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Perspectives on Argument

by: Wood, Nancy V.

Perspectives on Argument

by: Wood, Nancy V.

ISBN 13:
9780131823747
ISBN 10:
0131823744
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2004
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Summary

For freshman/sophomore-level writing courses that teach argumentation. This combination rhetoric/reader helps students develop strategies for critical reading, critical thinking, research, and writing that will help them argue clearly and convincingly. Every chapter includes essays for analysis and writing activities. Unique chapters on influences on argument (nationality, gender, etc.), arguing about literature, and visual and oral arguments round out this thoroughly class-tested approach.

Alternate Table of Contents

xxi

Preface

xxv

Acknowledgments

xxx

Part One Engaging with Argument for Reading and Writing

(124)

A Perspective on Argument

(26)

What Is Your Current Perspective on Argument?

(1)

Developing a Broad Perspective on Argument

(1)

Forms of Argument

(3)

Under What Conditions Does Argument Work Best?

(3)

Under What Conditions Does Argument Fail?

(2)

Engaging with Issues

(3)

Examples of Arguable Issues

(1)

How Should You Engage with Issues?

(4)

Review Questions

(1)

Exercises and Activities

(1)

Essays for Analysis

Pay Your Own Way! (Then Thank Mom)

(2)

Audrey Rock-Richardson

A student extols the benefits of paying one's own way in college

The Laptop Ate My Attention Span

(4)

Abby Ellin

Students, according to this author, often misuse their laptops when they bring them to their classes

Censoring the Internet

(1)

Lada Carlisle

This student issue proposal examines a privacy issue

Developing Your Personal Argument Style

(33)

The Adversarial and Consensual Styles of Argument

(1)

Individual Styles of Argument

(1)

Influence of Background, Experience, and Role Models

(1)

Influence of Gender

(4)

Influence of Culture

(6)

Influence of Nationality

(3)

Review Questions

(1)

Exercises and Activities

(3)

Essays for Analysis

We Knew What Glory Was

(2)

Shirlee Taylor Haizlip

The daughter of a black Baptist minister describes her churchgoing experiences as a child and contrasts them now with the effects of church burnings in the South

A View from Berkeley

(3)

Chang-Lin Tien

A former chancellor of the University of California at Berkeley expresses his views on affirmative action

Giving People a Second Chance

(2)

Ernest Martinez

The author, a prison vocational trainer, claims that prisoners who have been rehabilitated and who have had vocational training deserve a job when they leave prison

One of Our Own: Training Native Teachers for the 21st Century

(2)

Suzette Brewer

According to this author, Native American children should be taught by native teachers

Why I Want a Wife

(2)

Judy Brady

Brady suggests that anyone would want a wife so long as the wife's job is to do all of the chores no one else wants to do

A Simple ``Hai'' Won't Do

(2)

Reiko Hatsumi

Hai, or ``yes,'' in Japan means different things depending on the context

A Process for Reading Argument

(29)

Recognizing Written Argument

(2)

How Do You Read Now?

(1)

Prereading Strategies

(2)

Reading Strategies

(6)

Strategies for Reading Difficult Material

(1)

Postreading Strategies

(3)

Organizing a Process for Reading Argument

(2)

Review Questions

(1)

Exercises and Activities

(1)

Essays for Analysis

Jobs Illuminate What Riots Hid: Young Ideals

(3)

Sara Rimer

Not all young African Americans in South-Central Los Angeles meet the popular stereotype

Don't Know Much about History

(3)

Roberta Israeloff

The author complains that her young son is learning far less in his history class than she did at his age

The Road to Unreality

(5)

Mark Slouka

This article suggests that modern technology may be changing people's experiences of reality

A Process for Writing Argument

(34)

How Do You Write Now?

(1)

Prewriting Strategies

(9)

Writing the First Draft

102

(1)

Special Strategies to Use If You Get Stuck

103

(1)

Postwriting Strategies

104

(5)

Organizing a Process for Writing Argument

109

(1)

The Exploratory Paper

109

(5)

How to Write an Exploratory Paper

114

(2)

Review Questions

116

(1)

Exercises and Activities

116

Essays for Analysis

A Room of Their Own

112

(5)

LynNell Hancock

Claudia Kalb

This exploratory article describes several perspectives on single-sex classes

Coming and Going

117

(3)

Nathan Glazer

Another exploratory article presents several perspectives on immigration

Trial by Jury: A Fundamental Right and a Flawed System

120

(5)

Tanya Pierce

This student-written exploratory paper explains different perspectives on the jury system

Part Two Understanding the Nature of Argument for Reading and Writing

125

(168)

The Essential Parts of an Argument: The Toulmin Model

126

(33)

The Outcomes of Argument: Probability versus Certainty

126

(1)

The Parts of an Argument according to the Toulmin Model

127

(17)

Claim

131

(2)

Support

133

(4)

Warrants

137

(5)

Backing

142

(1)

Rebuttal

142

(1)

Qualifiers

143

(1)

Value of the Toulmin Model for Reading and Writing Argument

144

(1)

Review Questions

145

(1)

Exercises and Activities

145

(2)

Essays For Analysis

Automobile Advertisement

147

(1)

Practice finding the claim, support, and warrants in an advertisement for an automobile

What's Happened to Disney Films?

148

(2)

John Evans

This author claims that modern Disney films for children lack decency and are often offensive

Toulmin Analysis of ``What's Happened to Disney Films?''

150

(2)

Beth Brunk

This represents a student example of a Toulmin analysis of an essay

American Value Systems

152

(7)

Richard D. Rieke

Malcolm O. Sillars

The authors argue that individuals have value systems that can be categorized and characterized and, thus, help with an understanding of value warrants

Types of Claims

159

(38)

Getting a Sense of the Purpose and Parts of an Argument

160

(1)

Five Types of Claims

160

(14)

Claims of Fact

161

(2)

Claims of Definition

163

(3)

Claims of Cause

166

(2)

Claims of Value

168

(3)

Claims of Policy

171

(3)

Claims and Argument in Real Life

174

(3)

Value of the Claims and the Claim Questions for Reading and Writing Argument

177

(1)

Review Questions

178

(1)

Exercises and Activities

178

Essays for Analysis

Debunking the Digital Divide

162

(2)

Robert Samuelson

The prediction that computer use would become unequally divided between the rich and the poor has not been borne out

Zygotes and People Aren't Quite the Same

164

(3)

Michael S. Gazzaniga

A scientist provides some definitions that are essential for the cloning debate

Paying the Price of Female Neglect

167

(3)

Susan Dentzer

The author argues in favor of better treatment of women in developing nations

What's Wrong with Standard Tests?

170

(2)

Ted Sizer

This author claims that standardized test scores do not correlate with long-term success or failure

Campus Climate Control

172

(6)

Katie Roiphe

This article addresses the issue of adult supervision of college students

Gene Tests: What You Know Can Hurt You

178

(2)

Barbara Koenig

The author discusses some of the problems associated with genetic testing

Without a Safety Net

180

(5)

Barbara Ehrenreich

Frances Fox Piven

The authors detail some of the effects of welfare reform

Reading, Writing, Narcissism

185

(2)

Lilian G. Katz

This author claims that some efforts in school to improve students' self-esteem have become self-congratulatory and ineffective

Devising New Math to Define Poverty

187

(2)

Louis Uchitelle

The Census Bureau has set new thresholds for poverty that have new implications

Bringing Up Adultolescents

189

(4)

Peg Tyre

When should adult children start paying their own way?

Hold Your Horsepower

193

(4)

Lyla Fox

Are students too eager to go to work and buy a car when they should be studying instead?

Types of Proof

197

(34)

The Traditional Categories of Proof

197

(2)

Types of Logical Proof: Logos

199

(10)

A Mnemonic Device

200

(1)

Argument from Sign

200

(1)

Argument from Induction

201

(1)

Argument from Cause

202

(1)

Argument from Deduction

203

(2)

Argument from Historical, Literal, or Figurative Analogy

205

(2)

Argument from Definition

207

(1)

Argument from Statistics

208

(1)

Proof That Builds Credibility: Ethos

209

(1)

Argument from Authority

209

(1)

Types of Emotional Proof: Pathos

210

(2)

Motivational Proofs

211

(1)

Value Proofs

211

(1)

A Mnemonic Device

212

(1)

Logos, Ethos, and Pathos Communicated through Language and Style

212

(6)

Language That Appeals to Logic

212

(1)

Language That Develops Ethos

213

(2)

Language That Appeals to Emotion

215

(1)

Ethics and Morality in Argument

216

(2)

Value of the Proofs for Reading and Writing Argument

218

(1)

Review Questions

219

(1)

Exercises and Activities

219

(1)

Essays for Analysis

Meet the Philip Morris Generation, Advertisement

220

(1)

Evaluate how proofs are used in an advertisement

Censorship or Common Sense?

221

(1)

Roxana Robinson

This author argues that children should be protected from some of the material on the Internet

The Future Is Ours to Lose

222

(4)

Naomi Wolf

Women need to become more conscious of their history and protect the gains they have made

The Declaration of Independence

226

(5)

Thomas Jefferson

Reasons are given for severing ties with England and establishing a new country

The Fallacies or Pseudoproofs

231

(14)

Fallacies in Logic

232

(2)

Fallacies That Affect Character or Ethos

234

(1)

Emotional Fallacies

235

(1)

Review Questions

236

(1)

Exercises and Activities

236

(1)

Essays for Analysis

Vitamin Advertisement

237

(1)

Practice finding the fallacies in an advertisement

The Latest from the Feminist ``From''

238

(4)

Rush Limbaugh

The author claims that feminism was established so that unattractive women could have better access to mainstream society

Minor Problems?

242

(3)

Kelly Dickerson

A student-written position paper illustrates how the Toulmin model, the claim questions, the proof questions, and the questions to evaluate support and eliminate fallacies can be used to plan and write argument papers

Rogerian Argument and Common Ground

245

(48)

Achieving Common Ground in Rogerian Argument

247

(1)

Rogerian Argument as Strategy

248

(2)

Writing Rogerian Argument

250

(1)

Variations of Rogerian Argument

251

(1)

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Rogerian Argument

252

(1)

Review Questions

253

(1)

Exercises and Activities

253

(2)

Essays For Analysis

When Special Care Is Called For, Advertisement

255

(2)

This advertisement takes a Rogerian approach to environmental problems

Human Cloning: Is It a Viable Option?

257

(3)

Angela A. Boatwright

A student Rogerian argument attempts to reconcile conflicting ideas about cloning human beings

Special Education's Best Intentions

260

(3)

Lois Agnew

A student Rogerian argument explains the problems associated with educating handicapped students; it is written for a hostile audience

Dear Mom

263

(3)

Taryn Barnett

A student Rogerian argument written in letter form aims to persuade Mom to allow the author to stay in her apartment

The Great Campus Goof-Off Machine? Not for All Students

266

(1)

Jeff Burkholder

This is a student example of a Rogerian response to ``The Great Campus Goof-Off Machine'' by Nate Stulman

The Great Campus Goof-Off Machine

267

(5)

Nate Stulman

The author claims that college students waste a lot of time on their computers

Appendix to Chapter 9: Review and Synthesis of the Strategies For Reading and Writing Argument

272

(3)

Rhetorical Situation For Martin Luther King Jr.'s ``Letter From Birmingham Jail''

272

(2)

Reading the Letters and Reporting to the Class

274

(1)

Letters For Analysis

A Call for Unity: A Letter from Eight White Clergymen

275

(2)

This letter, written by eight white clergymen in Alabama, prompted Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous response

Letter from Birmingham Jail

277

(16)

Martin Luther King Jr

This is the letter King wrote in jail, justifying his participation in the civil rights movement

Part Three Writing a Research Paper That Presents an Argument

293

(100)

The Research Paper: Clarifying Purpose and Understanding the Audience

294

(18)

Understanding the Assignment and Getting Started

295

(1)

Writing a Claim and Clarifying Your Purpose

295

(2)

The Rhetorical Situation

296

(1)

Questions to Plan Claim and Purpose

296

(1)

Some Preliminary Questions to Help You Develop Your Claim

297

(2)

Preliminary Plan

299

(1)

Understanding the Audience

300

(3)

Analyzing a Familiar Audience

303

(2)

Constructing an Unfamiliar Audience

305

(2)

Using Information about Your Audience

307

(1)

New Yorker Cartoon

308

(1)

Review Questions

309

(1)

Exercises and Activities

309

(3)

The Research Paper: Invention and Research

312

(32)

Using Burke's Pentad to Establish Cause

312

(2)

Using Chains of Reasons to Develop Greater Depth of Analysis and Detail

314

(1)

Using Argument Theory to Think Systematically about Your Issue

315

(3)

Analyze the Rhetorical Situation

315

(1)

Use the Toulmin Model

315

(2)

Plan Your Proofs

317

(1)

Presenting Statistics in Graphs and Charts

318

(1)

Using Proofs and Support Appropriate for the Purpose or Type of Claim

319

(3)

Using Organizational Patterns to Help You Think

322

(1)

Suggestions to Help You with Library and Online Research

323

(9)

Get Organized for Research

323

(1)

Learn to Use the Card Catalog or the Computer Index

324

(1)

Use Your Preliminary Plan to Guide Your Research

324

(1)

Search for Information in the Library

325

(1)

Search for Information Online

326

(2)

Create a Bibliography

328

(2)

Survey and Skim

330

(1)

Read Creatively to Generate Ideas

330

(1)

Take Notes and Fill In Your Outline

331

(1)

Evaluating Print and Online Sources

332

(2)

Review Questions

334

(1)

Exercises and Activities

335

(3)

Annotated Bibliography

338

(6)

Human Cloning: An Annotated Bibliography

338

(6)

Angela A. Boatwright

This is a student-written annotated bibliography about human cloning

The Research Paper: Organizing, Writing, and Revising

344

(49)

Using Organization to Help Your Reader Understand

344

(3)

Using Organizational Patterns to Help You Think and Organize

347

(6)

Claim with Reasons (or Reasons Followed by Claim)

347

(1)

Cause and Effect (or Effect and Cause)

348

(1)

Applied Criteria

348

(1)

Problem-Solution

348

(1)

Chronology or Narrative

348

(1)

Deduction

349

(1)

Induction

349

(1)

Comparison and Contrast

349

(1)

Rogerian Argument

349

(1)

Motivated Sequence

350

(1)

Exploration

351

(1)

How to Match Patterns to Claims

352

(1)

Outlining Your Paper and Cross-Referencing Your Notes

353

(3)

Essay for Analysis

The Highs of Low Technology

356

(2)

Johanne Mednick

This author enjoys her old bicycle in the age of high technology

Incorporating Research into Your First Draft

358

(6)

Clearly Identify Words and Ideas from Outside Sources

360

(1)

Avoid Plagiarism

361

(2)

Document Your Sources

363

(1)

Making Revisions and Preparing the Final Copy

364

(1)

Review Questions

365

(1)

Exercises and Activities

365

(2)

Appendix to Chapter 12: How to Document Sources Using MLA and APA Styles

367

(12)

How to Write In-Text Parenthetical Citations

367

(4)

How to Write the List of ``Works Cited'' (MLA) or ``References'' (APA)

371

(8)

Paper in MLA Style

The Importance of Jury Instructions

379

(7)

Tanya Pierce

A student paper examines shortcomings in the current jury system, as an example of MLA style

Paper in APA Style

Alaskan Wolf Management

386

(7)

Darrell D. Greer

A student paper argues in favor of exterminating wolves to preserve the caribou and moose herds, as an example of APA style

Part Four Further Applications: Visual and Oral Argument/Argument and Literature

393

(44)

Visual and Oral Argument

394

(21)

Recognizing Visual and Oral Argument

395

(1)

Why Is Visual Argument Convincing?

395

(7)

Why Is Oral Argument Convincing?

402

(1)

Using Argument Theory to Critique Visual and Oral Argument

403

(1)

Sample Analysis of a Visual Argument

404

(2)

Review Questions

406

(1)

Exercises and Activities

407

(1)

Visual and Oral Arguments for Analysis

Advertisement for Computers

408

(3)

This ad suggests reasons for buying a particular brand of computer

I Have a Dream

411

(4)

Martin Luther King Jr.

This classic speech was given in Washington, D.C., during the civil rights movement

Color Portfolio of Visual Arguments and Questions for Discussion and Writing

Plate 1: We Never Met a Mom Who Wasn't Working

Plate 2: Buzz Aldrin on the Moon

Plate 3: Bringing Up Adultolescents

Plate 4: The Creation of Adam

Plate 5: Play Ball

Plate 6: Robot with Grappler Holding a Wounded Palestinian

Plate 7: Hands

Plate 8: Tree near El Paso, Texas

Plate 9: Boy Swims in Heavily Polluted Lake

Plate 10: Art (student example of visual argument)

Argument and Literature

415

(22)

Finding and Analyzing Arguments in Literature

416

(4)

What Is at Issue? What Is the Claim?

416

(2)

Characters Making Arguments

418

(2)

Writing Arguments about Literature

420

(2)

Review Questions

422

(1)

Exercises and Activities

422

(1)

Literature for Analysis

Poem: Langston Hughes / Theme for English B

423

(2)

A young black student in Harlem is assigned an English paper

Short Story: Ursula K. Le Guin / The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas

425

(5)

Everyone in this town seems very happy, but are they?

Argument in a Literary Essay: Jonathan Swift / A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country

430

(7)

Think about how you should take this unusual proposal for helping the poor in Ireland in the eighteenth century

Synthesis of Chapters 1--14: Summary Charts

437

(12)

Trace: The Rhetorical Situation

438

(1)

The Process: Reading and Writing

439

(1)

The Toulmin Model

440

(1)

Types of Claims

441

(2)

Types of Proof and Tests of Validity

443

(6)

Part Five The Reader

449

(4)

Introduction to ``The Reader'': Reading and Writing about Issue Areas

451

(2)

Purpose of ``The Reader''

451

(1)

How to Use ``The Reader''

452

(1)

Questions to Help You Read Critically and Analytically

452

(1)

Questions to Help You Read Creatively and Move from Reading to Writing

452

(1)

Section I: Issues Concerning Families, Marriages, and Relationships

453

(41)

The Issues

453

(1)

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

454

(1)

The Rhetorical Situation

454

(1)

What is the Status of the Traditional American Family? How Far Are We Willing to Go to Find Alternatives?

455

(10)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

455

(1)

The Childless Revolution

455

(3)

Madelyn Cain

Cain makes an argument in favor of career and marriage without children

Building a Better Dad

458

(5)

Jerry Adler

According to Adler, men ought to spend more time with their children

Marriage As We See It

463

(2)

Chris Glaser

Glaser describes the transformation he experienced in a same-sex union and argues in favor of such unions

What Are the Benefits and Pitfalls of Being Married?

465

(16)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

465

(1)

The Marriage Problem: How Our Culture Has Weakened Families

466

(6)

James Q. Wilson

Wilson argues that American culture favors individuals more than families

The Future of Marriage

472

(6)

Stephanie Coontz

Coontz describes her research about some alternative ways of organizing parenthood and marriage

Predators and Nurturers

478

(3)

Sylvia Ann Hewlett

This author claims that marriage is good for women

What Creates Successful Relationships? What Causes Them to Fail?

481

(13)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

481

(1)

The Mystery of Attraction

481

(6)

Harville Hendrix

This author thinks he knows why people are attracted to each other

The Second Shift

487

(2)

Sylvia Ann Hewlett

The latest research shows who takes the main responsibility for the household chores, men or women

Marriage and Divorce American Style

489

(3)

E. Mavis Hetherington

The author claims that marriage is too complex for politicians to be promoting traditional marriage

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Family, Marriage, and Relationship Issues

492

(2)

Section II: Issues in Education

494

(30)

The Issues

494

(1)

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

494

(1)

The Rhetorical Situation

495

(1)

What Should Colleges and Universities Teach? Is There Anything They Should Not Teach?

495

(18)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

495

(1)

A Battle Plan for Professors to Recapture the Curriculum

496

(7)

Frank H. T. Rhodes

A professor emeritus from Cornell University describes how he would change the curriculum he sees in many modern colleges and universities

The Hollow Curriculum

503

(3)

Robert N. Sollod

The author argues in favor of educating students about religion and spirituality

Starting a Gay-Studies Course

506

(3)

Henry Gonshak

This professor describes the difficulties he had introducing a nontraditional course into the college curriculum

Can or Should a College Teach Virtue?

509

(4)

Harry C. Payne

The president of Williams College considers the role of teaching virtue in higher education

What Helps Students Learn and Succeed in College? What Hinders Them?

513

(11)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

513

(1)

The Harvard Guide to Happiness

513

(3)

Kate Zernicke

Recent research at Harvard University looks at factors that improve learning and overall happiness for college students

Getting in Students' Way

516

(3)

Richard J. Light

A professor at Harvard vividly describes the values of a multicultural learning environment

The Banking Concept of Education

519

(4)

Paulo Freire

This classic work in education describes creative ways of teaching and learning that benefit both student and teacher

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Education Issues

523

(1)

Section III: Issues Concerning Crime and the Treatment of Criminals

524

(40)

The Issues

524

(1)

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

525

(1)

The Rhetorical Situation

526

(1)

How Should We Treat Convicted Criminals?

526

(16)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

526

(1)

Reflections from a Life Behind Bars: Build Colleges, Not Prisons

526

(4)

James Gilligan

A former director of mental health for a prison system describes the horrible conditions in prisons and suggests other ways of dealing with prisoners

A Jailbreak for Geriatrics

530

(2)

George F. Will

This author proposes an unusual solution for reducing overcrowding in prisons

Tinkering with Death

532

(7)

Alex Kozinski

The author is a death penalty judge who reflects on what it feels like to send another man to die

One Big Happy Prison

539

(3)

Michael Moore

A filmmaker and political activist reevaluates the death penalty in the United States

What Should Be Done With Young Offenders?

542

(22)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

542

(1)

The Apocalypse of Adolescence

542

(8)

Ron Powers

This author claims there is a new trend among young criminals in the country that makes rehabilitation especially difficult

Not So Alone

550

(5)

Gerard Jones

What influence do violent video games and other media have on young people?

This author's answers may surprise you

A Brain Too Young for Good Judgment

555

(2)

Daniel R. Weinberger

Brains need to be physiologically mature in order to exhibit rational behavior, according to this author

Fairy Tales as a Learning Tool for Young Offenders

557

(2)

Richard Rothstein

This author describes an unusual form of rehabilitation for young offenders

Out of Jail, into Temptation: A Day in a Life

559

(4)

Alan Feuer

A report on the first day out of prison for a convict from New York City. What are his chances for success?

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Crime Issues

563

(1)

Section IV: Issues Concerning Race, Culture, and Identity

564

(32)

The Issues

564

(1)

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

565

(1)

The Rhetorical Situation

565

(1)

How Do Race and Culture Contribute to an Individual's Sense of Identity?

566

(16)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

566

(1)

Teaching Resistance: The Racial Politics of Mass Media

566

(3)

Bell Hooks

This author examines the relationships between blacks and whites on television and in the movies

The Matter of Whiteness

569

(4)

Richard Dyer

Dyer suggests that white people should be considered as members of a race just as members of other races are

Documented/Undocumented

573

(3)

Guillermo Gomez-Pena

This author describes some of the cultural conflicts he has experienced living on the Mexico-United States border

On Being a Conceptual Anomaly

576

(5)

Dorinne K. Kondo

A Japanese American describes her conflict in returning to Japan, where she is expected to observe Japanese cultural traditions

Culture by the Campfire

581

(1)

Esther Pan

Sherry Keene-Osborn

How much of a child's original culture should be retained when that child is being raised by parents of another culture?

To What Extent Should Individuals Allow Their Cultural Heritage To Be Assimilated?

582

(14)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

582

(1)

Asian Identity Crisis

583

(2)

Yahlin Chang

In this evaluation of two Asians who relocate to America, one gives up his original culture, and the other does not. Which route is better?

Educating Ourselves into Coexistence

585

(3)

Anouar Majid

This author argues that students can learn to heal the wounds between Islam and America because of what they hold in common

American Jews and the Problem of Identity

588

(7)

Edward S. Shapiro

This author asks whether being Jewish is a result of religion, culture, race, history, or some combination of these

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Race, Culture, and Identity

595

(1)

Section V: Issues Concerning Freedom

596

(31)

The Issues

596

(1)

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

597

(1)

The Rhetorical Situation

597

(1)

How Rigorously Should We Protect Our Civil Liberties?

598

(6)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

598

(1)

Security versus Civil Liberties

598

(3)

Richard A. Posner

Posner suggests that people should be willing to sacrifice their civil liberties in times of crisis

The Tools of Freedom and Security

601

(3)

Peter Lewis

Lewis points out that the same technologies can guarantee both freedom and security. How should we use them?

How Can We Balance Security Against Privacy in a Technological Age?

604

(12)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

604

(1)

How Private Is Your Life?

604

(3)

Peter Maas

This author identifies the issues associated with computers and privacy

Living under the Electronic Eye

607

(4)

Lisa Guernsey

How much information captured from electronic databases should the government be allowed to use?

Body of Evidence

611

(3)

Dana Hawkins

What are some of the problems with biometrics? What are the implications of making your fingerprint or face structure become your identity card?

The Real Privacy Wars Are Just Over the Horizon

614

(2)

Eric Cohen

Everyone wants to keep some information private, and increasingly that information will become associated with political parties

How Does Profiling Threaten Civil Liberties?

616

(11)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

616

(1)

The Color of Suspicion

617

(5)

Jeffrey Goldberg

The practice of racial profiling by police officers helps catch criminals but also raises questions of fairness and equity

Patriotism vs. Ethnic Pride: An American Dilemma

622

(1)

Lynette Clemetson

Keith Naughton

Even though Americans were cautioned not to profile following the 9/11 attacks, some did it anyway

Freedom vs. Security

623

(3)

Fareed Zakaria

Zakaria advocates that officials responsible for security adopt the practice of ``smart profiling,'' which he defines in this article

Questions to Help You Think and Write about Freedom Issues

626

(1)

Section VI: Issues Concerning the Future

627

(40)

The Issues

627

(1)

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

627

(1)

The Rhetorical Situation

628

(1)

What Are Some Possible Issues for the Future?

629

(4)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

629

(1)

Looking Back on Tomorrow

629

(4)

David Brooks

This author identifies a number of issues that he thinks will be important in the twenty-first century. Do you agree with him?

What Might Affect the Future of Human Beings?

633

(19)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

633

(1)

Reprogenetics: A Glimpse of Things to Come

633

(5)

Lee M. Silver

With reprogenetics, Silver claims, parents could have complete control over determining the characteristics of their future children

An Inexorable Emergence: Transition to the Twenty-First Century

638

(4)

Ray Kurzweil

This author describes a time when computers may become more intelligent than humans

Could This Pig Save Your Life?

642

(4)

Sheryl Gay Stolberg

This article describes how animal parts may someday be used as transplants for humans

Better Living through Genetics

646

(6)

James Wood

Wood sees some dangers in the development of technologies that could change the nature of the human race

What Might Affect the Future of the Planet?

652

(15)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

652

(1)

The Future of Life

652

(5)

Edward O. Wilson

This well-known authority on science and conservation identifies the problems and the solutions for protecting life on this planet

The Challenges We Face

657

(5)

Jeffrey Kluger

Andrea Dorfman

This article proposes an international agenda for preserving life on this planet

Second Thoughts on Expanding Lifespans

662

(5)

Donald B. Louria

This author claims scientists will soon have the ability to extend people's lifespans considerably, but what are the implications?

Questions to Help You Think about Issues Concerning the Future

667

(1)

Section VII: Issues Concerning War and Peace

667

(40)

The Issues

668

(1)

Web Sites for Further Exploration and Research

669

(1)

The Rhetorical Situation

670

(1)

Is War Inevitable?

671

(13)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

671

(1)

The Moral Equivalent of War

671

(4)

William James

Some people may be drawn to fighting wars, according to this well-known psychologist, but there are other ways to channel such energy

Warfare: An Invention---Not a Biological Necessity

675

(5)

Margaret Mead

This cultural anthropologist says war is not part of people's natural makeup: instead, it is a learned behavior

War Will Be War: No Matter the Era, No Matter the Weapons, the Same Old Hell

680

(4)

Victor Davis Hanson

This author claims that war is eternal, part of the human condition, and there is nothing we can do about that

How Do People Justify War?

684

(8)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

684

(1)

Why We Blow Ourselves Up

685

(1)

Eyad Sarraj

A Palestinian doctor explains why some people find honor in martyrdom

Why We Fight

686

(4)

William J. Bennett

This author explains the concept of a ``just war'' and suggests we should always be prepared to fight one

How Can We Understand Their Hatred?

690

(2)

Elie Wiesel

This Nobel Prize winner explores religious fanaticism and finds some grounds for hope

What Might Help Establish Peace?

692

(15)

Questions to Consider Before You Read

692

(1)

Getting to Peace

692

(4)

William L. Ury

The author gives suggestions for moving from conflict to compromise

The Atomic Bomb

696

(4)

Richard Rhodes

This Pulitzer Prize winner describes the power of the atomic bomb and shows how it has been a force for peace since World War II

All You Need Is Love

700

(4)

Bruce Hoffman

This author describes an unusual method for stopping terrorism

Questions to Help You Think and Write about War and Peace

704

(3)

Credits

707

(4)

Topic Index

711

(6)

Author-Title Index

717

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Perspectives on Argument

Perspectives on Argument

9780131823747

0131823744

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Perspectives on Argument

Perspectives on Argument

9780131823747

0131823744

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

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