After leaving E&S in 1984, Mickey joined Formative Technologies, a spin-off from Carnegie Mellon University, where he worked with the industry’s first workstations (PERQ and Sun Microsystems) dealing with largescale bit-mapped graphics for mapping and CAD applications. But his heart was in 3-D graphics, and he was hired by Pixar shortly after it was bought by Steve Jobs and spun out of Lucasfilm Ltd. in 1986. At Pixar, Mickey managed the development of all of the software for their external products, including the Pixar Image Computer, the Pixar Medical Imaging System, and RenderMan. RenderMan is the gold standard of 3-D photorealistic rendering software and by 2010 had been used on every Visual Effects Academy Award Winner for the past 15 years; 47 out of the last 50 nominees for Visual Effects had chosen Pixar’s RenderMan.

Mickey left Pixar in 1991, as their focus shifted to making feature-length 3-D animated films and away from external software products, and was recruited to Brøderbund Software as Vice President of Engineering/CTO. At Brøderbund he managed a vast development organization including applications and system programming, art and animation, sound design and music composition, and quality assurance that produced numerous award-winning PC/Mac games such as Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?, Kid Pix, Myst, and Living Books.

In late 1997 Mickey joined International Microcomputer Software, Inc., as Vice President of R&D/CTO, where he managed on-site and offshore development and support for numerous Windows/Mac applications such as MasterClips and professional-level products such as TurboCAD.

In 1999 Mickey joined Gracenote where he was Senior Vice President of Development (since 2008 Gracenote has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony). At Gracenote he managed all development, operations, and professional services associated with the pioneering Web-based CDDB music information service that enables digital music player applications such as iTunes, WinAmp, Sonic Stage, and hundreds of others. Gracenote’s products utilize technology ranging from Web services and relational databases to embedded systems and mobile applications, giving him a unique perspective on the wide-ranging needs of the various types of software developed today. He retired from Gracenote in early 2011 to finish this book, develop mobile/tablet applications, and consult with a variety of companies and organizations regarding the management of software people and teams.

His experience includes directing R&D teams around the world and managing multidisciplinary teams working 24/7 to deliver successful products. With experience in selecting, establishing, and managing offshore development organizations in India, Russia, Canada, and Japan, he brings insight into the challenges of managing software development using diverse staff and teams that are hours and oceans apart.

Ron Lichty has been developing software for 30 years, over 20 of them as a Development Manager, Director of Engineering, and Vice President of Engineering. This followed his first career as a writer in New York, Wyoming, and California, during which he wrote hundreds of articles, published scores of photographs, and authored two books. His software development career began at Softwest in the heart of California’s Silicon Valley, coding word-processing products, programming compiler code generators, crafting embedded microcontroller devices like SmartCard-based postage meters and magnetic-keycard hotel locking systems, and designing and developing the computer animation demo that Apple used to launch and promote a new line of personal computers. He was awarded software patents for compression algorithms and wrote two widely used programming texts.

Recruited to Apple in 1988, Ron product-managed Apple’s development tools, then led the Finder and Applications groups for the Apple II and Macintosh product lines, managing delivery of Apple’s “special sauce,” its user interface.

In 1994 Berkeley Systems recruited Ron to direct development of the then most widely used consumer software in the world, the After Dark screen saver line, to make engineering predictable and repeatable for the seven development teams creating its entertainment products. Brought into Fujitsu to make sense of its long-overdue WorldsAway entertainment product, he lopped off six months of overengineering to take it live in just 11 weeks.

Ron then led software development of the first investor tools on Schwab .com, part of remaking a bricks-and-mortar discount brokerage into the premier name in online financial services. He was promoted to Schwab Vice President while leading his CIO’s three-year technology initiative to migrate software development across all business units from any-language-goes to a single, cost-effective platform company-wide.

Since Schwab, he has been a Vice President of Engineering and Vice President of Products both as an employee and as a consultant, and he has continued to focus on making software development “hum.” He headed technology for the California offices of Avenue A Razorfish, the largest Internet professional services organization in the world; products and development for Forensic Logic, the crime detection and prevention company; engineering for Socialtext, the first commercial wiki company; engineering of the consumer ZoneAlarm line for Check Point; and publisher services for HighWire, the largest Internet provider for scholarly publishing. In consulting engagements in America and Europe, he has helped development groups overcome roadblocks, untangle organizational knots, and become more productive.

Ron’s developer conference and professional group talks and webinars include implementing Agile and Scrum; the importance of user groups, teamwork, and community; and transforming software development from chaos to clarity. He has been an adviser to a half-dozen start-ups. He cochairs SVForum’s Emerging Technology SIG; founded its Software Architecture SIG; chaired East Bay Innovation Group’s Software Management Best Practices SIG; and was a member of the board of SVForum, Silicon Valley’s largest and oldest developer organization.

What Do Programmers Do? 3

Why Is Becoming a Successful Programming Manager Hard? 7

Programming Disciplines 10

Types of Programmers 13

Domain Expertise 16

Programmer Job Requirements and Abilities 17

Proximity and Relationship 20

Generational Styles 25

Personality Styles 27

Summary 33

Tools 34

Determining What Kind of Programmer to Hire 37

Writing the Job Description 39

Selling the Hire 45

Recruiting Full-Time Employees (FTEs) 46

Recruiting Contractors 56

Reviewing Résumés 57

Narrowing the Field 59

Preparing to Interview 60

Interviewing 67

Making the Decision to Hire a Programmer 72

Making the Right Offer to a Programmer 76

Follow Up Until the Programmer Accepts 82

Summary 83

Tools 83

Get Them on Board Early 85

Preparing for Their Arrival 86

First-Day Musts 87

Introductions 91

Ensuring Success 92

Initial Expectations 95

Summary 98

Tools 98

Earning Technical Respect 100

Hire Great Programmers 105

Turbocharge the Team You Have 105

Managing Different Types of Programmers 106

Facilitation 111

Protection 111

Judging and Improving Performance 113

Organizational Thinking 123

Deliver Results and Celebrate Success 141

Summary 142

Tools 142

The Challenges of Managing 147

Managing Up 228

Managing Out 234

Managing Yourself 250

Summary 268

Tools 268

Motivational Theories 269

Motivational Factors as Applied to Programmers 274

Putting Theory into Practice 279

Foundational Factors—Causes of Dissatisfaction (When Lacking) 280

Key Motivating Factors 303

Personal Commitment 312

Technology Offense and Defense 314

Understanding Your Programmers’ Motivations

Begins on Day One 316

Summary 317

Defining “Successful” 319

The Programming Culture 319

Company Culture 320

Characteristics of a Successful Programming Culture 327

Summary 346

Tools 346

Defining the Project 348

Planning the Work 358

Kicking Off the Plan 370

Executing the Work 376

Running the End Game 391

Delivering the Software 396

Summary 401

Tools 402

TOOLS 403

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