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Students with Learning Disabilities

by: Mercer, Cecil D.; Pullen, Paige C.

Students with Learning Disabilities

by: Mercer, Cecil D.; Pullen, Paige C.

ISBN 13:
9780131115392
ISBN 10:
0131115391
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2005
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Summary

For courses in Learning Disabilities. The new edition of this popular text offers comprehensive coverage of all of the varying theories and practices in the field educational, medical, and psychological incorporating assessment, definition, characteristics, and strategies. A balanced treatment about the characteristics, definitions, causes, and controversies of learning disabilities, each researched-based topic is clearly designed to support both diagnosis and intervention. Throughout the text, best practices have been identified through thorough research and practical examples.

Part One Foundations of Learning Disabilities

(92)

History, Definitions, and Characteristics

(32)

Understanding Learning Disabilities---A Historical Perspective

(7)

Foundation Period (1800--1960)

(1)

Emergent Period (1961--1974)

(2)

Solidification Period (1975--1987)

(1)

Turbulent Period (1988-present)

(1)

Legislation

(1)

Service Delivery

(1)

Definition

(8)

Definitions of Learning Disability

(4)

National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities Definition

(2)

Perspectives on Learning Disabilities Definitions

(1)

Commentary on Learning Disabilities Definitions

(1)

Characteristics of Learning Disabilities

(9)

Specific Characteristics

(3)

Heterogeneity of Learning Disabilities

(2)

Prevalence of Learning Disabilities

(2)

Gender Differences

(1)

Learning Disabilities Across Cultures

(1)

Perspective

(6)

Medical Aspects

(34)

Neurology and Learning Disabilities

(8)

Central Nervous System Structure and Function

(4)

Neurobiological Origins of Central Nervous System Dysfunction

(4)

Etiological Perspectives

(6)

Acquired Trauma

(3)

Genetic/Hereditary Influences

(1)

Environmental Influences

(1)

Biochemical Abnormalities

(1)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

(6)

Current Definitions of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

(1)

Characteristic of Students with ADHD

(2)

Etiology of ADHD

(1)

IDEA and ADHD

(1)

Prevalence and Assessment of ADHD

(1)

Treatment for ADHD

(1)

Pharmacological Treatment

(1)

Guidelines

(1)

Controversial Approaches to Treatment

(2)

Medical Specialists

(4)

Pediatric Neurologist

(3)

Otologist and Audiologist

(1)

Ophthalmologist and Optometrist

(1)

Perspective

(5)

The Family and Learning Disabilities

(25)

Parental Adjustment

(4)

Awareness and Recognition of a Problem

(2)

Search for a Cause and a Cure

(1)

Acceptance of the Child

(1)

Role of the Family and the School

(6)

Schools Helping Families

(1)

Family's Role at Home

(4)

The Parent-Teacher Partnership

(5)

Establishing Cooperation

(2)

Culturally Responsive Relationships

(1)

Parent-Teacher Conferences

(1)

Reporting Student Progress

(1)

Parent Advocacy and Parent Rights

(2)

Perspective

(6)

Part Two Assessment and Services

(260)

Assessment

(38)

Purposes of Assessment

(2)

Types of Assessment

(6)

Formal Evaluation

(1)

Tests of Intelligence

(1)

Informal Evaluation

(1)

Informal Assessment Measures

(4)

Testing Guidelines

103

(2)

Guidelines for Assessing Culturally Diverse Students

103

(1)

Guidelines for Testing Accommodations

104

(1)

The Law and Its Relationship to Assessment

105

(2)

The Challenge of Assessment in Learning Disabilities

105

(2)

The Assessment Process in Learning Disabilities

107

(11)

Prereferral

107

(1)

Referral

108

(1)

Assessment for Identification

108

(2)

Assessing Specific Components of a Learning Disability

110

(3)

Practices in Determining Discrepancy

113

(5)

Assessment for Instruction

118

(9)

Assessment for What to Teach

118

(2)

Assessment for How to Teach

120

(2)

Individualized Educational Program

122

(5)

Perspective

127

(5)

Early Identification and Intervention

132

(26)

Support for Early Childhood Education

133

(2)

Legislative Support

135

(2)

Early Identification

137

(10)

Issues in Early Identification

137

(3)

Prediction Research in Early Identification

140

(3)

Perspectives and Guidelines from Prediction Studies

143

(2)

Practices in Early Identification

145

(2)

Providing Early Intervention Services

147

(8)

Service Delivery Options

147

(2)

Curriculum Models

149

(2)

Effective Practices in Early Intervention

151

(1)

Guidelines for Early Intervention

152

(3)

Commercial Early Childhood Education Programs

155

(1)

Perspective

155

(3)

Adolescents and Adults with Learning Disabilities

158

(50)

Demands Placed on Adolescents

160

(4)

School Demands

161

(3)

Characteristics of Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

164

(4)

Academic Deficits

164

(1)

Cognitive and Metacognitive Deficits

165

(1)

Social Interaction Deficits

166

(1)

Motivation Deficits

167

(1)

Challenges in Secondary Programming

168

(5)

Program Services

168

(1)

Premises of Secondary Programs

169

(1)

General Curriculum Alternatives

170

(1)

Types of Intervention

171

(2)

Secondary Programming Models

173

(2)

Supportive and Alternative Curriculum Approaches

175

(9)

Motivation

175

(3)

Social Development

178

(1)

Academic Remediation

178

(1)

Learning Strategies

179

(2)

Functional Living Skills

181

(1)

Career-Related Instruction

182

(1)

Transitions from Secondary Settings

183

(1)

Instructional Procedures

184

(9)

Acquisition and Generalization of Skills and Strategies

184

(4)

Acquisition and Generalization of Secondary Content

188

(4)

Collaboration with General Classroom Teachers

192

(1)

Adults with Learning Disabilities

193

(8)

Young Adults

194

(2)

College Students with Learning Disabilities

196

(3)

General Adulthood

199

(2)

Perspective

201

(7)

Educational Services

208

(42)

Selection of Special Education Services

210

(1)

Least Restrictive Environment and Mainstreaming

210

(1)

Educational Service Provisions and Related Practices

210

(12)

The General Education Class

213

(5)

The Part- and Full-Time Special Class

218

(1)

The Special School

219

(1)

Reintegration of Students

220

(2)

Movement from Mainstreaming to Inclusion

222

(12)

The Regular Education Initiative

223

(1)

The Inclusion Movement

224

(1)

Rationale for Inclusion

225

(1)

Rationale for Continuum of Alternative Placements

226

(1)

Research on the Inclusion Versus Continuum of Alternative Placement Issue

227

(5)

Perspective on the Movement from Mainstreaming to Inclusion

232

(2)

Program Factors and Least Restrictive Environment

234

(10)

Teachers Teaching Teachers

235

(7)

The Learning Disabilities Teacher

242

(1)

Students Teaching Students

243

(1)

Limited Teacher-Engagement Instruction

244

(1)

Perspective

244

(6)

Learning and Teaching Theories

250

(60)

The Behavioral Approach

252

(1)

Direct Instruction

253

(4)

Academic Focus

254

(1)

Unit of Instruction

255

(1)

Sequence of Academic Skills

256

(1)

Data-Based Instruction

257

(13)

Using Curriculum-Based Measurement to Establish Performance Standards

257

(3)

Individually Referenced Data Systems

260

(9)

Commentary on Data-Based Instruction

269

(1)

Stages of Learning

270

(4)

Acquisition Stage

272

(1)

Proficiency Stage

272

(1)

Maintenance Stage

272

(1)

Generalization Stage

272

(1)

Adaption Stage

273

(1)

Commentary on Learning Stages

273

(1)

Learning Principles

274

(1)

Perspective on the Behavioral Approach

274

(1)

The Cognitive Approach

275

(2)

Specific Abilities Approach

277

(1)

Developmental Approach

278

(1)

Information-Processing Approach

279

(12)

Components of Information-Processing Models

280

(8)

Information-Processing Theory and Learning Disabilities

288

(2)

Implications for Use of Information-Processing Theory

290

(1)

Teaching Methods for Cognitive Disabilities

291

(10)

Translation of Information-Processing Theory into Practice

292

(1)

Instructional Paradigms

293

(4)

Integration of Paradigms

297

(4)

Perspective

301

(9)

Teaching Practices

310

(43)

Planning Activities

314

(25)

Develop Empowering Beliefs About Teaching

315

(2)

Consider Instructional Variables Related to Student Learning

317

(6)

Consider the Curriculum

323

(3)

Consider Instructional Arrangements

326

(11)

Consider Learner Variables

337

(2)

Interactive Teaching Activities

339

(5)

Focus on Teaching Competencies

339

(5)

Follow a Lesson Planning Format

344

(1)

Postinstructional Activities

344

(2)

Reflect About Teaching and Collaborating with Others

346

(1)

Perspective

346

(7)

Part Three Specific Learning Disorders

353

(238)

Oral Communication: Speech and Language

354

(32)

Definition and Prevalence

356

(2)

Theories of Language Acquisition

358

(1)

Approaches to Language Disorders

358

(3)

Etiological-Categorical Approach

359

(1)

Descriptive-Developmental Approach

360

(1)

Components of Language

361

(6)

Form: Phonology

362

(2)

Form: Morphology

364

(1)

Form: Syntax

364

(1)

Content: Semantics

365

(1)

Use: Pragmatics

366

(1)

Language Difficulties Across Age Groups

367

(3)

Preschool and Kindergarten Students

367

(1)

Elementary Students

368

(1)

Secondary Students

369

(1)

Bilingual and Culturally Diverse Students

370

(2)

Assessment of Language Skills

372

(3)

Formal Language Assessment

373

(1)

Informal Language Assessment

374

(1)

Language Service Delivery Models

375

(2)

Pullout Model

375

(1)

Classroom-Based Model

376

(1)

Strategies-Based Model

376

(1)

Language Teaching Strategies

377

(5)

Strategies for Increasing Language Comprehension and Production for Children with Learning Disabilities

378

(2)

Imitation and Modeling Strategies

380

(2)

Commercial Language Programs

382

(1)

Perspective

382

(4)

Reading

386

(46)

Dyslexia

389

(1)

Causes of Dyslexia

389

(2)

Phonological Deficit

389

(1)

Naming-Speed Deficit

390

(1)

Orthographic Deficit

390

(1)

Organization of Reading Skills

391

(3)

Development of Reading Skills

394

(4)

Stage 0: Prereading

395

(1)

Stage 1: Initial Reading or Decoding

395

(1)

Stage 2: Confirmation, Fluency, and Ungluing from Print

396

(1)

Stage 3: Reading for Learning the New

396

(1)

Stage 4: Multiple Viewpoints

397

(1)

Stage 5: Construction and Reconstruction

397

(1)

Assessment of Reading Skills

398

(8)

Standardized Tests

398

(1)

Criterion-Referenced Tests

399

(1)

Informal Assessment

399

(7)

Consensus Documents on Reading Research

406

(3)

Phonemic Awareness

407

(1)

Phonics

407

(1)

Fluency

408

(1)

Vocabulary Instruction

408

(1)

Comprehension

408

(1)

Teaching Reading Skills

409

(1)

Developmental Reading Approaches

410

(6)

Basal Reading Approach

410

(2)

Phonics Approach

412

(1)

Whole Language Approach

412

(4)

Remedial Reading Programs and Methods

416

(5)

Reading Mastery and the Corrective Reading Program

416

(1)

Phonological Awareness Training

417

(2)

Multisensory Reading Method

419

(1)

Neurological Impress Method

420

(1)

Teaching Strategies in Reading

421

(3)

Keyword Method

421

(1)

Reciprocal Teaching

422

(1)

Mapping Strategies

423

(1)

Reading and Study Skills for Adolescents

424

(3)

Reading Rate

424

(1)

Study Skills

425

(1)

Learning Strategies

426

(1)

Commercial Reading Programs

427

(1)

Perspective

427

(5)

Written Communication: Handwriting, Spelling, and Written Expression

432

(48)

Handwriting Problems

434

(1)

Assessment of Handwriting Skills

435

(3)

Informal Assessment Techniques

436

(2)

Teaching Handwriting Skills

438

(7)

Readiness Skills

439

(2)

Manuscript Writing

441

(2)

Transitional Writing

443

(1)

Cursive Writing

444

(1)

Commercial Handwriting Programs and Software

445

(1)

Development of Spelling Skills

446

(1)

Assessment of Spelling Skills

447

(4)

Standardized and Criterion-Referenced Tests

448

(1)

Informal Assessment Techniques

448

(3)

Teaching Spelling Skills

451

(7)

Rule-Based Instruction

452

(1)

Multisensory Approach

453

(2)

Test-Study-Test Technique

455

(1)

Fixed and Flow Word Lists

456

(1)

Additional Considerations

457

(1)

Commercial Spelling Programs

458

(1)

Written Expression Skills

459

(1)

Assessment of Written Expression Skills

459

(7)

Standardized and Criterion-Referenced Tests

460

(1)

Informal Assessment Techniques

460

(6)

Teaching Written Expression Skills

466

(8)

Commercial Written Expression Programs

474

(1)

Computer Software Programs in Written Expression

474

(1)

Perspective

474

(6)

Mathematics

480

(58)

Development of Math Skills

484

(3)

Readiness for Number Instruction

485

(1)

Readiness for More Advanced Mathematics

486

(1)

Math Disabilities

487

(6)

Specific Learning Disabilities in Math

487

(5)

Perspectives on Math Disabilities

492

(1)

Assessment of Math Skills

493

(17)

Examining Math Errors

494

(3)

Determining Level of Understanding

497

(1)

Determining Mastery Learning

498

(1)

Formal Math Assessment with Standardized Tests

499

(1)

Formal Math Assessment with Criterion-Referenced Tests

499

(1)

Informal Math Assessment

500

(10)

Research on Effective Math Instruction

510

(12)

Selecting Appropriate Mathematics Content

510

(2)

Teaching the Acquisition of Math

512

(6)

Teaching Mastery

518

(1)

Teaching Problem Solving

519

(1)

Teaching Generalization

520

(1)

Promoting a Positive Attitude Toward Math

521

(1)

Specific Math Interventions and Activities

522

(9)

Concrete-Semiconcrete-Abstract Activities

522

(3)

Selected Low-Stress Algorithms

525

(2)

Problem-Solving Interventions

527

(3)

Calculators

530

(1)

Commercial Math Programs

531

(1)

Perspective

531

(7)

Social and Emotional Behavior

538

(53)

Social Development

540

(5)

Social Skills

540

(2)

Social Acceptance

542

(2)

Social Competence

544

(1)

Emotional Development

545

(4)

Self-Concept

545

(1)

Motivation

546

(1)

Anxiety

547

(1)

Loneliness

547

(1)

Depression and Suicide

547

(1)

Temperament and Resiliency

548

(1)

Behavior Development

549

(4)

Adaptive Behavior

549

(1)

Disruptive Behavior

550

(1)

Hyperactivity

550

(1)

Inattention and Distractibility

551

(1)

Impulsivity

552

(1)

Substance Abuse

552

(1)

Etiology of Social and Emotional Behavior Problems

553

(2)

Primary Cause

553

(1)

Secondary Cause

554

(1)

Social Learning Theory

554

(1)

Causes and Treatments

554

(1)

Assessment of Social and Emotional Behavior

555

(9)

Commercial Observer-Rater Instruments

555

(1)

Commercial Measures of Adaptive Behavior

556

(1)

Self-Report Instruments

556

(2)

Sociometric Techniques

558

(3)

Naturalistion Observations

561

(3)

Perspective on Assessment

564

(1)

General Techniques for Promoting Social, Emotional, and Behavior Development

564

(12)

Teach for Success

564

(1)

Focus on Promoting Proactivity

565

(2)

Promote Cooperation

567

(1)

Teach Self-Management

568

(1)

Model Target Behaviors and Attributes

569

(1)

Focus on Motivation Through Behavior Modification

570

(6)

Specific Techniques for Promoting Social Development

576

(2)

Social Skills Training

577

(1)

Specific Techniques for Promoting Emotional Development

578

(4)

Bibliotherapy

578

(1)

Attribution Retraining

579

(1)

Life-Space Interviewing

580

(1)

Techniques for Improving Mood States

581

(1)

Techniques for Promoting Behavior Development

582

(1)

Commercial Programs for Social and Emotional Behavior

582

(1)

Perspective

583

(8)

Name Index

591

(10)

Subject Index

601

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with Learning Disabilities

9780131115392

0131115391

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with Learning Disabilities

9780131115392

0131115391

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

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