This text is written within the context of the increasingly interdisciplinary scientific and technical physics/EE environment that challenges todays graduate and advanced senior students. The book thoroughly discusses fundamental semiconductor physics of devices and wires for physicists, linking these concepts to engineering applications and case studies of actual computer chips. As an added bonus, the book provides a novel textbook treatment of Rents Rule, which can be used to estimate power dissipation in interconnects. The final chapter discusses nanotechnology, novel materials and nanodevices, and it also offers a comparison of traditional and non-traditional concepts of devices and architectures.