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Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics Contemporary and Historical Readings

by: Fieser, James

Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics Contemporary and Historical Readings

by: Fieser, James

ISBN 13:
9780534573843
ISBN 10:
0534573843
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 11/15/1999
Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Summary

METAETHICS, NORMATIVE ETHICS, AND APPLIED ETHICS: CONTEMPORARY AND HISTORICAL READINGS is the first ethics reader to include the three major areas of ethical study: theory, moral problems, and applied ethics. This collection of the most notable essays on ethics past and present also includes newly-edited pieces, revised versions, and several essays that were written specifically for this volume.

Preface

PART I: Metaethics

(138)

Moral Relativism

(20)

``A Dialogue,'' from Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751) [A]

David Hume

``The Challenge of Cultural Relativism,'' from Elements of Moral Philosophy (1999)

James Rachels

Moral Realism vs. Moral Skepticism

(17)

``Moral Forms,'' from The Republic, Bk. 6, 504d-510b (4th cn. BCE) J. L. Mackie, ``Moral Skepticism,'' from Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (1977)

Plato

God and Morality

(40)

``Euthyphro Dilemma'' from Euthyphro 10a-11b (4th cn. BCE) Thomas Aquinas, from ``The Treatise on Law'' in Summa Theologica (c.1270)

Plato

``Morality Independent of Religion,'' from Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) and The Natural History of Religion (1757)

David Hume

``The Primacy of God's Will in Theistic Ethics'' (1992) [A] Kai Nielsen, ``God and the Basis of Morality'' (1982)

Philip L. Quinn

Egoism vs. Altruism

(23)

``The Selfish Origins of Pity and Charity,'' from Leviathan, (1651) Book 1, ch. 6, Of Human Nature (1650), Ch. 9, sect. 10 and 17

Thomas Hobbes

``The Natural Desire Towards Public Good,'' from Sermons 1 of Fifteen Sermons (1726)

Joseph Butler

``Psychological Egoism'' (1965)

Joel Feinberg

Reason vs. Emotion

102

(22)

Moral Relations,``from Discourse (1706)''

Samuel Clarke

``Moral Distinctions not Derived from Reason,'' from A Treatise of Human Nature, and An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1740, 1751) [A]

David Hume

``The Best Thing to Do,'' from The Moral Point of View (1958)

Kurt Baier

Emotivism and Prescriptivism

124

(15)

``Emotivism,'' from Language, Truth, and Logic (1936)

A. J. Ayer

``Emotivism and Descriptive Meanings of Ethical Terms'' from Ethics and Language (1944)

C. L. Stevenson

``Prescriptive and Descriptive Meaning of Ethical Terms,'' from The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy and Philosophers (1960)

R. M. Hare

PART II: Normative Ethics

139

(230)

Virtue Theory

140

(35)

``Moral Virtues'' from Nicomachean Ethics Bk. 2 (4th cn. BCE)

Aristotle

``The Misfortunes of Virtue'' (1990)

J. B. Schneewind

``Virtue Theory'' (1991)

Greg Pence

``On Some Vices of Virtue Ethics'' (1984)

Robert B. Louden

Social Contract Theory

175

(47)

``The Nature and Origin of Justice,'' from The Republic (4th cn. BCE)

Plato

``The State of Nature and Laws of Nature,'' from Leviathan, Chapters 13--15 (1651) [A]

Thomas Hobbes

``Hobbes's Social Contract Theory'' [N]

Mark Murphy

from A Theory of Justice (1971)

John Rawls

``Rawls's Theory,'' from Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974)

Robert Nozick

Moral Rights

222

(26)

``Natural Rights,'' from Second Treatise of Government (1690)

John Locke

``The Division of Rights,'' from The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (1785)

William Paley

United Nations General Assembly, ``Universal Declaration of Human Rights'' (1948)

``The Nature and Value of Rights'' (1979)

Joel Feinberg

Moral Duties

248

(49)

``Duties to God, Self, and Others'' from The Duty of Man and Citizen (1673) [A]

Samuel Pufendorf

The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Chapter 2 (1785)

Immanuel Kant

``Kant's Categorical Imperative'' [N]

Eric Watkins

The Right and the Good (1930)

W. D. Ross

``Ross's Intuitionist Theory of Duty'' [N]

Martin Curd

Hedonism and Utilitarianism

297

(51)

``Letter to Menoeceus'' (3rd cn. BCE.)

Epicurus

``Happiness and Pleasrue,'' from Utopia (1516)

Thomas More

``Computing the Greatest Happiness,'' from Inquiry Concerning Moral Good and Evil (1725)

Francis Hutcheson

``The Principle of Utility,'' from Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)

Jeremy Bentham

Utilitarianism (1863) [A]

J. S. Mill

``Morality and Consequences'' [R]

John E. Hare

``A Critical Look at Consequentialism'' [N]

William C. Davis

Feminist Ethics

348

(21)

``Women and Morality'' from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

Mary Wollstonecraft

``Ethics from the Stand Point of Women'' (1990)

Nel Noddings

``Is There a Female Morality?'' [N]

Michael Levin

PART III: Applied Ethics

369

(136)

Suicide

371

(15)

``Against Suicide,'' from City of God (c. 413 ce)

Augustine

``Whether It Is Lawful to Kill Oneself'' from Summa Theologica (c. 1270)

Thomas Aquinas

``Of Suicide'' (1783)

David Hume

Suicide`` from Lectures on Ethics (c. 1780)

Immanuel Kant

Euthanasia

386

(21)

``Hippocratic Oath'' (c. 400 BCE)

Hippocrates

``Voluntary Death,'' from Utopia (1516)

Thomas More

``Active and Passive Euthanasia'' (1975)

James Rachels

``Active and Passive Euthanasia: An Impertinent Distinction?'' (1977)

Thomas D. Sullivan

``More Impertinent Distinctions and a Defense of Active Euthanasia'' (1978)

James Rachels

Abortion

407

(28)

``Fetuses and the Human Soul,'' from Summa Theologica (c. 1270)

Thomas Aquinas

``An Argument that Abortion is Wrong'' (1996)

Don Marquis

``A Defense of Abortion'' (1971)

Judith Jarvis Thomson

Capital Punishment

435

(21)

``The Death Penalty'' in On Crimes and Punishments (1764)

Cesare Beccaria

``Speech in Favor of Capital Punishment'' (1868)

J. S. Mill

The Case Against the Death Penalty (1997)

Hugo Adam Bedau

``The Ultimate Punishment'' (1986)

Ernest van den Haag

Animal Ethics

456

(24)

``Killing Plants and Animals'' from City of God (c. 413 CE)

Augustine

``Whether it is Unlawful to Kill any Living Thing,'' from Summa Theologica (c. 1270)

Thomas Aquinas

``The Automatism of Animals ''from Letter to Henry More (c. 1648)

Rene Descartes

``Duties towards Animals'' from Lectures on Ethics (c. 1780)

Immanual Kant

``The Case for Animal Rights'' (1985)

Tom Regan

``Do Animals have Rights?'' (1991)

Tibor Machan

Environmental Ethics

480

(25)

``Against the View that God Dwells in Plant Life,'' from Of the Morals of the Manacheans (388 CE)

Augustine

``Primeval Nature'' from Maine Woods (1864)

Henry David Thoreau

``The Land Ethic,'' from A Sand County Almanac (1949)

Aldo Leopold

``An Argument Against Normative Ecocentrism'' [R]

James Fieser

Suggestions for Further Reading

505

(12)

Notes

517

(14)

Acknowledgements

531

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics Contemporary and Historical Readings

Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics Contemporary and Historical Readings

9780534573843

0534573843

Summary

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