In follow-up studies, dozens of reviews, and even a book of essays evaluating his conclusions, Gerald Rosenberg's criticsnot to mention his supportershave spent nearly two decades debating the arguments he first put forward inThe Hollow Hope. With this substantially expanded second edition of his landmark work, Rosenberg himself steps back into the fray, responding to criticism and adding chapters on the same-sex marriage battle that ask anew whether courts can spur political and social reform. Finding that the answer is still a resounding no, Rosenberg reaffirms his powerful contention that it's nearly impossible to generate significant reforms through litigation. The reason? American courts are ineffective and relatively weakfar from the uniquely powerful sources for change they're often portrayed as. Rosenberg supports this claim by documenting the direct and secondary effects of key court decisionsparticularlyBrown v. Board of EducationandRoe v. Wade. He reveals, for example, that Congress, the White House, and a determined civil rights movement did far more thanBrownto advance desegregation, while pro-choice activists invested too much inRoeat the expense of political mobilization. Further illuminating these cases, as well as the ongoing fight for same-sex marriage rights, Rosenberg also marshals impressive evidence to overturn the common assumption that even unsuccessful litigation can advance a cause by raising its profile. Directly addressing its critics in a new conclusion,The Hollow Hope, Second Editionpromises to reignite for a new generation the national debate it sparked seventeen years ago.