This book reviews the synthetic applications of nanomaterials as catalysts, with the chapters emphasizing both catalytic performance and the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts. The reactions and processes covered show the relevance of nanocatalysts across the chemical industry fine chemical, pharmaceutical, renewable energy, and chemical engineering. Nineteen chapters cover the findings of research groups, worldwide perspectives, and expertise in various aspects of nanocatalysis. The first 6 chapters focus on nanocatalysts or nanocatalysis for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions. The next 4 chapters focus on the use of nanocatalysts for oxidation-hydrogenation type reaction. The next 4 chapters cover nanomaterial-based photocatalysis and nanocatalysis for nonconventional sources of energy. The last couple of chapters focus on nanocatalysts and thier applications in the chemical industry. Each chapter includes a representative experimental procedure as an aid to researchers who can try the reactions in their lab without having to go through a further literature search.