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Psychological Testing Principles and Applications

by: Murphy, Kevin R.; Davidshofer, Charles O.

Psychological Testing Principles and Applications

by: Murphy, Kevin R.; Davidshofer, Charles O.

ISBN 13:
9780131891722
ISBN 10:
0131891723
Edition: 6th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 09/21/2004
Publisher: Pearson

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Summary

This book focuses on the use of psychological tests to make importantdecisionsabout individuals in a variety of settings. It explores the theory, methods, and applications of psychological testing, and gives a full and fair evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of psychological testing in general, and selected tests in particular.A four-part organization provides an introduction to psychological testing; covers the principles of psychological measurement, discusses the development of measures of ability, interests, and personality; and shows how tests are used to make decisions.For those who create and evaluate psychological testing and measurement.

Preface

Part I Introduction to Psychological Testing

Tests and Measurements

(19)

Psychological Tests---A Definition

(3)

Types of Tests

(2)

Tests and Decisions---Uses of Psychological Tests

(3)

Testing Activities of Psychologists

(1)

Information About Tests

(1)

Standards for Testing

(5)

Critical Discussion: Ethical Principles Relevant to Psychological Testing

(2)

Critical Discussion: Alternatives to Psychological Tests

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Defining and Measuring Psychological Attributes: Ability, Interests, and Personality

(32)

Psychological Attributes and Decisions

(1)

Intelligence---General Mental Ability

(17)

Critical Discussion: 1Q or EQ?

(1)

Interests

(4)

Personality

(8)

Critical Discussion: The Relationship Among Abilities, Interests, and Personality Characteristics

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Testing and Society

(20)

Types of Decisions

(2)

Societal Concerns

(12)

Critical Discussion: Science and Politics in the Ability-Testing Debate---The Bell Curve

(4)

Critical Discussion: High-Stakes Testing

(3)

Critical Discussion: The Strange Case of Sir Cyril Burt

(1)

Analyzing the Societal Consequences of Tests

(3)

Critical Discussion: Are There Technical Solutions to Societal Problems?

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Part II Principles of Psychological Measurement

Basic Concepts in Measurement and Statistics

(20)

Problems and Solutions---Predicting Future Performance

(1)

Psychological Measurement

(5)

Evaluating Psychological Tests

(2)

Statistical Concepts

(9)

Critical Discussion: Measurement Scales and Statistics

(1)

Summary

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Scales, Transformations, and Norms

(24)

Problems and Solutions---Comparing Scales

(1)

Transformations

(5)

Equating Scale Scores

(4)

Norms

102

(6)

Expectancy Tables

108

(5)

Critical Discussion: Should IQ Scores of Black Examinees Be Based on White Norms?

112

(1)

Summary

113

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

114

(1)

Key Terms

115

(1)

Reliability: The Consistency of Test Scores

116

(18)

Problems and Solutions---Evaluating a Test

117

(1)

Sources of Consistency and Inconsistency in Test Scores

117

(2)

General Model of Reliability

119

(3)

Simple Methods of Estimating Reliability

122

(6)

Reliability Estimates and Error

128

(1)

The Generalizability of Test Scores

129

(3)

Critical Discussion: Generalizability and Reliability Theory

131

(1)

Summary

132

(1)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

133

(1)

Key Terms

133

(1)

Using and Interpreting Information About Test Reliability

134

(19)

Problems and Solutions---Should You Retake This Test?

134

(1)

Using the Reliability Coefficient

135

(4)

Factors Affecting Reliability

139

(4)

Special Issues in Reliability

143

(6)

How Reliable Should Tests Be?

149

(2)

Critical Discussion: Precise but Narrow---The Bandwidth-Fidelity Dilemma

150

(1)

Summary

151

(1)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

152

(1)

Key Terms

152

(1)

Validity of Measurement: Content and Construct-Oriented Validation Strategies

153

(25)

Problems and Solutions---What Does This Test Measure?

153

(1)

Validation Strategies

154

(1)

Assessing the Validity of Measurement

155

(1)

Content-Oriented Validation Strategies

156

(6)

Critical Discussion: Face Validity

162

(1)

Construct-Oriented Validation Strategies

162

(11)

Content and Construct Validity

173

(2)

Critical Discussion: How Do We Know Whether Intelligence Tests Really Measure Intelligence?

174

(1)

Summary

175

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

176

(1)

Key Terms

177

(1)

Validity for Decisions: Criterion-Related Validity

178

(24)

Problems and Solutions---Determine the Potential Benefits of Testing

179

(1)

Decisions and Prediction

179

(1)

Criteria

180

(1)

Criterion-Related Validation Strategies

181

(6)

Construct Validity and Criterion-Related Validity

187

(3)

Interpreting Validity Coefficients

190

(9)

Critical Discussion: Values and Validation

199

(1)

Summary

199

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

200

(1)

Key Terms

201

(1)

Item Analysis

202

(24)

Problems and Solutions---Which Items Should You Drop?

202

(1)

Purpose of Item Analysis

203

(1)

Distractor Analysis

203

(2)

Item Difficulty

205

(3)

Item Discrimination

208

(3)

Interactions Among Item Characteristics

211

(2)

Item Response Theory

213

(10)

Critical Discussion: Using Item Response Theory to Detect Test Bias

222

(1)

Summary

223

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

224

(1)

Key Terms

225

(1)

Part III Developing Measures of Ability, Interests, and Personality

The Process of Test Development

226

(22)

Problems and Solutions---Should You Trust Your Judgment or the Test?

226

(1)

Constructing the Test

227

(11)

Critical Discussion: How Accurately Can Response Sets Be Detected?

235

(2)

Critical Discussion: Do Different Test Formats Give Unique Interpretive Information?

237

(1)

Norming and Standardizing Tests

238

(3)

Test Publication and Revision

241

(3)

Critical Discussion: Should Tests Be Normed Nationally, Regionally, or Locally?

241

(3)

Summary

244

(3)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

246

(1)

Key Terms

247

(1)

Computerized Test Administration and Interpretation

248

(16)

Problems and Solutions---Which Type of Test Is Best For You?

249

(1)

Use of Computers in Testing: A Taxonomy

249

(3)

Critical Discussion: Test Information on the Internet

251

(1)

Computerized Test Administration

252

(2)

Computerized Adaptive Testing

254

(2)

Computer-Based Test Interpretation

256

(4)

Detecting Invalid or Unusual Response Patterns

260

(2)

Critical Discussion: The Barnum Effect and Computerized Test Interpretation

262

(1)

Summary

262

(1)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

263

(1)

Key Terms

263

(1)

Ability Testing: Individual Tests

264

(23)

Problems and Solutions---Using Tests to Diagnose Reading Deficits

265

(1)

The Role of the Examiner

265

(2)

Individual Tests of General Mental Ability

267

(16)

Individual Tests of Specific Ability

283

(2)

Critical Discussion: Testing Examinees From Different Racial and Ethnic Groups

284

(1)

Summary

285

(1)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

285

(1)

Key Terms

286

(1)

Ability Testing: Group Tests

287

(28)

Problems and Solutions---Is This Test Right for You?

288

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Tests

288

(1)

Measures of General Cognitive Ability

289

(4)

Scholastic Tests

293

(12)

Critical Discussion: How Did Large-Scale College Admissions Testing Begin?

298

(7)

Multiple-Aptitude Batteries

305

(8)

Critical Discussion: The Case Against Large-Scale Testing

312

(1)

Summary

313

(1)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

314

(1)

Key Terms

314

(1)

Issues in Ability Testing

315

(36)

Problems and Solutions---Do Tests Unfairly Discriminate?

316

(1)

Bias and Fairness in Mental Testing

316

(14)

Critical Discussion: Are Judgments of Item Bias Useful?

329

(1)

Culture-Reduced Testing

330

(8)

Critical Discussion: Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior

338

(1)

Heritability, Consistency, and Modifiability of IQ

338

(10)

Critical Discussion: Intelligence and Social Class

342

(5)

Critical Discussion: Project Head Start

347

(1)

Summary

348

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

349

(1)

Key Terms

350

(1)

Interest Testing

351

(43)

Problems and Solutions---Tests and Career Counseling

352

(1)

The Strong Interest Inventory

352

(16)

The Kuder Interest Inventories

368

(5)

Critical Discussion: A Novel Approach to Interest Measurement: The Kuder Career Search With Person Match

373

(1)

Career Assessment Inventory

373

(11)

Jackson Vocational Interest Survey

384

(5)

Critical Discussion: Should Interest Tests Be Used in Personnel Selection?

389

(1)

Summary

389

(4)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

392

(1)

Key Terms

393

(1)

Personality Testing

394

(30)

Problems and Solutions---Can Personality Tests Help in Making Selection Decisions?

394

(1)

Development of Personality Testing

395

(1)

Objective Measures of Personality

396

(14)

Critical Discussion: Can the CPI Be Used to Type People?

402

(8)

Projective Measures of Personality

410

(10)

Critical Discussion: Are Scales on Personality Tests Interpreted Independently?

419

(1)

Critical Discussion: Reliability and Validity of Projective Tests, Personality Inventories, and Intelligence Tests

420

(1)

Summary

420

(3)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

421

(2)

Key Terms

423

(1)

Part IV Using Tests to Make Decisions

Tests and Educational Decisions

424

(16)

Problems and Solutions---How Should You Interpret a Lower Than Average Score?

424

(1)

Applications in Institutional Decision Making

425

(7)

Critical Discussion: The National Assessment of Educational Progress

431

(1)

Applications in Individual Decision Making

432

(5)

Critical Discussion: What Is Portfolio Assessment? Should It Be Used for Educational Assessment?

436

(1)

Critical Discussion: What Is Criterion-Referenced Testing?

436

(1)

Summary

437

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

438

(1)

Key Terms

439

(1)

Psychological Measurement in Industry

440

(48)

Problems and Solutions---Screening a Large Applicant Pool

440

(1)

Extent and Impact of Personnel Testing

441

(2)

Predicting Performance

443

(15)

Comparative Assessment of Personnel Tests

458

(3)

Critical Discussion: Can Graphology Predict Occupational Success?

460

(1)

The Validity of Personnel Tests

461

(2)

The Social and Legal Context of Employment Testing

463

(4)

Critical Discussion: Personnel Selection From the Applicant's Point of View

466

(1)

Assessing Integrity

467

(3)

Measures of Job Performance and Effectiveness

470

(2)

Judgmental Measures

472

(12)

Summary

484

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

486

(1)

Key Terms

486

(2)

Diagnostic Testing: Clinical Applications

488

(30)

Problems and Solutions---Comparing Performance on Subtests

488

(1)

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

489

(7)

MMPI-2

496

(2)

The Bender-Gestalt

498

(3)

Scatter Analysis

501

(2)

Diagnostic Classification Systems

503

(6)

Critical Discussion: Professional Ethics and Clinical Testing

508

(1)

Neuropsychological Assessment

509

(6)

Summary

515

(1)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

516

(1)

Key Terms

516

(2)

Issues in Multimethod Assessment

518

(29)

Problems and Solutions---What If Different Assessments Disagree?

518

(1)

The Nature of Clinical Assessment

519

(5)

Studying Clinical Judgment

524

(9)

Structured Assessment Programs

533

(11)

Critical Discussion: Psychological Assessment in the Courtroom

543

(1)

Summary

544

(2)

Problems and Solutions---Recap

545

(1)

Key Terms

546

(1)

Appendix A Forty Representative Tests

547

(1)

Appendix B Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct

548

(17)

References

565

(33)

Author Index

598

(7)

Subject Index

605

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Psychological Testing Principles and Applications

Psychological Testing Principles and Applications

9780131891722

0131891723

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Psychological Testing Principles and Applications

Psychological Testing Principles and Applications

9780131891722

0131891723

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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