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MPSL BB WEB STU ACC STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY HARDCOVER, 7/e

by: GREENBERG

MPSL BB WEB STU ACC STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY HARDCOVER, 7/e

by: GREENBERG

ISBN 13:
9780321243522
ISBN 10:
0321243528
Edition: 7th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2005
Publisher: PEARSON
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Preface

xiv

Part One Introduction: Main Themes

(22)

Democracy and American Politics

(21)

Robert Moses and the Struggle for African American Voting Rights

(1)

Democracy

(12)

The Democratic Idea

(1)

Direct Versus Representative Government

(1)

Fundamental Principles of Representative Democracy

(3)

By the Numbers Is Voting Turnout Declining in the United States?

(3)

Objections to Majoritarian Representative Democracy

(2)

Democracy as an Evaluative Standard: How Democratic Are We?

(1)

A Framework for Understanding How American Politics Works

(7)

Organizing the Main Factors of Political Life

(1)

Connecting the Main Factors of Political Life

(2)

Understanding American Politics Holistically

(1)

Using the Framework The Voting Rights Act

(3)

Part Two Structure

(90)

The Constitution

(26)

Shays's Rebellion

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

(1)

The Political Theory of the Revolutionary Era

(3)

The Declaration of Independence

(2)

The Articles of Confederation: The First Constitution

(1)

Provisions of the Articles

(1)

Shortcomings of the Articles

(1)

Factors Leading to the Constitutional Convention

(3)

The Republican Beliefs of the Founders

(1)

Why the Founders Were Worried

(1)

The Constitutional Convention

(10)

Who Were the Framers?

(2)

Consensus and Conflict at the Convention

(3)

Using the Framework Slavery in the Constitution

(1)

What the Framers Created

(4)

The Struggle to Ratify the Constitution

(2)

The Changing Constitution, Democracy, and American Politics

(5)

How Democratic Are We? A Republic or a Democracy?

(4)

Federalism: States and Nation

(32)

State Attorneys-General Stretch the Boundaries

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

(1)

Federalism as a System of Government

(3)

The Nature of Federalism

(1)

The Roots of Federalism

(2)

Federalism in the Constitution

(4)

Independent State Powers

(1)

The States' Roles in National Government

(1)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict Texas Legislators on the Lam

(1)

Relations Among the States

(2)

The Evolution of American Federalism

(9)

The Perpetual Debate About the Nature of American Federalism

(1)

Federalism Before the Civil War

(2)

The Civil War and the Expansion of National Power

(1)

Expanded National Activity Since the Civil War

(4)

National Grants-in-Aid to the States

(6)

Origin and Growth of Grants

(1)

Categorical Grants

(1)

Block Grants and Revenue Sharing

(1)

Debates About Federal Money and Control

(1)

By the Numbers How Do We Know How Many People There Are in Each of the States?

(2)

U.S. Federalism: Pro and Con

(8)

Using the Framework Out-of-State Tuition

(2)

What Sort of Federalism?

(1)

How Democratic Are We? Federalism, Majority Rule, and Political Equality

(4)

The Structural Foundations of American Government and Politics

(31)

``B-1 Bob'' Learns About His District

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

(1)

American Society: How It Has Changed and Why It Matters

(13)

Growing Diversity

(4)

Changing Location

(1)

Changing Jobs and Occupations

(2)

Income, Wealth, and Poverty

(1)

By the Numbers How Well Is the American Economy Performing?

(3)

Using the Framework The Persistence of Poverty

(2)

The American Economy

(3)

The Triumph of the Industrial Corporation

(1)

The Temporary Fall from Grace

(1)

Globalization and the American Economy

(2)

The United States in the International System

100

(3)

The United States as a Superpower I

100

(2)

The United States as a Superpower II

102

(1)

The Foundational Beliefs of American Political Culture

103

(6)

Individualism

103

(1)

Private Property and Private Enterprise

104

(1)

Distrust of Government

105

(1)

Citizenship and the Nature of the Political Order

106

(1)

Populism

106

(1)

Piety

107

(1)

How Democratic Are We? Is Real Democracy Possible in the United States?

108

(1)

Structural Influences on American Politics

109

(4)

Part Three Political Linkage

113

(196)

Public Opinion

114

(38)

The Vietnam War and the Public

115

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

116

(1)

Democracy and Public Opinion

117

(1)

Measuring Public Opinion

118

(2)

Public Opinion Polls

118

(1)

Traditional and Emerging Problems in Political Polling

119

(1)

Learning Political Beliefs and Attitudes

120

(4)

Agents of Socialization

121

(1)

By the Numbers Do Americans Support Stem Cell Research? How Do We Know Which Survey to Believe?

122

(2)

How People Differ

124

(8)

Race and Ethnicity

124

(3)

Religion

127

(1)

Region

128

(1)

Social Class

129

(1)

Education

130

(1)

Gender

130

(1)

Age

131

(1)

Are the People Fit to Rule?

132

(1)

What People Know About Politics

132

(2)

The Content of Collective Public Opinion

134

(11)

The System in General

134

(2)

Government Performance

136

(1)

Party Identification

137

(2)

Government's Role

139

(1)

Policy Preferences

139

(1)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict Evenly Divided and Increasingly Polarized

140

(4)

Using the Framework Why So Little Gun Control?

144

(1)

The Peoples' ``Fitness to Rule'' Revisited

145

(1)

Is Government Responsive to Public Opinion?

145

(7)

``Yes, It Is''

146

(1)

``No, It's Not''

146

(1)

How Democratic Are We? The Influence of Public Opinion on American Government

147

(5)

The News Media

152

(34)

News Media Coverage of the War and Occupation in Iraq

153

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

154

(1)

Roles of the News Media in Democracy

154

(2)

Watchdog Over Government

155

(1)

Clarifying Electoral Choices

155

(1)

Providing Policy Information

156

(1)

The Media Landscape

156

(6)

Newspapers

156

(2)

Magazines

158

(1)

Radio

158

(1)

Television

158

(1)

The Internet

158

(2)

By the Numbers How Much Serious Crime Is There in the United States?

160

(2)

How the Media Work

162

(13)

Organization of the News Media

162

(3)

Political Newsmaking

165

(4)

Interpreting

169

(1)

Is the News Biased?

170

(2)

Prevailing Themes in Political News

172

(2)

Using the Framework Monica All the Time

174

(1)

Effects of the News Media on Politics

175

(3)

Agenda Setting

176

(1)

Framing and Effects on Policy Preferences

176

(1)

Affecting Policymaking

177

(1)

Fueling Cynicism

177

(1)

Government Regulation of the Media

178

(8)

Print Media

178

(2)

The Electronic Media

180

(1)

The Internet

181

(2)

How Democratic Are We? The Media and Democratic Citizenship

183

(3)

Interest Groups and Business Corporations

186

(30)

The Energy Industry Pushes and Energy Bill

187

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

188

(1)

Interest Groups in a Democratic Society: Contrasting Views

188

(2)

The Evils of Factions

188

(1)

Interest Group Democracy: The Pluralist Argument

189

(1)

Interest Group Formation: Structural, Political Linkage, and Governmental Factors

190

(3)

Diverse Interests

191

(1)

Rules of the Game

191

(1)

The Growth in Government

191

(1)

Disturbances

192

(1)

Incentives

192

(1)

What Interests Are Represented

193

(3)

Private Interest Groups

194

(1)

Public Interest Groups

195

(1)

What Interest Groups Do

196

(5)

The Inside Game

196

(3)

The Outside Game

199

(2)

Possible Flaws in the Pluralist Heaven

201

(7)

Representational Inequalities

201

(1)

Resource Inequalities

201

(1)

By the Numbers Is There a Reliable Way to Evaluate the Performance of Our Representatives in Congress?

202

(2)

Using the Framework Prescription Drugs Under Medicare

204

(4)

Access Inequality

208

(1)

The Special Place of Business Corporations

208

(3)

Curing the Mischief of Factions

211

(5)

How Democratic Are We? Interest Groups and American Politics

212

(4)

Social Movements

216

(22)

Women Win the Right to Vote

217

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

218

(1)

What Are Social Movements?

219

(1)

Major Social Movements in the United States

220

(3)

Social Movements in a Majoritarian Democracy

223

(2)

Encouraging Participation

223

(1)

Overcoming Political Inequality

223

(1)

Creating New Majorities

223

(1)

Overcoming Gridlock

224

(1)

Factors That Encourage the Creation of Social Movements

225

(4)

The Existence of Social Distress

225

(1)

Availability of Resources for Mobilization

226

(1)

A Supportive Environment

227

(1)

A Sense of Efficacy Among Participants

228

(1)

A Spark to Set Off the Flames

229

(1)

Tactics of Social Movements

229

(2)

Why Some Movements Succeed and Others Do Not

231

(7)

Low-Impact Social Movements

231

(1)

Repressed Social Movements

232

(1)

Partially Successful Social Movements

232

(1)

Using the Framework ``Don't Ask, Don't Tell''

233

(1)

Successful Social Movements

234

(2)

How Democratic Are We? Social Movements and American Politics

236

(2)

Political Parties

238

(30)

New Competition for the Party Campaign Machine

239

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

240

(1)

The Role of Political Parties in a Democracy

241

(1)

History of the Two-Party System

242

(5)

The First Party System: Federalists Versus Democratic Republicans

243

(1)

The Second Party System: Democrats Versus Whigs

243

(1)

From the Civil War to 1896: Republicans and Democrats in Balance

244

(1)

The Party System of 1896: Republican Dominance

245

(1)

The New Deal Party System: Democratic Party Dominance

245

(1)

The Sixth Party System: Dealignment and Parity

246

(1)

Why a Two-Party System?

247

(2)

Electoral Rules

249

Restrictions on Minor Parties

(249)

Absence of a Strong Labor Movement

249

(1)

The Role of Minor Parties in the Two-Party System

249

(4)

By the Numbers Does Population Movement and Change Affect the Electoral Fortunes of the Parties?

250

(3)

The Parties as Organizations

253

(9)

The Ambiguous Nature of American Political Parties

253

(1)

The Organization of American Political Parties

254

(2)

The Primacy of Candidates

256

(2)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict Democrats Insist Republicans Pull Bush Ad

258

(1)

Ideology and Program

258

(4)

The Parties in Government and in the Electorate

262

(1)

The Problem of Divided Government

262

(4)

Using the Framework Gridlock

265

(1)

How Democratic Are We? Political Parties and Responsive Government

265

(1)

Parties in the Electorate

266

(2)

Participation, Voting, and Elections

268

(41)

Bush Wins the 2004 Presidential Election

269

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

270

(1)

Elections and Democracy

271

(4)

The Prospective (or Responsible Party) Voting Model

271

(1)

The Electoral Competition Voting Model

272

(1)

The Retrospective (or Reward and Punishment) Voting Model

273

(1)

Imperfect Electoral Democracy

274

(1)

The Nature of American Elections

275

(3)

Using the Framework Elections Bring the New Deal

276

(2)

Political Participation

278

(6)

Expansion of the Franchise

278

(3)

Low Voting Turnout

281

(3)

Who Participates?

284

(3)

Income and Education

284

(1)

Race and Ethnicity

285

(1)

Age

286

(1)

Gender

287

(1)

Does It Matter Who Votes?

287

(1)

Campaigning for Office

287

(11)

Contending for the Party Presidential Nomination

287

(6)

The Autumn Campaign

293

(3)

Money and Elections

296

(2)

Election Outcomes

298

(11)

How Voters Decide

298

(4)

The Impact of Campaigns

302

(1)

The Electoral College

302

(2)

By the Numbers Did George W. Bush Really Win the 2000 Presidential Vote in Florida?

304

(2)

How Democratic Are We? Do Elections Matter?

306

(3)

Part Four Government and Governing

309

(140)

Congress

310

(42)

The Dynamics and Consequences of the 2004 Congressional Elections

311

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

312

(1)

Constitutional Foundations of the Modern Congress

313

(2)

Empowering Congress

313

(1)

Constraining Congress

313

(1)

Bicameralism and Representation

313

(1)

Federalism

314

(1)

Representation and Democracy

315

(14)

Style of Representation

315

(1)

Race, Gender, and Occupation in Congress

316

(2)

The Electoral Connection

318

(4)

By the Numbers Can Congressional Districts Be Drawn to Include Equal Numbers of Voters Yet Favor One Party Over the Other?

322

(5)

Using the Framework Campaign Finance Reform

327

(2)

How Congress Works

329

(17)

Political Parties in Congress

330

(2)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict Republican and Democratic Panel Leaders Take Feud to the Senate Floor

332

(2)

Congressional Leadership

334

(2)

Congressional Committees

336

(4)

Rules and Norms in the House and Senate

340

(2)

Legislative Responsibilities: How a Bill Becomes a Law

342

(3)

Legislative oversight of the Executive Branch

345

(1)

Congress, Public Policy, and the American People

346

(6)

Congress as a Policymaker

346

(2)

How Democratic Are We? Is Congress Out of Touch?

348

(1)

Congress and the American People

349

(3)

The Presidency

352

(36)

The War Presidency of George W. Bush

353

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

354

(1)

The Expanding Presidency

355

(5)

The Earliest and Latest Presidencies Compared

355

(1)

The Founders' Conception of the Presidency

355

(1)

The Dormant Presidency

356

(1)

The Twentieth-Century Transformation

357

(3)

How Important Are Individual Presidents?

360

(1)

The Powers and Roles of the President

360

(6)

Ceremonial Responsibilities

360

(1)

Domestic Policy Leader

361

(2)

Foreign Policy and Military Leader

363

(3)

The President's Staff and Cabinet

366

(4)

The White House Staff

366

(1)

The Executive Office of the President

367

(1)

The Vice Presidency

368

(1)

The Cabinet

369

(1)

The President and the Bureaucracy

370

(2)

Giving Orders

371

(1)

Persuasion

371

(1)

The President and Congress: Perpetual Tug-of-War

372

(5)

Conflict by Constitutional Design

372

(1)

What Makes a President Successful with Congress?

373

(3)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict Writer Says, ``He Hates Everything About Bush''

376

(1)

The President and the People: An Evolving Relationship

377

(5)

Getting Closer to the People

377

(2)

Leading Public Opinion

379

(1)

Responding to the Public

380

(1)

Presidential Popularity

381

(1)

The Influence of Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Social Movements on the Presidency

382

(1)

Structural Influences on the Presidency

383

(5)

The International System

383

(1)

Using the Framework Clinton and Free Trade

384

(1)

How Democratic Are We? Presidents and the American People

385

(1)

The Economy

386

(2)

The Federal Bureaucracy

388

(30)

The Return of Big Government After 9/11

389

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

390

(1)

A Comparative View of the American Bureaucracy

390

(1)

Hostile Political Culture

391

(1)

Incoherent Organization

391

(1)

Divided Control

391

(1)

Transformation of the Bureaucracy

391

(4)

Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Changes

392

(1)

The Corporation and the Progressives

392

(1)

The Great Depression

392

(1)

World War II and Its Aftermath

393

(1)

The Regulatory State

393

(1)

Devolution and Rollback

394

(1)

The War on Terrorism

395

(1)

How the Executive Branch Is Organized

395

(4)

By the Numbers How Big Is the Federal Government? Is It Really Shrinking, as Some People Say?

396

(3)

What Do Bureaucrats Do?

399

(1)

Executing the Law

399

(1)

Regulating (Rule Making)

400

(1)

Adjudicating

400

(1)

Who Are the Bureaucrats?

400

(6)

Using the Framework Bureaucratic Rule Making

401

(1)

The Merit Services

402

(2)

Political Appointees

404

(2)

Political and Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior

406

(5)

The Public

407

(1)

Interest Groups

407

(1)

The President

407

(2)

Congress

409

(2)

Reforming the Federal Bureaucracy

411

(7)

Scaling Back Its Size

411

(1)

Reinventing Government

412

(1)

Protecting Against Bureaucratic Abuses of Power

413

(1)

Increasing Presidential Control

413

(1)

How Democratic Are We? The Bureaucracy and Democracy

414

(4)

The Courts

418

(31)

The Supreme Court Stops the Florida Recount

419

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

420

(1)

The Structural Context of Court Behavior

421

(2)

Constitutional Powers

421

(1)

The Power of Judicial Review

421

(2)

The U.S. Court System: Organization and Jurisdiction

423

(5)

Constitutional Provisions

423

(2)

Federal District Courts

425

(1)

U.S. Courts of Appeal

425

(1)

The Supreme Court

426

(2)

Appointment to the Federal Bench

428

(4)

Who Are the Appointees?

428

(1)

The Appointment Process

428

(2)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict Senate Fails to Overcome Democratic Filibusters on Bush Judicial Nominations

430

(2)

The Supreme Court in Action

432

(4)

Controlling the Agenda

433

(1)

Deciding Cases

434

(2)

The Supreme Court as a National Policymaker

436

(7)

Structural Change and Constitutional Interpretation

436

(4)

Using the Framework Japanese American Internment

440

(1)

The Debate Over Judicial Activism

441

(2)

Outside Influences on the Court

443

(6)

Governmental Factors

443

(1)

Political Linkage Factors

444

(2)

How Democratic Are We? Is the Supreme Court a Democratic or Nondemocratic Institution?

446

(3)

Part Five What Government Does

449

Freedom: The Struggle for Civil Liberties

450

(28)

Campus Speech Codes and Free Speech

451

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

452

(1)

Civil Liberties in the Constitution

452

(2)

Rights and Liberties in the Nineteenth Century

454

(2)

Economic Liberty in the Early Republic

454

(1)

Economic Liberty After the Civil War

455

(1)

Nationalization of the Bill of Rights

456

(17)

Selective Incorporation

456

(1)

Standards for Incorporation

456

(1)

Freedom of Speech

457

(4)

Freedom of the Press

461

(2)

Free Exercise of Religion

463

(1)

Establishment of Religion

463

(3)

Privacy

466

(1)

Rights of the Accused

467

(4)

Using the Framework The Death Penalty

471

(2)

Civil Liberties and the War on Terrorism

473

(5)

How Democratic Are We? Civil Liberties and Democracy

476

(2)

Civil Rights: The Struggle for Political Equality

478

(26)

The Return of Segregated Schools

479

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

480

(1)

Civil Rights Before the Twentieth Century

480

(5)

An Initial Absence of Civil Rights

480

(1)

The Civil War Amendments

481

(4)

The Contemporary Status of Civil Rights for Racial Minorities

485

(8)

Ending Government-Sponsored Separation and Discrimination

486

(1)

Affirmative Action

487

(4)

Using the Framework Affirmative Action

491

(2)

The Contemporary Status of Civil Rights for Women

493

(4)

Intermediate Scrutiny

493

(2)

Abortion Rights

495

(1)

Sexual Harassment

496

(1)

Broadening the Civil Rights Umbrella

497

(7)

The Elderly and the Disabled

497

(1)

Gays and Lesbians

498

(3)

How Democratic Are We? Civil Rights in the United States

501

(3)

Domestic Policy: The Economy and Social Welfare

504

(32)

Whatever Happened to the Budget Surplus?

505

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

506

(1)

Why Government Is Involved in the Economy and Social Welfare

507

(1)

Economic Management

507

(1)

Social Welfare

508

(1)

Economic Policy

508

(3)

The Goals of Economic Policy

508

(1)

The Tools of Macroeconomic Policy

509

(2)

The Federal Budget and Fiscal Policy

511

(9)

Spending, Taxes, and Debt

511

(1)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict Spending Like Drunken Sailors: Bush Spending Surplus on Tax Cut Binge

512

(5)

Regulation

517

(3)

Social Welfare

520

(16)

Outline of the American Welfare State

520

(1)

Social Security and Other Social Insurance Programs

521

(2)

Means-Tested Programs (Welfare)

523

(1)

By the Numbers How Many Americans Are Poor?

524

(4)

Using the Framework Welfare Reform

528

(1)

How the American Welfare State Compares with Others

529

(2)

Why the American Welfare State Is Different

531

(1)

How Democratic Are We? Economic and Social Policy and the American People

532

(4)

Foreign Policy and National Defense

536

Unilateralism or Multilateralism?

537

(1)

Thinking Critically About This Chapter

538

(1)

Foreign Policy and Democracy: A Contradiction in Terms?

539

(1)

The Superpower Status of the United States

540

(8)

The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact

540

(1)

The Structural Bases of American Superpower Status

541

(1)

By the Numbers How Many Voting-Eligible Americans Live Abroad?

542

(6)

Problems of the Post--Cold War World

548

(9)

New Security Issues

550

(3)

Economic and Social Dilemmas

553

(4)

Who Makes Foreign Policy?

557

The President and the Executive Branch

558

(3)

Congress

561

(1)

The Rise of Partisan Conflict The President and His Senior Aides Began the March to War in Iraq in the Earliest Days of the Administration, Long Before the Terrorist Struck the Nation on 9/11

562

(1)

Public Opinion and the News Media

562

(2)

Corporations, Interest Groups, and Social Movements

564

(1)

Using the Framework Air War in Kosovo

565

(1)

How Democratic Are We? The American Public and the Making of Foreign Policy

566

Appendix

The Declaration of Independence

(2)

The Constitution of the United States

(9)

The Federalist Papers, Nos. 10, 51, and 78

(7)

Presidents and Congresses, 1789--2009

(4)

Chief Justices of the Supreme Court, 1789--2005

Glossary

(1)

Endnotes

(1)

Credits

(1)

Index

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MPSL BB WEB STU ACC STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY HARDCOVER, 7/e

MPSL BB WEB STU ACC STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY HARDCOVER, 7/e

9780321243522

0321243528

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MPSL BB WEB STU ACC STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY HARDCOVER, 7/e

MPSL BB WEB STU ACC STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY HARDCOVER, 7/e

9780321243522

0321243528

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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