9780321845986

This combination rhetoric/reader helps readers develop strategies for critical reading, critical thinking, research, and writing that will help the reader argue clearly and convincingly. It teaches them to identify and develop arguments, to read and form reactions and opinions of their own, to analyze an audience, to seek common ground, and to use a wide, realistic range of techniques to write argument papers that express their individual views and original perspectives on modern issues.

Contents

Alternate Table of Contents

Preface

Part I: Engaging with Argument for Reading, Writing, and Viewing Images

Chapter 1: A Perspective on Argument

What Is Your Current Perspective on Argument?

A Definition of Argument

Recognizing Traditional and Consensual Argument

Recognizing Visual Argument

Under What Conditions Does Argument Work Best?

Under What Conditions Does Argument Fail?

Distinguish Between Ethical and Unethical Argument

Recognizing Argument in the 21^st Century

How Should You Engage with Issues?

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Essays for Analysis

*Felix Carroll, “No escape from 'helicopter parents”

Abby Ellin, “The Laptop Ate My Attention Span”

Prisna Virasin, “The Barbie Controversy”

Images for Analysis

Image 1. Blessed Art Thou

Image 2. The Tide Is High

Chapter 2: The Rhetorical Situation: Understanding Audience and Context

Analyze the Rhetorical Situation When You Read an Argument

Analyze the Rhetorical Situation When You View a Visual Argument

Analyze the Rhetorical Situation When You Encounter an Argument Online

Use the Rhetorical Situation When You Write an Argument

Conducting an Audience Analysis

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Essays for Analysis

Chris Piper, “‘A’ Is for “Absent”

*Will Harrel, “A Defense of Grade Deflation”

*Library of Congress, “The Civil Rights Era”

Images for Analysis

Image 1. Rosa Parks Rides in the Front of the Bus

Image 2. Auschwitz Victims of Medical Experiments

Image 3. Camp Officials at Leisure

Worksheet 1: Rhetorical Situation

Chapter 3: Reading, Thinking, and Writing about Issues

Getting Started on a Writing Assignment

Read to Develop Arguments for Your Paper

Take Notes and Avoid Plagiarism

Write Your Paper, Read It, Think About It, and Revise It

Practice Your Process by Writing These Papers

Submit Your Paper for Peer Review

Expressing Multiple Perspectives Through Visual Argument

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Essays for Analysis

Jerry Adler, “The Race for Survival”

Gina Kolata, “Psst! Ask for Donor 1913”

*Randy Cohen, “When Texting Is Wrong”

Prisna Virasin, “The Controversy Behind Barbie”

*Congressional Research Service, “Flag Protection: A History of Recent Supreme Court Decisions”

Images for Analysis

Image 1. Sperm Donors

Image 2. Three Perspectives on the American Flag as a Symbol

Worksheet 2: Explanatory Paper

Part II: Understanding the Nature of Argument for Reading, Writing, and Viewing Images

Chapter 4: The Essential Parts of an Argument: The Toulmin Model

The Outcomes of Argument: Probability versus Certainty

The Parts of an Argument According to the Toulmin Model

Value of the Toulmin Model for Reading, Writing, and Viewing Argument

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Images for Analysis

Image 1. Sense of Community, Advertisement

Image 2. “The Price of Oranges” Cartoon

Essays for Analysis

Virginia Heffernan, “Calling Blue: And on That Farm He Had a Cellphone”

Mohamed T. Diaby, Jr., “Toulmin Analysis of ‘The Price of Oranges’”

Richard D. Rieke and Malcolm O. Sillars, “American Value Systems”

Chapter 5: Types of Claims

Five Types of Claims

Value of the Claim Types and the Claim Questions for Reading, Viewing, and Writing Argument

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Essays for Analysis

Haya El Nasser, “Fewer Call Themselves Multiracial”

Editorial, “Brother, Can You Spare A Word?”

*Jeffrey Young, “High Tech Cheating Abounds, and Professors Are Partly to Blame”

Mortimer B. Zuckerman, “What Sets Us Apart”

*Rebecca Cho, “Is Bottled Water a Moral Issue?”

Michael Crichton, “Let’s Stop Scaring Ourselves”

Jim Holt, “Unintelligent Design”

Barry Schwartz, “When It’s All Too Much”

Images for Analysis

Image 1: War Casualties

Image 2: Lunch at the United States — Mexico Border Fence

Image 3: The Rhône Glacier

Image 4: Liberate Your Cool

Image 5: Corn Power

Chapter 6: Types of Proof

The Traditional Categories of Proof

Types of Logical Proof: Logos

Proof That Builds Credibility: Ethos

Types of Emotional Proof: Pathos

Logos, Ethos, and Pathos Communicated Through Language and Style

Value of the Proofs for Reading, Viewing, and Writing Argument

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Images for Analysis

Image 1: Meet the Philip Morris Generation, Advertisement

Image 2: Helping Out

Image 3: Who Has the Money? Chart

*Image 4: Inner City Housing

*Image 5: Little Girl on Bed in Rundown Bedroom

Essays for Analysis

Anna Quindlen, “Undocumented, Indispensable”

*Government Accountability Office, “Poverty in America: Consequences for Individuals and the Economy”

Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence

Chapter 7: The Fallacies and Ethical Argument

Fallacies in Logic

Fallacies that Affect Character or Ethos

Emotional Fallacies

Ethics and Morality in Argument

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Images for Analysis

Image 1: A Vitamin Ad

Image 2: A Body Spray Ad

Image 3: An Ad for a Blog

Image 4: President Lincoln Among the Crowd at Gettysburg

Image 5: The Soldier’s National Monument that Stands in the Center of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Essays for Analysis

Kelly Dickerson, “Minor Problems?”

Rush Limbaugh, “The Latest from the Feminist ‘Front’”

The Gettysburg Address

Chapter 8: Visual Argument

Recognizing Visual Argument

Why Visual Argument Is Convincing: Eight Special Features

Recognizing the Visual in Online Argument

Using Argument Theory to Critique Visual Argument

Bias in Visual Argument

Sample Analysis of a Visual Argument

Add Visual Argument to Support Written Argument

Create Visual Arguments That Stand Alone

Arguing Like a Citizen

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Images for Analysis

Image 1. West Bank Barrier

Image 2. Crossing Over

Image 3. Coming Home to a Destroyed Neighborhood

Image 4. LeBron James

Image 5 At Home Outdoors

Multiple Visual Perspectives on an Issue for Analysis

Image 1. Adam and God

Image 2. Play Ball

Image 3. Robot with a Grappler

Image 4. Missionary and Child

Cartoon: ”Get Out!” for Analysis

Visual Arguments Created by Students

Student Visual Argument 1. Untitled Collage

Student Visual Argument 2. Never Again

Analytical Essay on Never Again

Student Visual Argument 3. Farm Town News

Analytical Essay on Farm Town News

Worksheet 3: Visual Argument Development

Chapter 9: Rogerian Argument and Common Ground

Achieving Common Ground in Rogerian Argument

Rogerian Argument as Strategy

Rogerian Argument Online

Writing Rogerian Argument

Rogerian Argument in Academic Writing

Using Rogerian Principles to Argue Like a Citizen

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Essays for Analysis

Edward O. Wilson, “The Future of Life”

Angela A. Boatwright, “Human Cloning: Is It a Viable Option?”

Eric Hartman, “Let Those Who Ride Decide!”

Elizabeth Nabhan, “Dear Boss”

Images for Analysis

Image 1. Hands Across the World

Image 2. Bridging the Gap

Image 3. Bipartisanship and What It Can Achieve

Chapter 10: Review and Synthesis of the Strategies for Reading, Writing, and Viewing Argument

Reading for the Argument Analysis Paper

Writing the Argument Analysis Paper

Rhetorical Situation for “A Call to Unity: A Letter from Eight White Clergymen” and “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Focus Topics to Help You Analyze the Letters

Letters for Analysis

“A Call for Unity: A Letter from Eight White Clergymen”

Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Part III: Writing a Research Paper That Presents an Argument

Chapter 11: The Research Paper: Planning, Research, and Invention

Understanding the Assignment and Getting Started

Writing a Claim and Clarifying Your Purpose

Some Preliminary Questions to Help You Narrow and Develop Your Claim

Developing a Research Plan

Understanding the Audience

Analyzing Your Class as Your Audience

Constructing an Unfamiliar Audience

Using Information About Your Audience

Get Organized for Research

Locating Sources for Research

Evaluating Sources

Create a Bibliography

Taking and Organizing Your Notes

Two Invention Strategies to Help You Think Creatively about Your Research and Expand Your Own Ideas

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Worksheet 4: Claim Development

Worksheet 5: Research Plan

Worksheet 6: Audience Analysis

Annotated Bibliography

Student Paper: Angela Boatwright, “Human Cloning: An Annotated Bibliography”

Add Visual Material to the Annotated Bibliography

Example Image: Welcome Clones of 2012

Worksheet 7: Research

Worksheet 8: Research Evaluation

Worksheet 9: Invention

Worksheet 10: Proofs and Language Development

Chapter 12: The Research Paper: Using Sources, Writing, and Revising

How to Match Patterns and Support to Claims

Outline Your Paper and Cross-Reference Your Notes

Incorporating Research into Your First Draft

Make Revisions and Prepare the Final Copy

Present Your Paper Orally to the Class

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Appendix to Chapter 12: How to Document Sources Using MLA and APA Styles

How to Document Sources Using MLA Style

MLA: How to Cite Sources in the Body of the Text

MLA: How to Cite Sources in the Works Cited Page

Questions on the Researched Position Paper, MLA Style

MLA Student Paper

Prisna Virasin, “The Big Barbie Controversy”

How to Document Sources Using APA Style

APA: How to Cite Sources in the References Page

APA Student Paper

Darrell D. Greer, Alaskan Wolf Management

Questions on the Researched Position Paper, APA Style

Part IV: Further Applications: Argument and Literature

Chapter 13: Argument and Literature

Finding and Analyzing Arguments in Literature

Writing Arguments About Literature

Review Questions

Exercises and Activities

Literature for Analysis

Poem: Langston Hughes, “Theme for English B”

Poem: Taylor Mali, “Totally Like Whatever, You Know?”

Poem: Robert Frost, “Mending Wall”

Short Story: Ursula K. LeGuin, “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas”

*Graphic Novel: Art Spiegelman, Maus: A Survivor’s Tale

Part V: The Reader

Introduction

Purpose of “The Reader”

How to Use “The Reader”

Section 1: Issues Concerning Families and Personal Relationships

The Issues

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

Film and Literature Related to Families and Personal Relationships

The Rhetorical Situation

A. What Is the Status of the Traditional American Family? How is the Family Being Redefined?

Megan Kelso, “Watergate Sue: Epilogue”

*Sarah Yoest Pederson, “A Family of a Different Feather”

*Lorraine Ali, “The Curious Lives of Surrogates”

*Stacy Morrison, “The Ex-Husband Who Never Left”

B. What Causes Personal Relationships to Succeed or Fail?

Steven Pinker, “Crazy Love”

*Christine Hassler, “Digital Dating: Desperation or Necessity?”

Reading Images: Movie Madness

Anita Jain, “Is Arranged Marriage Really Any Worse Than Craigslist?”

Jennifer 8. Lee, “The Man Date”

Questions to Help You Think and Write About Family and Personal Relationships

Section 2: Issues Concerning Modern Technology

The Issues

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

Films and Literature Related to Modern Technology

The Rhetorical Situation

A. How Are Web 2.0 Technologies Changing the Way We Live and Our Knowledge of the World?

*Nicholas Carr, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?”

Andrew Keen, “Introduction, The Cult of the Amateur”

*Clay Shirky, “Does the Internet Make You Smarter?”

Reading Images: Ways of Reading

Matthew Kirschenbaum, “How Reading Is Being Reimagined”

B. What Are the Benefits and Dangers of Genetic Engineering for Individuals and for Society?

Ray Kurzweil, “Our Bodies, Our Technologies”

Peggy Orenstein, “Your Gamete, Myself”

*Kathleen Craig, “Making a Living in Second Life”

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Modern Technology

Section 3: Issues Concerning Education and School

The Issues

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

Films and Literature Related to Education and School

The Rhetorical Situation

A. How Should Our Current Education System Be Reformed?

*John Taylor Gatto, “Take Back Your Education”

*Scott Jaschik, “Getting Out of Grading”

*Kevin Carey, “College Consumerism Run Amok”

*Linda Morgan, “I’m Bored! What Your Child is Really Telling You”

B. What Role Should Technology Play in Education?

*Sarah Perez, “Social Network Profile Costs Woman College Degree”

*Mira Jacob, “The Great Baby Einstein Scam”

*Zach Miners, “Twitter Goes to College”

*Kerry Soper, “Rate My Professor’s Appearance”

Questions to Help You Think and Write About Education and School

Section 4: Issues Concerning Race, Culture, and Identity

The Issues

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

Films and Literature Related to Race, Culture, and Identity

The Rhetorical Situation

A. How Important Is Race to American Identity?

Emma Daly, “DNA Test Gives Students Ethnic Shocks”

Reading Images: Racial Role Reversal in William Shakespeare’s Othello

Martin Luther King Jr., “I Have a Dream”

K.A. Dilday, “Go Back to Black”

B. To What Extent Does Individual Identity Depend on Ethnic Affiliation?”

*Roger Simon, “What Happened to Post-Racial America?

Dorinne K. Kondo, “On Being a Conceptual Anomaly”

Katie Halper, “Digging For Roots at Secular Camp”

Richard Rodriguez, “Surnames Reflect Changing Face of America”

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Race, Culture, and Identity

Section 5: Issues Concerning the Environment

The Issues

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

Film and Literature Related to the Environment

The Rhetorical Situation

A. Is Global Warming a Problem, and If It Is, What Can Be Done about It?

Al Gore, “An Inconvenient Truth” Introduction

George F. Will, “An Inconvenient Price”

Gregg Easterbrook, “Some Convenient Truths”

Brian Clark, “The Butterfly Effect and the Environment: How Tiny Actions Can Save the World”

B. How Can We Resolve the Economy versus Environment Debate?

Reading Images: Coal Mining and the Environment

*Daniel Stone, “Slaves to Industry”

Reading Images: The Rain Forest

Stuart Price, “Carving Up the Congo”

*Lisa Hamilton, “Unconventional Farmers; Let Them Eat Meat”

Brian Wingfield, “For Job Market, Green Means Growth”

Reading Images: “Near-Zero Energy Home” Advertisement

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Issues of the Environment

Section 6: Issues Concerning Immigration

The Issues

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

Films and Literature Related to Immigration

The Rhetorical Situation

A. How Should We Respond to the Global Problem of Illegal Immigration?

Marc Cooper, “Exodus”

Peter Wilby, “The Right to Sell Labor”

*Angela Maria Kelley, “The Changing Face of Immigration in America”

B. Do Good Fences Mark Good Neighbors When Defining National Borders?

Jonah Goldberg, “To Wall or Not to Wall”

*David Aaronovitch, “It’s Not Immigrations We Fear, It’s Change”

Reading Images: What Is American?

Miguel Bustillo, “Town Against the Wall”

C. What Is the Relationship between Immigration and Nationality?

Arian Campo-Flores, “America’s Divide”

Jae Ran Kim, “The Great American Melting Pot?”

Lynn Ahrens, “The Great American Melting Pot”

Reading Images: American Ideals

James Montague, “They Just Won’t Mix”

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Immigration

Section 7: Issues Concerning War and Peace

The Issues

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

Films and Literature Related to War and Peace

The Rhetorical Situation

A. Is War Inevitable? How Does War Become Integral to Society?”

William James, “The Moral Equivalent of War”

Reading Images: War Memorials and Martial Character

Margaret Mead, “Warfare: An Invention — Not a Biological Necessity”

Reading Images: Seeking Shelter Where He Can Find It

*David Goodman, “A Few Good Kids?”

B. How Do People Justify War?

*Noah Charles Pierce, “Iraq War Poems”

*Frank Deford, “Sweetness and Light”

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Perspectives on Argument with NEW MyCompLab -- Access Card Package

Perspectives on Argument with NEW MyCompLab -- Access Card Package

0321845986

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials