint

416

(1)

Systems Analysis---Problem Analysis Checkpoint

416

(1)

Systems Design---Decision Analysis Checkpoint

416

(1)

Six Tests for Feasibility

417

(2)

Operational Feasibility

417

(1)

Cultural (or Political) Feasibility

417

(1)

Technical Feasibility

418

(1)

Schedule Feasibility

418

(1)

Economic Feasibility

419

(1)

Legal Feasibility

419

(1)

The Bottom Line

419

(1)

Cost-Benefit Analysis Techniques

419

(7)

How Much Will the System Cost?

419

(1)

What Benefits Will the System Provide?

420

(2)

Is the Proposed System Cost-Effective?

422

(4)

Feasibility Analysis of Candidate Systems

426

(5)

Candidate Systems Matrix

426

(3)

Feasibility Analysis Matrix

429

(2)

The System Proposal

431

(12)

Written Report

431

(2)

Formal Presentation

433

(10)

PART THREE Systems Design Methods

443

(238)

Systems Design

444

(30)

Introduction

446

(1)

What Is Systems Design?

446

(1)

Systems Design Approaches

446

(7)

Model-Driven Approaches

447

(4)

Rapid Application Development

451

(2)

FAST Systems Design Strategies

453

(1)

Systems Design for In-House Development---The ``Build'' Solution

453

(7)

Task 5.1---Design the Application Architecture

453

(4)

Task 5.2---Design the System Database(s)

457

(1)

Task 5.3---Design the System Interface

457

(2)

Task 5.4---Package Design Specifications

459

(1)

Task 5.5---Update the Project Plan

460

(1)

Systems Design for Integrating Commercial Software---The ``Buy'' Solution

460

(14)

Task 4.1---Research Technical Criteria and Options

462

(1)

Task 4.2---Solicit Proposals or Quotes from Vendors

462

(3)

Task 5A.1---Validate Vendor Claims and Performances

465

(1)

Task 5A.2---Evaluate and Rank Vendor Proposals

465

(1)

Task 5A.3---Award (or Let) Contract and Debrief Vendors

466

(1)

Impact of Buy Decision on Remaining Life-Cycle Phases

466

(8)

Application Architecture and Modeling

474

(42)

Introduction

476

(1)

Application Architecture

476

(1)

Physical Data Flow Diagrams

477

(6)

Physical Processes

477

(4)

Physical Data Flows

481

(1)

Physical External Agents

481

(1)

Physical Data Stores

481

(2)

Information Technology Architecture

483

(19)

Distributed Systems

484

(10)

Data Architectures---Distributed Relational Databases

494

(1)

Interface Architectures---Inputs, Outputs, and Middleware

495

(5)

Process Architectures---The Software Development Environment

500

(2)

Application Architecture Strategies for Systems Design

502

(1)

The Enterprise Application Architecture Strategy

502

(1)

The Tactical Application Architecture Strategy

503

(1)

Modeling the Application Architecture of an Information System

503

(13)

Drawing Physical Data Flow Diagrams

504

(1)

Prerequisites

504

(1)

The Network Architecture

505

(1)

Data Distribution and Technology Assignments

506

(1)

Process Distribution and Technology Assignments

507

(3)

The Person/Machine Boundaries

510

(6)

Database Design

516

(32)

Introduction

518

(1)

Conventional Files versus the Database

518

(2)

The Pros and Cons of Conventional Files

518

(2)

The Pros and Cons of Databases

520

(1)

Database Concepts for the Systems Analyst

520

(8)

Fields

521

(1)

Records

521

(1)

Files and Tables

522

(1)

Databases

523

(5)

Prerequisite for Database Design---Normalization

528

(1)

Conventional File Design

529

(1)

Modern Database Design

529

(19)

Goals and Prerequisites to Database Design

530

(1)

The Database Schema

530

(5)

Data and Referential Integrity

535

(3)

Roles

538

(1)

Database Distribution and Replication

538

(1)

Database Prototypes

539

(1)

Database Capacity Planning

539

(1)

Database Structure Generation

539

(9)

Output Design and Prototyping

548

(32)

Introduction

550

(1)

Output Design Concepts and Guidelines

550

(8)

Distribution and Audience of Outputs

550

(3)

Implementation Methods for Outputs

553

(5)

How to Design and Prototype Outputs

558

(22)

Automated Tools for Output Design and Prototyping

558

(1)

Output Design Guidelines

559

(3)

The Output Design Process

562

(8)

Web-Based Outputs and E-Business

570

(10)

Input Design and Prototyping

580

(32)

Introduction

582

(1)

Input Design Concepts and Guidelines

582

(8)

Data Capture, Data Entry, and Data Processing

582

(3)

Input Methods and Implementation

585

(2)

System User Issues for Input Design

587

(2)

Internal Controls---Data Editing for Inputs

589

(1)

GUI Controls for Input Design

590

(8)

Common GUI Controls for Inputs

592

(4)

Advanced Input Controls

596

(2)

How to Design and Prototype Inputs

598

(14)

Automated Tools for Input Design and Prototyping

598

(1)

The Input Design Process

599

(6)

Web-Based Inputs and E-Business

605

(7)

User Interface Design

612

(34)

Introduction

614

(1)

User Interface Design Concepts and Guidelines

614

(4)

Types of Computer Users

614

(1)

Human Factors

615

(1)

Human Engineering Guidelines

616

(1)

Dialogue Tone and Terminology

617

(1)

User Interface Technology

618

(1)

Operating Systems and Web Browsers

618

(1)

Display Monitor

618

(1)

Keyboards and Pointers

619

(1)

Graphical User Interface Styles and Considerations

619

(14)

Windows and Frames

620

(1)

Menu-Driven Interfaces

620

(7)

Instruction-Driven Interfaces

627

(2)

Question-Answer Dialogues

629

(1)

Special Considerations for User Interface Design

629

(4)

How to Design and Prototype a User Interface

633

(13)

Automated Tools for User Interface Design and Prototyping

634

(1)

The User Interface Design Process

635

(11)

Object-Oriented Design and Modeling Using the UML

646

(35)

Introduction

648

(1)

The Design of an Object-Oriented System

648

(3)

Entity Classes

648

(1)

Interface Classes

648

(1)

Control Classes

649

(1)

Persistence Classes

649

(1)

System Classes

649

(1)

Design Relationships

650

(1)

Attribute and Method Visibility

650

(1)

Object Responsibilities

651

(1)

The Process of Object Design

651

(15)

Refining the Use-Case Model

651

(5)

Modeling Class Interactions, Behaviors, and States That Support the Use-Case Scenario

656

(9)

Updating the Object Model to Reflect the Implementation Environment

665

(1)

Object Reusability and Design Patterns

666

(2)

Design Patterns

668

(3)

The Strategy Pattern

669

(1)

The Adapter Pattern

670

(1)

Object Frameworks and Components

671

(1)

Additional UML Design and Implementation Diagrams

671

(10)

PART FOUR Beyond Systems Analysis and Design

681

(39)

Systems Construction and Implementation

682

(18)

Introduction

684

(1)

What Is Systems Construction and Implementation?

684

(1)

The Construction Phase

684

(5)

Task 6.1---Build and Test Networks (if Necessary)

684

(3)

Task 6.2---Build and Test Databases

687

(1)

Task 6.3---Install and Test New Software Packages (if Necessary)

687

(1)

Task 6.4---Write and Test New Programs

688

(1)

The Implementation Phase

689

(11)

Task 7.1---Conduct System Test

689

(1)

Task 7.2---Prepare Conversion Plan

689

(3)

Task 7.3---Install Databases

692

(1)

Task 7.4---Train Users

693

(1)

Task 7.5---Convert to New System

694

(6)

Systems Operations and Support

700

(20)

Introduction

702

(1)

The Context of Systems Operation and Support

702

(4)

System Maintenance

706

(3)

Task 8.1.1---Validate the Problem

706

(1)

Task 8.1.2---Benchmark Program

707

(1)

Task 8.1.3---Study and Debug the Program

708

(1)

Task 8.1.4---Test the Program

709

(1)

System Recovery

709

(1)

Technical Support

710

(1)

System Enhancement

710

(4)

Task 8.4.1---Analyze Enhancement Request

712

(1)

Task 8.4.2---Make the Quick Fix

712

(1)

Task 8.4.3---Recover Existing Physical System

713

(1)

System Obsolescence

714

(6)

Photo Credits

720

(1)

Glossary/Index

721

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Systems Analysis and Design Methods

Systems Analysis and Design Methods

9780073052335

0073052337

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Systems Analysis and Design Methods

Systems Analysis and Design Methods

9780073052335

0073052337

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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