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Physical Chemistry

by: LEVINE

Physical Chemistry

by: LEVINE

ISBN 13:
9780072534955
ISBN 10:
0072534958
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 08/29/2001
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math
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Summary

Ira N. Levine's fifth edition ofPhysical Chemistryprovides students with an in-depth fundamental treatment of physical chemistry. At the same time, the treatment is made easy to follow by giving full step-by-step derivations, clear explanations and by avoiding advanced mathematics unfamiliar to students. Necessary math and physics have thorough review sections. Worked examples are followed by a practice exercise.

Preface

Thermodynamics

(34)

Physical Chemistry

(1)

Thermodynamics

(4)

Temperature

(2)

The Mole

(2)

Ideal Gases

(7)

Differential Calculus

(5)

Equations of State

(3)

Integral Calculus

(4)

Study Suggestions

(2)

Summary

(4)

The First Law Of Thermodynamics

(41)

Classical Mechanics

(5)

P-V Work

(4)

Heat

(1)

The First Law of Thermodynamics

(5)

Enthalpy

(1)

Heat Capacities

(2)

The Joule and Joule--Thomson Experiments

(3)

Perfect Gases and the First Law

(4)

Calculation of First-Law Quantities

(3)

State Functions and Line Integrals Energy

(2)

The Molecular Nature of Internal Energy

(3)

Problem Solving

(2)

Summary

(6)

The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

(30)

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

(2)

Heat Engines

(5)

Entropy

(2)

Calculation of Entropy Changes

(5)

Entropy, Reversibility, and Irreversibility

(3)

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

(2)

What Is Entropy?

(5)

Entropy, Time, and Cosmology

100

(2)

Summary

102

(4)

Material Equilibrium

106

(34)

Material Equilibrium

106

(1)

Thermodynamic Properties of Nonequilibrium Systems

107

(1)

Entropy and Equilibrium

108

(2)

The Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies

110

(3)

Thermodynamic Relations for a System in Equilibrium

113

(9)

Calculation of Changes in State Functions

122

(2)

Chemical Potentials and Material Equilibrium

124

(5)

Phase Equilibrium

129

(2)

Reaction Equilibrium

131

(3)

Entropy and Life

134

(1)

Summary

135

(5)

Standard Thermodynamic Functions Of Reaction

140

(34)

Standard States of Pure Substances

140

(1)

Standard Enthalpy of Reaction

141

(1)

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

142

(2)

Determination of Standard Enthalpies of Formation and Reaction

144

(7)

Temperature Dependence of Reaction Heats

151

(2)

Use of a Spreadsheet to Obtain a Polynomial Fit

153

(2)

Conventional Entropies and the Third Law

155

(6)

Standard Gibbs Energy of Reaction

161

(1)

Thermodynamics Tables

162

(3)

Estimation of Thermodynamic Properties

165

(3)

The Unattainability of Absolute Zero

168

(1)

Summary

169

(5)

Reaction Equilibrium In Ideal Gas Mixtures

174

(29)

Chemical Potentials in an Ideal Gas Mixtures

175

(2)

Ideal-Gas Reaction Equilibrium

177

(5)

Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium Constant

182

(4)

Ideal-Gas Equilibrium Calculations

186

(5)

Simultaneous Equilibria

191

(3)

Shifts in Ideal-Gas Reaction Equilibria

194

(4)

Summary

198

(5)

One-Component Phase Equilibrium

203

(27)

The Phase Rule

203

(5)

One-Component Phase Equilibrium

208

(4)

The Clapeyron Equation

212

(7)

Solid-Solid Phase Transitions

219

(4)

Higher-Order Phase Transitions

223

(2)

Summary

225

(5)

Real Gases

230

(19)

Compression Factors

230

(1)

Real-Gas Equations of State

231

(2)

Condensation

233

(2)

Critical Data and Equations of State

235

(3)

Calculation of Liquid--Vapor Equilibria

238

(2)

The Critical State

240

(1)

The Law of Corresponding States

241

(2)

Differences between Real-Gas and Ideal-Gas Thermodynamic Properties

243

(1)

Taylor Series

243

(2)

Summary

245

(4)

Solutions

249

(32)

Solution Composition

249

(1)

Partial Molar Quantities

250

(6)

Mixing Quantities

256

(2)

Determination of Partial Molar Quantities

258

(4)

Ideal Solutions

262

(2)

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Solutions

264

(4)

Ideally Dilute Solutions

268

(2)

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideally Dilute Solutions

270

(4)

Summary

274

(7)

Nonideal Solutions

281

(38)

Activities and Activity Coefficients

281

(3)

Excess Functions

284

(1)

Determination of Activities and Activity Coefficients

285

(7)

Activity Coefficients on the Molality and Molar Concentration Scales

292

(1)

Models for Nonelectrolyte Activity Coefficients

293

(1)

Solutions of Electrolytes

294

(4)

Determination of Electrolyte Activity Coefficients

298

(2)

The Debye--Huckel Theory of Electrolyte Solutions

300

(4)

Ionic Association

304

(3)

Standard-State Thermodynamic Properties of Solution Components

307

(3)

Nonideal Gas Mixtures

310

(3)

Summary

313

(6)

Reaction Equilibrium In Nonideal Systems

319

(22)

The Equilibrium Constant

319

(1)

Reaction Equilibrium in Nonelectrolyte Solutions

320

(1)

Reaction Equilibrium in Electrolyte Solutions

321

(5)

Reaction Equilibria Involving Pure Solids or Pure Liquids

326

(3)

Reaction Equilibrium in Nonideal Gas Mixtures

329

(1)

Computer Programs for Equilibrium Calculations

329

(1)

Temperature and Pressure Dependences of the Equilibrium Constant

330

(2)

Summary of Standard States

332

(1)

Gibbs Energy Changes for a Reaction

332

(2)

Coupled Reactions

334

(2)

Summary

336

(5)

Multicomponent Phase Equilibrium

341

(43)

Colligative Properties

341

(1)

Vapor-Pressure Lowering

341

(1)

Freezing-Point Depression and Boiling-Point Elevation

342

(4)

Osmotic Pressure

346

(5)

Two-Component Phase Diagrams

351

(1)

Two-Component Liquid--Vapor Equilibrium

352

(8)

Two-Component Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium

360

(3)

Two-Component Solid-Liquid Equilibrium

363

(8)

Structure of Phase Diagrams

371

(1)

Solubility

371

(2)

Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams

373

(2)

Three-Component Systems

375

(2)

Summary

377

(7)

Surface Chemistry

384

(25)

The Interphase Region

384

(3)

Curved Interfaces

387

(3)

Thermodynamics of Surfaces

390

(5)

Surface Films on Liquids

395

(2)

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

397

(5)

Colloids

402

(3)

Summary

405

(4)

Electrochemical Systems

409

(47)

Electrostatics

409

(3)

Electrochemical Systems

412

(3)

Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Systems

415

(2)

Galvanic Cells

417

(6)

Types of Reversible Electrodes

423

(3)

Thermodynamics of Galvanic Cells

426

(5)

Standard Electrode Potentials

431

(4)

Concentration Cells

435

(1)

Liquid-Junction Potentials

435

(1)

Applications of EMF Measurements

436

(4)

Batteries

440

(1)

Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes

441

(2)

Membrane Equilibrium

443

(1)

The Electrical Double Layer

444

(1)

Dipole Moments and Polarization

444

(4)

Bioelectrochemistry

448

(2)

Summary

450

(6)

Kinetic Theory of Gases

456

(31)

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases

456

(1)

Pressure of an Ideal Gas

457

(3)

Temperature

460

(2)

Distribution of Molecular Speeds in an Ideal Gas

462

(9)

Applications of the Maxwell Distribution

471

(3)

Collisions with a Wall and Effusion

474

(2)

Molecular Collisions and Mean Free Path

476

(3)

The Barometric Formula

479

(1)

The Boltzmann Distribution Law

480

(1)

Heat Capacities of Ideal Polyatomic Gases

481

(1)

Summary

482

(5)

Transport Processes

487

(41)

Kinetics

487

(1)

Thermal Conductivity

488

(4)

Viscosity

492

(8)

Diffusion and Sedimentation

500

(6)

Electrical Conductivity

506

(2)

Electrical Conductivity of Electrolyte Solutions

508

(13)

Summary

521

(7)

Reaction Kinetics

528

(70)

Reaction Kinetics

528

(4)

Measurement of Reaction Rates

532

(1)

Integration of Rate Laws

533

(6)

Determination of the Rate Law

539

(5)

Rate Laws and Equilibrium Constants for Elementary Reactions

544

(1)

Reaction Mechanisms

545

(7)

Computer Integration of Rate Equations

552

(2)

Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants

554

(5)

Relation Between Rate Constants and Equilibrium Constants for Composite Reactions

559

(1)

The Rate Law in Nonideal Systems

560

(1)

Unimolecular Reactions

561

(2)

Trimolecular Reactions

563

(1)

Chain Reactions and Free-Radical Polymerizations

564

(5)

Fast Reactions

569

(4)

Reactions in Liquid Solutions

573

(4)

Catalysis

577

(3)

Enzyme Catalysis

580

(2)

Heterogeneous Catalysis

582

(5)

Nuclear Decay

587

(1)

Summary

588

(10)

Quantum Mechanics

598

(47)

Blackbody Radiation and Energy Quantization

599

(2)

The Photoelectric Effect and Photons

601

(1)

The Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom

602

(1)

The de Broglie Hypothesis

603

(2)

The Uncertainty Principle

605

(2)

Quantum Mechanics

607

(5)

The Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation

612

(2)

The Particle in a One-Dimensional Box

614

(4)

The Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box

618

(2)

Degeneracy

620

(1)

Operators

621

(6)

The One-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator

627

(2)

Two-Particle Problems

629

(1)

The Two-Particle Rigid Rotor

630

(1)

Approximation Methods

631

(4)

Hermitian Operators

635

(3)

Summary

638

(7)

Atomic Structure

645

(34)

Units

645

(1)

Historical Background

646

(1)

The Hydrogen Atom

647

(8)

Angular Momentum

655

(2)

Electron Spin

657

(1)

The Helium Atom and the Pauli Principle

658

(6)

Total Orbital and Spin Angular Momenta

664

(2)

Many-Electron Atoms and the Periodic Table

666

(5)

Hartree--Fock and Configuration-Interaction Wave Functions

671

(3)

Summary

674

(5)

Molecular Electronic Structure

679

(59)

Chemical Bonds

679

(4)

The Born--Oppenheimer Approximation

683

(4)

The Hydrogen Molecule Ion

687

(5)

The Simple MO Method for Diatomic Molecules

692

(6)

SCF and Hartree--Fock Wave Functions

698

(1)

The MO Treatment of Polyatomic Molecules

699

(9)

The Valence-Bond Method

708

(1)

Calculation of Molecular Properties

709

(4)

Accurate Calculation of Molecular Electronic Wave Functions and Properties

713

(3)

Density-Functional Theory (DFT)

716

(6)

Semiempirical Methods

722

(3)

Performing Quantum Chemistry Calculations

725

(3)

The Molecular-Mechanics (MM) Method

728

(4)

Future Prospects

732

(1)

Summary

732

(6)

Spectroscopy and Photochemistry

738

(85)

Electromagnetic Radiation

738

(3)

Spectroscopy

741

(6)

Rotation and Vibration of Diatomic Molecules

747

(6)

Rotational and Vibrational Spectra of Diatomic Molecules

753

(6)

Molecular Summetry

759

(2)

Rotation of Polyatomic Molecules

761

(2)

Microwave Spectroscopy

763

(3)

Vibration of Polyatomic Molecules

766

(3)

Infrared Spectroscopy

769

(5)

Raman Spectroscopy

774

(3)

Electronic Spectroscopy

777

(5)

Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Spectroscopy

782

(13)

Electron-Spin-Resonance Spectroscopy

795

(2)

Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism

797

(1)

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

798

(2)

Photochemistry

800

(4)

Group Theory

804

(11)

Summary

815

(8)

Statistical Mechanics

823

(56)

Statistical Mechanics

823

(1)

The Canonical Ensemble

824

(9)

Canonical Partition Function for a System of Noninteracting Particles

833

(4)

Canonical Partition Function of a Pure Ideal Gas

837

(2)

The Boltzmann Distribution Law for Noninteracting Molecules

839

(4)

Statistical Thermodynamics of Ideal Diatomic and Monatomic Gases

843

(11)

Statistical Thermodynamics of Ideal Polyatomic Gases

854

(3)

Ideal-Gas Thermodynamic Properties and Equilibrium Constants

857

(4)

Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics

861

(2)

Intermolecular Forces

863

(6)

Statistical Mechanics of Fluids

869

(3)

Summary

872

(7)

Theories of Reaction Rates

879

(36)

Hard-Sphere Collision Theory of Gas-Phase Reactions

879

(3)

Potential-Energy Surfaces

882

(7)

Molecular Reaction Dynamics

889

(5)

Transition-State Theory for Ideal-Gas Reactions

894

(10)

Thermodynamic Formulation of TST for Gas-Phase Reactions

904

(2)

Unimolecular Reactions

906

(2)

Trimolecular Reactions

908

(1)

Reactions in Solution

908

(4)

Summary

912

(3)

Solids and Liquids

915

(41)

Solids and Liquids

915

(1)

Polymers

916

(1)

Chemical Bonding in Solids

916

(2)

Cohesive Energies of Solids

918

(1)

Theoretical Calculation of Cohesive Energies

919

(3)

Interatomic Distances in Crystals

922

(2)

Crystal Structures

924

(5)

Examples of Crystal Structures

929

(4)

Determination of Crystal Structures

933

(5)

Determination of Surface Structures

938

(2)

Band Theory of Solids

940

(3)

Statistical Mechanics of Crystals

943

(4)

Defects in Solids

947

(1)

Liquids

948

(4)

Summary

952

(4)

Bibliography

956

(4)

Appendix

960

(2)

Answers to Selected Problems

962

(4)

Index

966

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Physical Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

9780072534955

0072534958

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Physical Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

9780072534955

0072534958

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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