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Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

by: Gravetter, Frederick J; Wallnau, Larry B.

Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

by: Gravetter, Frederick J; Wallnau, Larry B.

ISBN 13:
9780534359263
ISBN 10:
0534359264
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 08/02/1999
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Master statistics with STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES! With straightforward instruction, built-in learning aids, and real world examples, this psychology text provides you with the tools you need to succeed. You will have numerous opportunities to practice statistical techniques through learning checks, examples, demonstrations, and problems. Exam preparation is made easy with a student companion website that provides tutorials, crossword puzzles, flashcards, learning objectives, and more!

Preface

PART ONE INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

(147)

Introduction to Statistics

(36)

Statistics, Science, and Observations

(1)

Populations and Samples

(6)

The Scientific Method and the Design of Research Studies

(10)

Scales of Measurement

(3)

Discrete and Continuous Variables

(2)

Statistical Notation

(5)

Summary

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

(1)

Demonstration 1.1 and 1.2

(3)

Problems

(3)

Frequency Distributions

(35)

Overview

(1)

Frequency Distribution Tables

(7)

Frequency Distribution Graphs

(5)

The Shape of a Frequency Distribution

(2)

Percentiles, Percentile Ranks, and Interpolation

(7)

Stem and Leaf Displays

(3)

Summary

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

(1)

Demonstration 2.1 and 2.2

(2)

Problems

(5)

Central Tendency

(37)

Overview

(2)

The Mean

(10)

The Median

(5)

The Mode

(3)

Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency

(7)

Central Tendency and the Shape of the Distribution

102

(2)

Summary

104

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

105

(1)

Demonstrations 3.1 and 3.2

106

(1)

Problems

107

(4)

Variability

111

(37)

Overview

112

(1)

The Range

113

(2)

The Interquartile Range and Semi-Intequartile Range

115

(2)

Standard Deviation and Variance for a Population

117

(8)

Standard Deviation and Variance for Samples

125

(7)

Properties of the Standard Deviation

132

(3)

Comparing Measures of Variability

135

(2)

The Role of Variability in Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

137

(3)

Summary

140

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

141

(1)

Demonstration 4.1

142

(1)

Problems

143

(5)

PART TWO FOUNDATIONS OF INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

148

(90)

z-Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized Distributions

150

(22)

Introduction to z-Scores

151

(2)

z-Scores and Location in a Distribution

153

(5)

Using z-Scores to Standardize a Distribution

158

(5)

Other Standardized Distributions Based on z-Scores

163

(3)

Summary

166

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

167

(1)

Demonstrations 5.1 and 5.2

167

(2)

Problems

169

(3)

Probability

172

(40)

Overview

173

(1)

Introduction to Probability

174

(6)

Probability and the Normal Distribution

180

(13)

Percentiles and Percentile Ranks

193

(5)

Probability and the Binomial Distribution

198

(6)

Summary

204

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

205

(1)

Demonstrations 6.1 and 6.2

206

(3)

Problems

209

(3)

Probability and Samples: The Distribution of Sample Means

212

(26)

Overview

213

(1)

The Distribution of Sample Means

214

(6)

Probability and the Distribution of Sample Means

220

(4)

More About Standard Error

224

(7)

Summary

231

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

232

(1)

Demonstration 7.1

233

(1)

Problems

234

(4)

PART THREE INFERENCES ABOUT MEANUS AND MEAN DIFFERENCES

238

(284)

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

242

(43)

The Logic of Hypothesis Testing

243

(10)

Uncertainty and Errors in Hypothesis Testing

253

(4)

An Example of a Hypothesis Test

257

(7)

Directional (One-Tailed) Hypothesis Tests

264

(5)

The General Elements of Hypothesis Testing: A Review

269

(8)

Summary

277

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

278

(1)

Demonstration 8.1

279

(2)

Problems

281

(4)

Introduction to the t Statistic

285

(25)

Overview

286

(1)

The t Statistic---A Substitute for z

287

(6)

Hypothesis Tests with the t Statistic

293

(11)

Summary

304

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

304

(1)

Demonstration 9.1

305

(2)

Problems

307

(3)

Hypothesis Tests with Two Independent Samples

310

(28)

Overview

311

(2)

The t Statistic for an Independent-Measures Research Design

313

(6)

Hypothesis Tests with the Independent-Measures t Statistic

319

(9)

Assumptions Underlying the Independent-Measures t Formula

328

(2)

Summary

330

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

330

(1)

Demonstration 10.1

331

(2)

Problems

333

(5)

Hypothesis Tests with Related Samples

338

(27)

Overview

339

(2)

The t Statistic for Related Samples

341

(4)

Hypothesis Tests for the Repeated-Measures Design

345

(5)

Hypothesis Testing with a Matched-Subjects Design

350

(2)

Uses and Assumptions for Related-Samples t Tests

352

(4)

Summary

356

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

356

(1)

Demonstration 11.1

357

(2)

Problems

359

(6)

Estimation

365

(30)

An Overview of Estimation

366

(6)

Estimation with the z-Score

372

(6)

Estimation with the t Statistic

378

(6)

Factors Affecting the Width of a Confidence Interval

384

(3)

Summary

387

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

388

(1)

Demonstrations 12.1 and 12.2

388

(4)

Problems

392

(3)

Introduction to Analysis of Variance

395

(47)

Introduction

397

(4)

The Logic of Analysis of Variance

401

(4)

ANOVA Vocabulary, Notation, and Formulas

405

(8)

The Distribution of F-Ratios

413

(2)

Examples of Hypothesis Testing with ANOVA

415

(10)

Post Hoc Tests

425

(4)

The Relationship Between ANOVA and t Tests

429

(2)

Summary

431

(2)

Focus on Problem Solving

433

(1)

Demonstration 13.1

434

(3)

Problems

437

(5)

Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

442

(34)

Overview

443

(6)

Notation and Formulas for Repeated-Measures ANOVA

449

(9)

Testing Hypothesis with the Repeated-Measures ANOVA

458

(4)

Advantages of the Repeated-Measures Design

462

(2)

Assumptions of the Repeated-Measures ANOVA

464

(2)

Summary

466

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

467

(1)

Demonstration 14.1

468

(3)

Problems

471

(5)

Two-Factor Analysis of Variance (Independent Measures)

476

(46)

Overview

478

(1)

Main Effects and Interactions

479

(9)

Notation and Formulas

488

(7)

Examples of the Two-Factor ANOVA

495

(12)

Assumptions for the Two-Factor ANOVA

507

(1)

Summary

507

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

508

(1)

Demonstration 15.1

509

(6)

Problems

515

(7)

PART FOUR CORRELATIONS AND NONPARAMETRIC TESTS

522

(145)

Correlation and Regression

525

(56)

Overview

526

(5)

The Pearson Correlation

531

(5)

Understanding and Interpreting the Pearson Correlation

536

(4)

Hypothesis Tests with the Pearson Correlation

540

(5)

The Spearman Correlation

545

(7)

Other Measures of Relationship

552

(4)

Introduction to Regression

556

(12)

Summary

568

(2)

Focus on Problem Solving

570

(1)

Demonstration 16.1 and 16.2

571

(3)

Problems

574

(7)

The Chi-Square Statistic: Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence

581

(38)

Parametric and Non-Parametric Statistical Tests

582

(1)

The Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit

583

(11)

The Chi-Square Test for Independence

594

(10)

Assumptions and Restrictions for Chi-Square Tests

604

(1)

Special Applications of the Chi-Square Tests

605

(4)

Summary

609

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

610

(1)

Demonstration 17.1

611

(2)

Problems

613

(6)

The Binomial Test

619

(17)

Overview

620

(3)

The Binomial Test

623

(3)

The Relation Between Chi-Square and the Binomial Test

626

(1)

The Sign Test

627

(4)

Summary

631

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

631

(1)

Demonstration 18.1

632

(1)

Problems

633

(3)

Statistical Techniques for Ordinal Data: Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Kurosaki-Wallis Tests

636

(31)

Data From An Ordinal Scale

638

(2)

The Mann-Whitney U-Test

640

(8)

The Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test

648

(5)

The Kruskal-Wallis Test

653

(3)

Summary

656

(1)

Focus on Problem Solving

657

(1)

Demonstrations 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3

657

(4)

Problems

661

(6)

APPENDIX A BASIC MATHEMATICS REVIEW

667

(23)

A.1 Symbols and Notation

669

(2)

A.2 Proportions: Fractions, Decimals, and Percentage

677

(8)

A.4 Basic Algebra: Solving Equations

679

(3)

A.5 Exponents and Square Roots

682

(8)

APPENDIX B STATISTICAL TABLES

690

(15)

APPENDIX C SOLUTIONS FOR ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS IN THE TEXT

705

(22)

Statistics Organizer

727

(15)

References

742

(3)

Index

745

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

9780534359263

0534359264

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

9780534359263

0534359264

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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