9781119068112 | Recent Climate Change ...

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Glaciers are considered a key and an iconic indicator of climate change. The World Glacier Monitoring Service has noted that global alpine balance has been negative for 35 consecutive years. This highlights the dire future that alpine glaciers face.

The goal of this volume is to tell the story, glacier by glacier, of response to climate change from 1984-2015. Of the 165 glaciers examined in 10 different alpine regions, 162 have retreated significantly. It is evident that the changes are significant, not happening at a "glacial" pace, and are profoundly affecting alpine regions. There is a consistent result that reverberates from mountain range to mountain range, which emphasizes that although regional glacier and climate feedbacks differ, global changes are driving the response. This book considers ten different glaciated regions around the individual glaciers, and offers a different tune to the same chorus of glacier volume loss in the face of climate change.

Mauri Pelto is Professor of Environmental Science at Nichols College in Massachusetts, USA. He is founder and director of the North Cascade Glacier Climate Project since 1984. This project monitors the mass balance and behavior of more glaciers than any other in North America. Mauri has spent the last 35 summers working in the field on glaciers in Alaska and Washington with the Juneau Icefield Research Program and the North Cascade Glacier Climate Project. He is the United States representative to the World Glacier Monitoring Service, which collects all mass balance and terminus change data for glaciers. He also blogs for the American Geophysical Union, "From a Glaciers Perspective".

Foreword xi

1 Alpine Glaciers: An Introduction 1

1.1 Glacier Observation Programs 1

1.2 Importance of Mountain Glaciers 3

1.3 Glacier Terminus Response to Climate Change 3

1.3.1 Equilibrium Response 3

1.3.2 Disequilibrium Response 4

1.3.3 Accumulation Zone Changes 4

1.3.4 Terminus Response Factors 4

1.4 Glacier Runoff 5

1.5 Climate Change and Impact of Runoff 5

References 7

2 Glacier Mass Balance 10

Overview 10

References 14

3 Juneau Icefield 16

Overview 16

3.1 Norris Glacier 19

3.2 Lemon Creek Glacier 20

3.3 Mendenhall Glacier 22

3.4 Herbert Glacier 23

3.5 Eagle Glacier 24

3.6 Gilkey Glacier 25

3.7 Antler Glacier 26

3.8 Field Glacier 28

3.9 Llewellyn Glacier 29

3.10 Tulsequah Glacier 30

3.11 Twin Glacier 31

3.12 Taku Glacier 35

References 37

4 Northern Patagonia Icefield region 38

Overview 38

4.1 Reichert Glacier 39

4.2 Gualas Glacier 41

4.3 San Rafael Glacier 43

4.4 San Quintín Glacier 43

4.5 Fraenkel Glacier 45

4.6 Benito Glacier 46

4.7 Acodado Glacier 47

4.8 Steffen Glacier 49

4.9 HPN4 Glacier 49

4.10 Colonia Glacier 51

4.11 Nef Glacier 53

4.12 Leones Glacier 54

4.13 Fiero Glacier 56

4.14 Grosse Glacier 56

4.15 Verde Glacier 57

References 59

5 South Georgia, Kerguelen, and Heard Islands 61

Overview 61

5.1 Twitcher Glacier 62

5.2 Herz Glacier 64

5.3 Weddel Glacier 64

5.4 Bertrab Glacier 65

5.5 Ross–Hindle Glacier 66

5.6 Heaney Glacier–Cook Glacier 66

5.7 Nordenskjold Glacier 67

5.8 Harker and Hamberg Glaciers 68

5.9 Neumayer Glacier 68

5.10 Konig Glacier 69

5.11 Purvis Glacier 71

5.12 Stephenson Glacier–Heard Island 72

5.13 Agassiz Glacier–Kerguelen Island 74

5.14 Ampere Glacier 75

5.15 Lapparent Glacier 75

5.16 Lake District 76

References 79

6 Svalbard: Hornsund Fjord region 80

Overview 80

6.1 South Coast of Hornsund 80

6.2 Eastern Hornsund Glacier change 83

6.3 North side of Hornsund 84

6.4 Sorkappland 85

References 87

7 NovayaZemlya 89

Overview 89

7.1 Kropotkina Glacier 89

7.2 Moshniy Glacier 90

7.3 Vilkitskogo Glacier 91

7.4 Krivosheina Glacier 94

7.5 Nizkiy Glacier 95

7.6 Glazova Glacier 95

7.7 Krayniy Glacier 96

7.8 Taisija Glacier 98

7.9 Chernysheva Glacier 98

7.10 Borzova Glacier 99

7.11 Mack and Velkena Glaciers 99

References 100

8 North Cascade Range, Washington USA 101

Overview 101

8.1 Skykomish River Basin 102

8.1.1 Lynch Glacier 102

8.1.2 Hinman Glacier 103

8.1.3 Foss Glacier 105

8.1.4 Columbia Glacier 105

8.1.5 Skykomish Streamflow Impact 107

8.2 Mount Baker and Nooksack River 108

8.2.1 Sholes Glacier 2013 109

8.2.2 Rainbow Glacier 110

8.2.3 Roosevelt Glacier 113

8.2.4 Coleman Glacier 115

8.2.5 Deming Glacier 116

8.2.6 Easton Glacier 119

8.2.7 Boulder Glacier 120

8.3 Glacier Runoff Impact 121

References 126

9 Interior Ranges, British Columbia/Alberta 129

Overview 129

9.1 Yoho Glacier 130

9.2 Des Poilus Glacier 132

9.3 Waputik Icefield–Daly Glacier 133

9.4 Cummins Glacier 134

9.5 Apex Glacier 136

9.6 Shackleton Glacier 136

9.7 Columbia Glacier 136

9.8 Freshfield Glacier 139

9.9 Lyell Icefield–Mons Icefield 139

9.10 Haworth Glacier 139

9.11 Sir Sandford Glacier 144

9.12 Dismal Glacier 144

9.13 Illecillewaet Icefield 145

9.14 Deville Icefield 146

9.15 Conrad Icefield 147

9.16 Vowell Glacier 149

References 151

10 Himalaya 152

Overview 152

10.1 Middle Lhonak Glacier 154

10.2 South Lhonak Glacier 155

10.3 North Lhonak Glacier 156

10.4 East Langpo Glacier 156

10.5 Changsang Glacier 156

10.6 Zemu Glacier 157

10.7 Kaer Glacier 160

10.8 Longbashaba Glacier 160

10.9 Zhizhai Glacier 161

10.10 Jimi Glacier 161

10.11 Yindapu Glacier 162

10.12 Gelhaipuco Glacier 163

10.13 Qangzonkco Glacier 163

10.14 Nobuk Glacier 165

10.15 Nangama Pokhari 166

10.16 Kanchenjunga Glacier 166

References 169

11 New Zealand 171

Overview 171

11.1 Mueller Glacier 171

11.2 Hooker Glacier 173

11.3 Tasman Glacier 174

11.4 Murchison Glacier 174

11.5 Douglas Neve 176

11.6 La Perouse Glacier 177

11.7 Balfour Glacier 180

11.8 Fox Glacier 181

11.9 Franz Josef Glacier 181

11.10 Classen Glacier 183

11.11 Godley Glacier 184

11.12 Lyell Glacier 184

References 185

12 Alps: Mont Blanc–Matterhorn Transect 187

Overview 187

12.1 Mer De Glace 188

12.2 Glacier d’Argentiere 190

12.3 Tour de Glacier 191

12.4 Trient Glacier 192

12.5 Saleina Glacier 194

12.6 Bossons Glacier 194

12.7 Taconnaz Glacier 195

12.8 Bionnassay Glacier 195

12.9 Otemma Glacier 196

12.10 Breney Glacier 197

12.11 Gietro Glacier 198

12.12 Corbassière Glacier 198

12.13 Glacier du Mont Miné 198

12.14 Ferpécle Glacier 200

12.15 Gornergletscher 202

12.16 Findelengletscher 203

12.17 Theodulgletscher 204

12.18 Lex Blanche Glacier 206

12.19 Miage Glacier 208

12.20 Brouillard Glacier 208

12.21 Freney Glacier 208

References 209

13 Alpine Glacier Change Summary 211

References 212

Index 215

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Recent Climate Change Impacts on Mountain Glaciers

Recent Climate Change Impacts on Mountain Glaciers

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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