9780735709010

Python Essential Reference, 3rd Edition, is a comprehensive reference to the Python programming language. The focus of& this latest& edition is to add coverage of significant new features and new library modules added to the language over the past five years.& Clearly written with concise organization, & the new& features covered& include new style classes, unification of types and classes, xmlrpclip, intertools, bz2 and optparse, making it the most up-to-date Python book on the market.

David M. Beazley is the developer of SWIG, a popular software package for integrating C and C++ software with interpreted languages including Python, Perl, and Tcl. Beazley spent seven years working in the Theoretical Physics Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory and has been at the forefront of integrating Python with high-performance simulation software running on parallel computers. He is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Chicago, where he enjoys tormenting students with insane systems-programming projects.

Introduction

xvii

Conventions and Typographical Features

xviii

A Tutorial Introduction

1

(12)

Variables and Arithmetic Expressions

2

(2)

Conditionals

4

(1)

File Input and Output

4

(1)

Strings

5

(1)

Lists and Tuples

5

(2)

Loops

7

(1)

Dictionaries

8

(1)

Functions

8

(1)

Classes

9

(1)

Exceptions

10

(1)

Modules

10

(3)

Lexical Conventions and Syntax

13

(4)

Line Structure and Indentation

13

(1)

Identifiers and Reserved Words

14

(1)

Literals

14

(2)

Operators, Delimiters, and Special Symbols

16

(1)

Documentation Strings

16

(1)

Types and Objects

17

(20)

Terminology

17

(1)

Object Identity and Type

18

(1)

Reference Counting

18

(1)

References and Copies

19

(1)

Built-in Types

20

(8)

The None Type

21

(1)

Numeric Types

21

(1)

Sequence Types

21

(1)

Mapping Types

22

(1)

Callable Types

23

(2)

Modules

25

(1)

Classes

26

(1)

Class Instances

26

(1)

Files

26

(1)

Internal Types

27

(1)

Code Objects

27

(1)

Frame Objects

27

(1)

Traceback Objects

27

(1)

Slice Objects

27

(1)

Ellipsis Objects

27

(1)

Special Methods

28

(6)

Object Creation, Destruction, and Representation

29

(1)

Attribute Access

30

(1)

Sequence and Mapping Methods

30

(2)

Mathematical Operations

32

(1)

Callable Objects

33

(1)

Performance and Memory Considerations

34

(3)

Operators and Expressions

37

(10)

Operations on Numbers

37

(2)

Operations on Sequences

39

(3)

Operations on Dictionaries

42

(1)

The Attribute (.) Operator

42

(1)

Type Conversion

42

(1)

Boolean Expressions and Truth Values

43

(1)

Object Equality and Identity

44

(1)

Order of Evaluation

44

(3)

Control Flow

47

(8)

Conditionals

47

(1)

Loops

47

(2)

Exceptions

49

(2)

Defining New Exceptions

51

(2)

Assertions and__debug__

53

(2)

Functions and Functional Programming

55

(8)

Functions

55

(2)

Parameter Passing and Return Values

57

(1)

Scoping Rules

57

(1)

The apply() Function

58

(1)

The lambda Operator

58

(1)

map(), reduce(), and filter()

59

(1)

eval(), exec, execfile(), and compile()

60

(3)

Classes and Object-Oriented Programming

63

(8)

The class statement

63

(1)

Class Instances

64

(1)

Reference Counting and Instance Destruction

65

(1)

Inheritance

66

(1)

Information Hiding

67

(1)

Operator Overloading

67

(1)

Classes, Types, and Membership Tests

68

(3)

Modules and Packages

71

(6)

Modules

71

(1)

The Module Search Path

72

(1)

Module Loading and Compilation

73

(1)

Module Reloading

73

(1)

Packages

74

(3)

Input and Output

77

(6)

Reading Options and Environment Variables

77

(1)

Files

78

(1)

Standard Input, Output, and Error

79

(1)

The print Statement

80

(1)

Persistence

80

(3)

Execution Environment

83

(4)

Interpreter Options and Environment

83

(1)

Interactive Sessions

84

(1)

Launching Python Applications

85

(1)

Site Configuration Files

85

(1)

Program Termination

86

(1)

The Python Library

87

(160)

Built-in Functions and Exceptions

88

(7)

Built-in Functions

88

(5)

Built-in Exceptions

93

(2)

Python Services

95

(11)

copy

95

(1)

copy-reg

96

(1)

marshal

96

(1)

new

97

(1)

operator

98

(1)

pickle and cPickle

99

(2)

site

101

(1)

sys

101

(2)

traceback

103

(1)

types

104

(1)

UserDict and UserList

105

(1)

Mathematics

106

(5)

array

106

(1)

cmath

107

(1)

math

108

(1)

random

109

(1)

whrandom

110

(1)

String Handling

111

(8)

re

111

(4)

string

115

(2)

StringIO and cStringIO

117

(1)

struct

118

(1)

Data Management and Object Persistence

119

(6)

anydbm

120

(1)

bsddb

121

(1)

dbhash

122

(1)

dbm

122

(1)

dumbdbm

123

(1)

gdbm

123

(1)

shelve

124

(1)

whichdb

124

(1)

Operating System Services

125

(49)

cmp

125

(1)

commands

126

(1)

crypt

126

(1)

errno

127

(5)

fcnt1

132

(1)

fileinput

133

(1)

findertools

134

(1)

fnmatch

135

(1)

getopt

136

(1)

getpass

136

(1)

glob

137

(1)

grp

137

(1)

gzip

138

(1)

locale

138

(2)

macfs

140

(3)

macostools

143

(1)

msvcrt

143

(2)

os

145

(1)

Process Environment

145

(2)

File Creation and File Descriptors

147

(2)

Files and Directories

149

(2)

Process Management

151

(3)

os.path

154

(2)

popen2

156

(1)

pwd

157

(1)

readline

158

(1)

resource

159

(2)

shutil

161

(1)

signal

161

(3)

stat

164

(1)

statvfs

165

(1)

tempfile

165

(1)

termios

166

(1)

Input Modes

166

(1)

Output Modes

167

(1)

Control Modes

167

(1)

Local Modes

168

(1)

Speeds

168

(1)

Control Characters

168

(2)

time

170

(2)

tty

172

(1)

zlib

173

(1)

Threads

174

(1)

Thread Basics

174

(8)

Python Threads

175

(1)

thread

175

(2)

threading

177

(1)

Thread Objects

177

(1)

Lock Objects

178

(1)

Rlock

178

(1)

Condition Variables

179

(1)

Semaphore

180

(1)

Events

180

(1)

Queue

181

(1)

Network Programming

182

(30)

asyncore

185

(3)

BaseHTTPServer

188

(2)

cgi

190

(4)

CGIHTTPServer

194

(1)

ftplib

195

(1)

httplib

195

(3)

imaplib

198

(1)

nntplib

199

(1)

poplib

199

(1)

select

199

(1)

SimpleHTTPServer

200

(1)

smtplib

201

(1)

socket

202

(5)

SocketServer

207

(2)

urllib

209

(2)

urlparse

211

(1)

Internet Data Handling and Encoding

212

(16)

base64

212

(1)

binascii

212

(1)

binhex

213

(1)

mailcap

213

(1)

mimetools

214

(2)

mimetypes

216

(3)

MimeWriter

219

(1)

multifile

220

(2)

quopri

222

(1)

rfc822

223

(2)

uu

225

(1)

xdrlib

226

(2)

Restricted Execution

228

(4)

rexec

229

(3)

Bastion

232

(1)

Miscellaneous Modules

232

(5)

bisect

232

(1)

cmd

233

(2)

md5

235

(1)

sha

236

(1)

shlex

237

(1)

The Python Debugger

237

(3)

The Python Profiler

240

(2)

profile

240

(1)

pstats

241

(1)

Undocumented Modules

242

(5)

Python Services

242

(1)

String Processing

243

(1)

Operting System Modules

243

(1)

Network

243

(1)

Internet Data Handling

244

(1)

Multimedia Services

244

(1)

SGI Irix

244

(1)

Sun-Specific Services

245

(1)

Miscellaneous

245

(2)

Extending and Embedding Python

247

(28)

Enabling Optional Modules

247

(1)

Extension Module Example

248

(2)

Compilation of Extensions

250

(1)

Converting Data from Python to C

251

(2)

Converting Data from C to Python

253

(1)

Error Handling

254

(2)

Reference Counting

256

(1)

Abstract Object Layer

257

(2)

Low-Level Functions on Built-in Types

259

(3)

Defining New Types

262

(7)

Special Methods for Types

269

(2)

Threads

271

(1)

Embedding

271

(2)

Extension Building Tools

273

(2)

Extension Classes

273

(1)

CXX

273

(1)

SWIG

273

(2)

Index

275

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Python Essential Reference

Python Essential Reference

0735709017

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials