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Light Science

by: Rossing, Thomas D.; Chiaverina, Christopher J.

Light Science

by: Rossing, Thomas D.; Chiaverina, Christopher J.

ISBN 13:
9780387988276
ISBN 10:
0387988270
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/01/1999
Publisher: Springer Verlag

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Summary

Intended for anyone with an interest in the visual arts and assuming no prior knowledge of physics, this introduction presents the science of light--that is, the science behind what and how we see. The approach emphasizes phenomena rather than mathematical theory and the joy of discovery rather than the drudgery of derivations--the opposite of "heavy science". Numerous simple experiments are included. 260 illus.

Preface

vii

Our World of Light and Color

(22)

Rainbows

(3)

Blue Skies and Red Sunsets

(1)

Why Clouds Are White

(1)

The Color of Water

(1)

Green Leaves of Summer, Crimson Leaves of Autumn

(1)

What Is Color?

(2)

Mixing Colors by Addition

(1)

Mixing Colors by Subtraction

(2)

Color in Art

(1)

Shadows

(2)

Pinhole Camera

(1)

Summary

(7)

The Mystery of Light

(26)

The Nature of Light: Particles or Waves?

(1)

Waves

(1)

Progressive Waves

(1)

Impulsive Waves: Reflection

(4)

Superposition and Interference

(1)

Standing Waves

(1)

Electromagnetic Waves

(1)

Speed of Light

(2)

The Particle Nature of Light: Observing Photons

(1)

Wave Propagation in Two and Three Dimensions

(2)

The Doppler Effect

(1)

Water Waves

(3)

Summary

(8)

Reflection, Mirrors, and Kaleidoscopes

(30)

Images Formed by Plane and Curved Mirrors

(4)

Concave Mirrors

(4)

Convex Mirrors

(1)

Anamorphic Art

(2)

Kaleidoscopes

(3)

Other Applications of Mirrors in the Visual Arts

(4)

Mirrors in the Performing Arts: One-Way Mirrors

(2)

Summary

(8)

Refraction of Light

(26)

Bending of Light at a Boundary

(2)

Snell's Law

(1)

Dispersion

(1)

Total Internal Reflection

(3)

Diamonds

(1)

Lenses

(1)

Image Formation by Lenses

(5)

Converging Lens

(2)

Diverging Lens

(1)

Stopped Lens

(1)

Simple Cameras

(1)

The Human Eye

(2)

Telescopes and Microscopes

(2)

Summary

(8)

Interference and Diffraction

105

(24)

Interference of Waves from Two Identical Sources

105

(1)

Light Passing Through Two Slits: Young's Experiment

106

(2)

Interference in Thin Films

108

(3)

Michelson Interferometer

111

(1)

Applications of Interference

111

(2)

Antireflection Coatings

111

(1)

Multilayer Mirrors

112

(1)

Multilayer Interference Filters

113

(1)

Diffraction

113

(3)

Combined Interference and Diffraction

116

(3)

How Diffraction Limits Resolution

119

(1)

Multiple Slits and Gratings

120

(1)

3-D with Jumping Colors

121

(1)

Summary

121

(8)

Light Sources

129

(22)

Blackbody Radiation

129

(2)

Spectra of Light Sources

131

(1)

Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye

132

(1)

Measuring Illumination

133

(1)

Atoms

134

(2)

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

136

(1)

Laser Light

137

(3)

Light-Emitting Diodes

140

(2)

Gas-Filled Arc Lamps

142

(1)

Summary

143

(8)

Polarized Light

151

(22)

Polarization by Selective Absorption

152

(3)

Law of Malus

154

(1)

Three Polaroid Filters

155

(1)

Polarization by Reflection

155

(2)

Polarization by Double Refraction: Birefringence

157

(2)

Polarization by Scattering

159

(1)

Three-Dimensional Images

160

(2)

Wave Plates

162

(1)

Photoelasticity

163

(1)

Optical Activity

163

(2)

Applications of Polarized Light in Art

165

(1)

Summary

166

(7)

Color Vision

173

(30)

Spectral Color

174

(2)

Photoreceptors in the Eye

176

(2)

Additive Color Mixing (Revisited)

178

(2)

Transmission and Reflection of Colored Light: Subtractive Color Mixing Revisited

180

(4)

Spectral and Monochromatic Filters

181

(1)

Spectral Power Distribution of Filtered Light

182

(1)

Spectral Reflectance

183

(1)

Color Perception

184

(3)

How Many Colors Can We See?

184

(1)

Afterimages

185

(1)

Contrast

185

(1)

Color Constancy

186

(1)

Paints and Inks

187

(1)

Halftone Printing

187

(1)

Four-Color Printing

187

(1)

Color Systems

188

(4)

Theories of Color Vision

192

(1)

Sources of Color

193

(1)

Colored Glass

194

(1)

Glazes and Enamels

194

(1)

Paint

195

(1)

Summary

196

(7)

Holography

203

(22)

Transmission Holograms

204

(3)

Virtual and Real Images

205

(1)

Two-Beam Transmission Holograms

206

(1)

Reflection Holograms

207

(2)

Bragg Reflection

208

(1)

Transfer Holograms

209

(1)

Rainbow (Slit-Transfer) Holograms

209

(1)

Phase Holograms

210

(1)

Color Holograms

210

(3)

Lippmann Color Holograms

211

(1)

Multicolor Rainbow Holograms

212

(1)

Pseudocolor Through Shrinkage

212

(1)

Multiple Scenes

213

(1)

Holographic Stereograms

213

(1)

Embossed Holograms

214

(1)

Holographic Interferometry

214

(3)

Real-Time Interferometry

215

(1)

Double-Exposure Interferometry

215

(1)

Time-Averaged Interferometry

216

(1)

TV Holography

217

(3)

Photopolymers

220

(1)

Computer-Generated Holograms

220

(1)

Summary

220

(5)

Photography

225

(20)

Evolution of Photography

225

(2)

Cameras

227

(2)

Focal Lengths, f-Numbers, and Field of View

229

(3)

Film

232

(2)

Color Film

234

(3)

Color Reversal Films

235

(1)

Color Negative Films

236

(1)

Instant Color Films

237

(1)

Lighting for Color Photography

237

(1)

High-Speed Flash Photography

237

(3)

Digital Photography

240

(1)

Summary

240

(5)

Computer Images

245

(18)

Evolution of Computer Imaging

245

(4)

What Is a Computer?

249

(2)

Bits and Bytes

251

(1)

Graphic Displays

252

(1)

Software

252

(1)

The Imaging Process

253

(3)

Computer-Aided Design

256

(1)

Computer Animation

257

(1)

Motion Capture and Performance Animation: Digital Puppets

258

(1)

Visual Effects for ``Titanic''

259

(1)

Summary

260

(3)

Optical Recording, Communication, and Photonics

263

(18)

Optical Storage and the Compact Disc

263

(3)

Recordable Compact Discs

266

(1)

DVD

267

(2)

DVD for Movies and Video

267

(2)

DVD for Computers

269

(1)

DVD for Audio

269

(1)

Optical Communication

269

(1)

Optical Computing

270

(1)

Optical Scanners

271

(1)

Holographic Memories

272

(1)

The Mouse

273

(1)

The Future of Photonics

274

(2)

Summary

276

(5)

Symmetry in Art and Nature

281

(22)

Translational Symmetry

281

(2)

Rotational Symmetry

283

(3)

Reflection Symmetry

286

(1)

Inversion Symmetry

286

(2)

Snowflakes

288

(1)

Right-Hand and Left-Hand Symmetry

289

(3)

Chirality and Life

291

(1)

Spirals and Propellers

291

(1)

Symmetry and Conservation Laws

292

(3)

Symmetry of Tiles

295

(1)

Border Art: Classes of Translational Symmetry

296

(1)

Decorative Patterns: Classes of Planar Symmetry

297

(2)

Summary

299

(4)

Visual Perception and Illusions

303

(30)

Visual Illusions

304

(1)

Everyday Illusions

304

(3)

Classifying Illusions

307

(3)

Ambiguous Figures

310

(2)

Distortion Illusions

312

(4)

Impossible Figures

316

(2)

The Grand Illusion: How Artists Produce a Sense of Depth

318

(9)

Aerial Perspective and Rayleigh Scattering

320

(2)

Shadows and Illumination

322

(1)

The Magic of Linear Perspective

323

(1)

The Use of Depth Cues: From the Sublime to the Impossible

324

(3)

Summary

327

(6)

Appendix A Numerical Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

333

(2)

Appendix B Standard International (SI) Units of Measurement

335

(2)

Appendix C Scientific or Exponential Notation

337

(2)

Appendix D Mathematical Helps

339

(1)

Appendix E Graphs

340

(2)

Appendix F Glossary

342

(11)

Appendix G Materials in Paintings

353

(6)

Appendix H Analysis of Art Using Physics and Chemistry

359

(2)

Appendix I Conservation and Restoration of Art

361

(4)

Appendix J Laboratory Experiments

365

(62)

Experiment 1.1 Exploring Color

365

(3)

Experiment 1.2 Shadows and Light Rays

368

(2)

Experiment 2.1 Waves on a Coiled Spring (Slinky TM)

370

(2)

Experiment 2.2 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves in One Dimension

372

(2)

Experiment 2.3 Standing Waves on a Wire

374

(1)

Experiment 2.4 Waves in Two Dimensions (Ripple Tank)

375

(3)

Experiment 3.1 Law of Reflection and Plane Mirrors

378

(4)

Experiment 3.2 Construct a Kaleidoscope

382

(3)

Experiment 3.3 Image Formation by Concave Mirrors

385

(2)

Experiment 4.1 Refraction and Total Internal Reflection

387

(3)

Experiment 4.2 Converging Lens

390

(2)

Experiment 4.3 Simple Magnifier and Telescope

392

(1)

Experiment 5.1 Diffraction and Interference of Water Waves

393

(1)

Experiment 5.2 Diffraction Grating

394

(2)

Experiment 5.3 Diffraction from Tracks of a Compact Disc

396

(2)

Experiment 5.4 Michelson Interferometer

398

(1)

Experiment 6.1 Spectrum Analysis with a Prism Spectrometer

399

(1)

Experiment 6.2 Spectrum Analysis with a Diffraction Grating

400

(1)

Experiment 7.1 Exploration of Polarized Light

401

(4)

Experiment 8.1 Color Perception

405

(5)

Experiment 8.2 Mixing Pigments: Subtractive Color Mixing

410

(2)

Experiment 9.1 Making a Reflection Hologram

412

(1)

Experiment 9.2 Making a Transmission Hologram

413

(3)

Experiment 9.3 Making a Cylindrical Hologram

416

(1)

Experiment 9.4 Holographic Images

417

(1)

Experiment 10.1 Exploring a Single-Use Camera with Built-In Flash

418

(3)

Experiment 10.2 Field of View and Depth of Field of a Camera Lens

421

(1)

Experiment 13.1 Symmetry Exploration

421

(6)

Name Index

427

(4)

Subject Index

431

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Light Science

Light Science

9780387988276

0387988270

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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