9780205496365

An easy-to-read introduction to communication sciences and disorders appropriate for majors and non-majors alike. This text is written by an expert in the field who has taught introductory communicative disorders courses to both majors and non-majors for numerous years. This first edition presents information comprehensively and uses an easy to read, enthusiastic tone of voice that encourages students to explore the content covered in greater detail beyond the text itself. Introducing the basic concepts and methods related to studying communication, the text covers both typical speech and language development along with information on disordered speech and language. ThroughoutA Primer on Communication and Communicative Disorders, students are assisted by valuable study aids and features that help them learn vital terms, process information, check their knowledge, and apply what they have read to real clinic situations and issues. This introductory text is particularly unique in its coverage of important topics such as swallowing disorders and multicultural issues in speech and communication.

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Dr. Howard D. Schwartz has been working as a speech-language pathologist since 1974. He has worked in public schools, directed a hospital speech-language pathology program, supervised in university clinics, and directed his own private clinic. Dr. Schwartz has been on the faculty at Northern Illinois University since 1986 and is presently an associate professor in the School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders. He has been teaching the introductory course in communicative disorders since 1984 and is a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of fluency disorders. Schwartz is the author of A Primer for Stuttering Therapy (Allyn and Bacon, 1999).

Chapter 1: Communication and Communicative Disorders

Communication

Communicative Disorders

Examples of Communicative Disorders

Professionals Who Work With Disordered Communication

Speech-Language Pathologists

Training, Certification and Licensure

Employment

Audiologist

Training, Certification and Licensure

Employment

Professional Organizations

American Speech-Language Hearing Association

Additional Professional Organizations

Summary and Review

Websites of Interest

Chapter 2: Anatomy and Physiology of Speech, Language and Voice Production

Central Nervous System

Brain

Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System

Cranial Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production

Respiratory System

Anatomy of Breathing

Physiology of Breathing

Laryngeal/Phonatory System

Anatomy of Sound Production

Physiology of Sound Production

Articulatory System

Anatomy and Physiology of Shaping Sounds

Summary and Review

Websites of Interest

Chapter 3: Speech Sounds, Articulation and Phonological Disorders

Language and Speech

Sounds in English

Classification of Speech Sounds

Vowels

Consonants

Place of Articulation

Manner of Production

Voicing

Speech Sound Development during the First Year of Life

Newborns

2-3 Months

4-6 Months

7-10 Months

11-12 Months

Speech Sound Developmental Milestones

Disorders of Articulation

Traditional Methods of Classifying Speech Sound Errors

Substitutions

Omissions

Distortions

Additions

Disorders of Phonology

Syllable Structure Processes

Final Consonant Deletion

Reduplication

Consonant Cluster Simplification

Segment Change or Substitution Processes

Stopping

Articulation and Phonological Disorders Associated With Physical Differences

Cleft Lip and Palate

Dysarthria

Apraxia of Speech

Hearing Loss

Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders

Phonology/Speech Articulation Screening

Hearing Screening

Oral-Facial Examination

Speech Sound Inventory

Conversational Speech Sampling

Error Pattern Analysis

Stimulability

Assessing Speech in Context

What Do I Do With All Of This Information?

Articulation Therapy

Linguistic/Phonological Based Therapy

Summary and Review

Websites of Interest

Chapter 4: Language Development in Children

Bernard Grela , Ph.D.

University of Connecticut

Modes of Communication

Components of Language

Theories of Language Acquisition: Nature versus Nurture

Periods of Language Development

Prelinguistic Communication

Semantics

Perception

Pragmatics

First Words

Semantics

Pragmatics

Preliteracy

Early Language Development

Semantics

Syntax and Morphology

Pragmatics

Preliteracy

Preschool Language

Semantics

Syntax and Morphology

Pragmatics

Narratives

Preliteracy Skills

The School Years

Literacy

Semantics

Syntax and Morphology

Pragmatics

Narratives

Summary and Review

Websites of Interest

Chapter 5 Language Disorders in Children

Nina C. Capone

Seton Hall University

The Domains of Language

Form

Content

Use

Receptive Language versus Expressive Language

Language Difference is Not a Language Disorder

Defining Language Disorders in Children

Characterizing Language Impairments

Form

Content

Use

Evaluation of Children with Language Impairments

Types of Language Impaired Populations

Late Talkers

Specific Language Impairment

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Down Syndrome

Children At-Risk for Language Impairments

Intervention

Summary and Review

Website of Interest

Chapter 6 Communication in a Multicultural Society

Amy L. Weiss, Ph.D

University of Rhode Island

What is a Culture?

Why Is Cultural Competence Important?

Culture and the Changing Face of the Population

The Characteristics of Culture

Roles

Caregivers

Professionals

The Role of Communication within the Culture

Verbal and Non Verbal Communication

The Role of Communicative Disorders within the Culture

Speech and Language Differences versus Disorders

Definitions

Examples of American Speech Dialects

Examples of Dialect Differences

Assessment of Speech and Language with Cultural Awareness

Treatment of Speech and Language Differences

Treatment of Bona Fide Speech and Language Disorders in an L1 Other than English

Summary and Review

Website References

Chapter 7: Neurological Impairment: Speech and Language Disorders in Adults

Brain Anatomy Associated with Speech and Language Disorders

Language Disorders Associated with Neurological Impairment

Deficits of Expressive Language

Deficits of Comprehension

Deficits in Reading and Writing

Aphasia Classification

Broca’s Aphasia

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Global Aphasia

Anomic Aphasia

Assessment of Language Disorders Associated With Neurological Impairment

Treatment of Language Disorders Associated With Neurological Impairment

Right Hemisphere Damage and Communicative Disorders

Traumatic Brain Injury

Dementia

Motor Speech Disorders

Dysarthria

Apraxia

Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders

Summary and Review

Website References

Chapter 8: Voice Disorders

Anatomy of Voice Production

Characteristics of Voice Production

Definitions and Prevalence of Voice Disorders

Classifying Voice Disorders

Phonotrauma

Phonotrauma and Changes in Laryngeal Tissue

Traumatic Laryngitis

Vocal Nodules

Vocal Polyps

Voice Problems and Neurological Disorders

Vocal Fold Paralysis

Spasmodic Dysphonia

Organic Disease

Granulomas

Papilloma

Carcinoma (Cancer)

Assessment of Voice Disorders

Interviewing the Client

Viewing the Larynx

Indirect Laryngoscopy

Direct Laryngoscopy

Acoustic and Physiological Measures of Voice

Treating Voice Disorders

Phonotrauma

Alaryngeal Communication

Summary and Review

Website References

Chapter 9: Swallowing Disorders

Cynthia D. Hildner M.S.

Northern Illinois University

Anatomy and Physiology of Swallowing

Phases of Normal Swallowing

Oral Preparatory Phase

Oral Phase

Pharyngeal Phase

Esophageal Phase

Disordered Swallowing

Swallowing Phases and Dysphagia

Swallowing Disorders Associated With Various Organic Conditions

Cerebrovascular Accidents

Traumatic Brain Injury

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Parkinson’s disease

Head and Neck Cancers

The Multidisciplinary Dysphagia Team

Evaluating Swallowing

Screening Swallowing

Clinical Assessment of Swallowing

Instrumental Evaluations of Swallowing

Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS)

Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)

Dysphagia Treatment

Swallowing Compensations

Posures

Swallowing Maneuvers

Diet Modifications

Swallowing Exercises

Education and Training

Non-Oral Feeding Considerations

Variations in Swallowing Across the Lifespan

Summary and Review

Website References

Chapter 10: Fluency Disorders

Fluency and Stuttering

The Onset of Stuttering

Incidence and Prevalence

Genetics and Stuttering

Onset: Gradual or Sudden

The Development of Stuttering

Theories Regarding the Causes Of Stuttering

Organic Theories

Behavioral Theories

Linguistic Theories

Biology Plus Environment

Evaluating Stuttering

Treating Adults Who Stutter

Treating Children Who Stutter

Other Fluency Disorders

Summary and Review

Websites of Interest

Chapter 11: Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing, Hearing Disorders

The Transmission of Sound

Sound

Frequency and Pitch

Intensity and Loudness

Ear Anatomy and Physiology

Outer Ear

Middle Ear

Inner Ear

Disorders of Hearing

Conductive Hearing Loss

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Mixed Hearing Loss

Summary and Review

Websites of Interest

Chapter 12: Hearing Testing and Management of Hearing Disorders

Hearing Testing

Audiometers

Air Conduction Audiometry

Bone Conduction

Speech Audiometry

Acoustic Immittance

Otoacoustic Emissions

Auditory Evoked Potentials

Hearing Testing Summary

Hearing Testing Result and Definitions

Habilitation/Rehabilitation

Amplification

Hearing Aids

FM Systems and Assistive Listening Devices

Cochlear Implants

Auditory Training

Communication Training

Oral Communication

Manual Communication

Total Communication

Acoustics in the Classroom

Signal-to-noise Ratio

Reverberation

What Can Be Done?

Summary and Review

Websites of Interest

Appendix A

Vocabulary Crossword Puzzles

Chapters 2-12

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A Primer on Communication and Communicative Disorders

A Primer on Communication and Communicative Disorders

0205496369

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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