9780130980823

For junior/senior and graduate-level courses in Clinical Psychology. Designed to provide a thorough survey of the field that is equally accessible to students with a general interest as well as to those with professional aspirations, this text presents a scholarly portrayal of the history, content, professional functions, and the future of clinical psychology.

Preface

ix

Acknowledgments

x

Clinical Psychology: Definitions and History

1

(37)

What is Clinical Psychology?

2

(2)

Clinical Psychologists at Work

4

(12)

The Roots of Clinical Psychology

16

(6)

The Birth of Clinical Psychology: 1896--1917

22

(5)

Between the Wars: 1918--1941

27

(2)

The Postwar Explosion

29

(3)

Clinical Psychology in the 21st Century

32

(4)

Chapter Summary

36

(2)

Approaches to Clinical Psychology

38

(48)

The Pros and Cons of Taking a Specific Approach

39

(1)

The Psychodynamic Approach

40

(5)

The Behavioral Approach

45

(6)

The Humanistic Approach

51

(6)

Interpersonal Perspectives

57

(5)

Biological Influences on Clinical Psychology

62

(2)

Clinical Approaches in Action

64

(20)

Choosing an Approach to Clinical Psychology

84

(1)

Chapter Summary

85

(1)

Assessment in Clinical Psychology

86

(42)

The Clinical Assessment Process

87

(5)

The Goals of Clinical Assessment

92

(9)

Collecting Assessment Data

101

(3)

Processing Assessment Data

104

(16)

Communicating Assessment Data

120

(7)

Chapter Summary

127

(1)

Interviewing and Observation in Clinical Psychology

128

(43)

Clinical Interview Situations

128

(5)

Interview Structure

133

(4)

Stages in the Interview

137

(6)

Communication in the Interview

143

(4)

Research on the Interview

147

(4)

Goals and Benefits of Observational Assessment

151

(3)

Naturalistic Observation

154

(5)

Controlled Observation

159

(5)

Research on Observational Assessment

164

(5)

Chapter Summary

169

(2)

Testing in Clinical Psychology

171

(40)

What is a Test?

171

(1)

What Do Tests Measure?

172

(1)

Test Construction Procedures

173

(2)

Tests of Intellectual Functioning

175

(7)

Ability Tests

182

(1)

Tests of Attitudes, Interests, Preferences, and Values

183

(1)

Personality Tests

184

(14)

The Status of Testing in Clinical Psychology

198

(11)

Chapter Summary

209

(2)

Clinical Interventions: An Overview

211

(19)

What is Psychotherapy?

211

(1)

The Participants

212

(7)

The Therapeutic Relationship

219

(3)

The Settings of Psychotherapy

222

(2)

The Process and Goals of Psychotherapy

224

(4)

Alternative Modes of Clinical Intervention

228

(1)

The Effects of Psychotherapy

228

(1)

Chapter Summary

229

(1)

Clinical Intervention: Methods of Psychotherapy

230

(42)

Psychodynamic Therapies

230

(13)

Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

243

(14)

Humanistic Therapies

257

(11)

Psychotherapy Integration and Eclecticism

268

(2)

Chapter Summary

270

(2)

Alternative Modes of Clinical Intervention

272

(24)

The Growth of Socially Oriented Intervention Modes

272

(1)

Group Therapy

273

(4)

Marital and Family Therapy

277

(7)

Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Prevention

284

(5)

Community Psychology

289

(4)

Self-help Interventions

293

(2)

Chapter Summary

295

(1)

Research on Clinical Intervention

296

(33)

Methods for Evaluating Psychotherapy

297

(5)

Practical Problems in Psychotherapy Research

302

(3)

Effectiveness of Individual Psychotherapy

305

(12)

Effectiveness of Alternative Modes of Intervention

317

(6)

Clinical Interventions Today

323

(4)

Chapter Summary

327

(2)

Clinical Child Psychology

329

(47)

Characteristics Unique to Clinical Child Psychology

331

(11)

Clinical Assessment of Children

342

(9)

Classification of Childhood Disorders

351

(6)

Specific Childhood Disorders

357

(5)

A Clinical Case

362

(2)

Treatment of Childhood Disorders

364

(9)

The Future of Clinical Child Psychology

373

(1)

Chapter Summary

374

(2)

Health Psychology

376

(22)

What Is Health Psychology?

376

(2)

Stress, Coping, and Health

378

(5)

Risk Factors for Illness

383

(5)

Illness Prevention and Treatment Programs

388

(6)

Improving Compliance with Medical Treatment Regimens

394

(2)

Chapter Summary

396

(2)

Clinical Neuropsychology

398

(27)

Historical Development of Neuropsychology

399

(4)

Basic Principles of Neuropsychology

403

(7)

The Profession of Clinical Neuropsychology

410

(2)

Neuropsychological Assessment Techniques

412

(6)

Neuropsychological Approaches to Psychopathology

418

(4)

Future Directions in Neuropsychology

422

(1)

Chapter Summary

423

(2)

Forensic Psychology

425

(27)

The Scope of Forensic Psychology

426

(1)

Criminal Competence and Responsibility

427

(8)

Predicting Dangerousness

435

(1)

Psychological Damages in Civil Trials

436

(2)

Civil Competencies

438

(2)

Psychological Autopsies and Criminal Profiling

440

(3)

Child Custody and Parental Fitness

443

(4)

Mental Health Experts in the Legal System

447

(3)

Chapter Summary

450

(2)

Professional Issues in Clinical Psychology

452

(44)

Professional Training

454

(12)

Professional Regulation

466

(11)

Professional Ethics

477

(5)

Professional Independence

482

(7)

Perils of Professionalism

489

(2)

The Future of Clinical Psychology

491

(4)

Chapter Summary

495

(1)

Appendix: Getting into Graduate School in Clinical Psychology

496

(29)

What Types of Graduate Programs Will Help Me Meet My Career Goals?

497

(1)

Am I Ready to Make the Commitment Required in Doctoral Programs at This Time in My Life?

497

(2)

Are My Credentials Strong Enough for Graduate School in Clinical Psychology?

499

(4)

Given My Credentials, to What Type of Program Can I Realistically Aspire?

503

(1)

General Issues

503

(4)

Application Procedures

507

(13)

Financial Aid

520

(1)

Other Important Questions

521

(4)

References

525

(96)

Author Index

621

(14)

Subject Index

635

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

In the five previous editions of this book, we tried to accomplish three goals. First, we wanted a book that, while appropriate for graduate students, was written especially with sophisticated undergraduates in mind. Many undergraduate psychology majors express an interest in clinical psychology without having a clear understanding of what the field involves and requires. An even larger number of nonmajors also wish to know more about clinical psychology. We felt that both groups of undergraduates would benefit from a thorough survey of the field which does not go into all the details typically found in "graduate study only" texts. Second, we wanted to present a scholarly portrayal of the history of clinical psychology, its scope, functions, and future that reviewed a full range of theoretical perspectives. For this reason, we have not allowed our preference for cognitive-behavioral theories to limit our presentation. Instead, we present psychodynamic, phenomenological/experiential, interpersonal, and biological perspectives as well, and we have sought to do so in as neutral a manner as possible. We do champion the empirical research tradition of clinical psychology throughout the book because we believe it is a necessary and useful perspective for all clinicians to follow, regardless of their theoretical orientation. Third, we wanted our book to be interesting and enjoyable to read. Because we like being clinical psychologists and because we enjoy teaching courses in the field, we tried to create a book that communicates our enthusiasm for its content. Our goals for this sixth edition remain the same. However, in addition to the comprehensive updating of the content of all chapters, we have introduced some new material and reorganized our coverage of existing material somewhat. For example, we have expanded the coverage of clinical interventions to four chapters by adding a new chapter on alternative modes of intervention: group therapy, couples therapy, family therapy, psychosocial rehabilitation, prevention, community psychology, and self-help. We have also combined the presentation of interviewing and observation into one chapter to reflect the complementary nature of these activities. In our updating of the major theoretical orientations and psychotherapeutic approaches, we have added new information on the movement toward theoretical integration and eclecticism. Sociocultural diversity affects psychological assessment, psychotherapy, and clinical research, so we have included new information on this topic throughout the book. Since our last edition, numerous changes have occurred in the health care delivery system, both in the United States and in other countries. Accordingly, we have addressed how managed care has continued to influence research and practice in clinical psychology since our last edition. Rapid changes have also occurred in psychotherapy research, so we have expanded our presentation of empirically supported treatments and of research on nonspecific treatment factors (i.e., therapist, client, and therapeutic relationship variables). Finally, we have expanded our discussions of the growing employment arenas for clinical psychologists in the fields of neuropsychology, health psychology, clinical child psychology, and forensic psychology.

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Introduction to Clinical Psychology

Introduction to Clinical Psychology

013098082X

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