Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

A History Of Psychology

by: Benjafield, John G.

A History Of Psychology

by: Benjafield, John G.

ISBN 13:
9780195419306
ISBN 10:
0195419308
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/25/2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Newer Edition

Rent

Sorry, this item is currently unavailable.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

Extend or Purchase Your Rental at Any Time

Need to keep your rental past your due date? At any time before your due date you can extend or purchase your rental through your account.

Summary

A History of Psychology presents the ideas of significant individuals in psychology and explains the role of cultural context in shaping the ideas that become dominant in a society at a particular time. The book outlines the contributions of well over a hundred thinkers and psychologists including Pythagoras, Lao-tzu, Aristotle, Abraham Maslow, B.F. Skinner, and Herbert Simon.

Preface to Second Edition

xiii

Chapter 1 Touchstones: The Origins of Psychological Thought

(23)

Introduction

(1)

Touchstones

(1)

Pythagoras (570-495 BC)

(5)

Pythagorean Cosmology

(1)

The Pythagorean Opposites

(1)

Pythagorean Mathematics

(2)

Plato (427-347 BC)

(5)

Pythagoras, Plato, and the Problem of the Irrational

(1)

The Forms

(4)

Lao-tzu (sixth century BC)

(4)

The Tension between Confucianism and Taoism

(1)

What Is Tao?

(1)

The Book of Changes

(3)

Aristotle (384-323 BC)

(6)

Aristotle's Differences with Plato

(2)

The Nature of Human Action

(1)

Memory

(2)

The Scala Naturae

(1)

St Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) and the Medieval View of the Universe

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

(1)

Recommended Readings

(1)

Chapter 2 Touchstones: From Descartes to Darwin

(27)

Introduction

(1)

René Descartes (1596-1650)

(3)

The Body as a Machine

(1)

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

(4)

The Laws of Motion

(1)

Can Newton's Laws Be Generalized to Psychology?

(1)

The Nature of Colour

(1)

The British Empiricists: John Locke (1632-1704), George Berkeley (1685-1753), and David Hume (1711-76)

(5)

John Locke

(3)

George Berkeley

(1)

David Hume

(1)

James Mill (1773-1836) and John Stuart Mill (1806-73)

(2)

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97)

(1)

Universal Education

(1)

The Importance of Emotion

(1)

The Utopian Tradition in Psychology

(1)

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

(4)

Kant's 'Second Copernican Revolution'

(2)

Can Psychology Be a Science Like Other Sciences?

(1)

Charles Darwin (1809-82)

(4)

The Voyage of the Beagle

(1)

The Development of the Theory of Evolution

(2)

Darwin and Psychology

(1)

Studying the History of Psychology

(2)

Ixion's Wheel or Jacob's Ladder?

(1)

Person or Zeitgeist?

(1)

Rediscovering the Past

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

(1)

Recommended Readings

(1)

Chapter 3 The Nineteenth-Century Transformation of Psychology

(20)

Introduction

(1)

J.E Herbart (1776-1841)

(3)

Herbart's Influence on Educational Psychology

(1)

G.T. Fechner (1801-87)

(4)

Psychophysics

(3)

Experimental Aesthetics

(1)

Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-84)

(5)

Helmholtz and the Nature of Perception

(2)

Ewald Hering (1834-1918)

(1)

Christine Ladd-Franklin (1847-1930)

(1)

Francis Galton (1822-1911)

(4)

Hereditary Genius

(1)

Eugenics

(1)

Statistics

(1)

Memory

(2)

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

(2)

Social Darwinism

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

(1)

Recommended Readings

(1)

Chapter 4 Wundt and His Contemporaries

(13)

Introduction

(1)

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

(6)

Investigations in the Laboratory

(4)

Psychophysical Parallelism

(1)

Cultural Psychology

(2)

Wundt's Influence

(1)

Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)

(3)

The Experimental Study of Learning and Remembering

(1)

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) and the Invention of 'Paired Associates'

(2)

Franz Brentano (1838-1917)

(1)

The Würzburg School

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

(1)

Recommended Readings

(1)

Chapter 5 William James

(11)

Introduction

(1)

The Principles of Psychology

(10)

Habit

(1)

The Methods and Snares of Psychology

(1)

The Stream of Thought

(3)

The Consciousness of Self

(1)

Attention

(1)

The Emotions

(2)

Will

(1)

Recommended Readings

(1)

Chapter 6 Freud and Jung

(25)

Introduction

(1)

The Unconscious

(3)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

(11)

Hysteria

(2)

The Project for a Scientific Psychology

100

(1)

The Interpretation of Dreams

100

(2)

The Development of the Personality

102

(1)

The Structure of the Personality

103

(1)

Religion and Culture

104

(2)

Freud's Death

106

(1)

Freud and America

106

(2)

Freud's Critics within Psychoanalysis

108

(1)

Freud and Women

108

(1)

Anna Freud (1895-1982)

109

(1)

Karen Horney (1885-1952) and the Psychology of Women

110

(1)

C.G. Jung (1875-1961)

111

(7)

Jung's Relationship with Freud

111

(1)

Analytical Psychology

112

(6)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

118

(1)

Recommended Readings

119

(1)

Chapter 7 Structure or Function?

120

(25)

Introduction

120

(1)

Edward B. Titchener (1867-1927)

120

(5)

Structuralism

122

(1)

Titcheners Experimental Psychology

123

(1)

Titchener and the Imageless Thought Controversy

124

(1)

Titchener and the Dimensions of Consciousness

124

(1)

Titchener's Influence

124

(1)

Functionalism

125

(1)

John Dewey (1859-1952)

126

(4)

Critique of the Reflex Arc Concept

126

(1)

Dewey's Influence on Educational Practice

127

(1)

James R. Angell (1869-1949)

128

(1)

Robert S. Woodworth (1869-1962)

129

(1)

The S-O-R Framework

129

(1)

Intelligence Testing

130

(5)

James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944)

130

(1)

Alfred Binet (1857-1911)

131

(2)

Intelligence Testing in the United States Army

133

(1)

What Is 'Intelligence', Anyway?

134

(1)

Psychology in Business

135

(3)

Frederick W Taylor (1856-1915)

136

(1)

Elton Mayo (1880-1949)

137

(1)

Comparative Psychology

138

(5)

Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949)

139

(1)

Learning as the Formation of Connections

140

(3)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

143

(1)

Recommended Readings

143

(2)

Chapter 8 Behaviourism

145

(24)

Introduction

145

(1)

Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936)

145

(6)

Conditioned Reflexes

146

(2)

Speech

148

(1)

Temperaments and Psychopathology

149

(1)

Vivisection and Anti-vivisectionism

150

(1)

Vladimir M. Bekhterev (1857-1827)

150

(1)

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

151

(6)

Psychology as the Behaviourist Views It

152

(2)

Watson's Psychology

154

(1)

Emotional, Manual, and Verbal Habits

154

(2)

Watson and Rosalie Rayner

156

(1)

Watson's Second Career in Advertising

156

(1)

Karl S. Lashley (1890-1958)

157

(3)

Cortical Localization of Function

157

(3)

The Problem of Serial Order in Behaviour

160

(1)

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

160

(7)

The Nature of Behaviourism

160

(1)

Skinner's Radical Behaviorism

161

(1)

The Behavior of Organisms

162

(1)

A Case History of Scientific Method

163

(1)

The 'Baby Tender'

164

(1)

Teaching Machines

164

(1)

Skinner's Utopian and Dystopian Views

165

(2)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

167

(1)

Recommended Readings

168

(1)

Chapter 9 Gestalt Psychology

169

(24)

Introduction

169

(1)

Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)

170

(7)

Phi Phenomenon

170

(1)

The Minimum Principle

170

(1)

Precursors of Gestalt Psychology

171

(1)

The Laws of Perceptual Organization

172

(1)

Productive Thinking

173

(2)

Gestalt Psychology as a Philosophy

175

(2)

Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967)

177

(3)

The Mentality of Apes

177

(1)

The Nature of Learning

178

(1)

The Concept of Isomorphism

179

(1)

Kurt Koffka (1886-1941)

180

(3)

Principles of Gestalt Psychology

180

(1)

The Growth of the Mind

181

(2)

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) and the Emergence of Social Psychology

183

(5)

The Zeigarnih Effect

185

(1)

Group Dynamics

185

(1)

Fritz Heider (1896-1988)

186

(1)

Solomon Asch (1907-96)

187

(1)

Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965)

188

(3)

Organismic Theory

189

(1)

The Abstract Attitude

190

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

191

(1)

Recommended Readings

192

(1)

Chapter 10 Research Methods

193

(14)

Introduction

193

(1)

Philosophy of Science

193

(3)

Logical Positivism

193

(1)

Operationism

194

(1)

Where Did Psychologists Stand?

195

(1)

Criticisms of Operationism

195

(1)

Experimental Methods

196

(1)

Statistical Inference

196

(1)

R.A. Fisher (1890-1962)

196

(3)

Fisher's Approach to Designing Experiments

196

(1)

The Null Hypothesis

197

(2)

Correlational Methods

199

(1)

Charles Spearman (1863-1945)

199

(1)

Cyril Burt (1883-1971)

200

(2)

The Burt Scandal

201

(1)

Louis Leon Thurstone (1887-1955)

202

(1)

Lee J. Cronbach (1916-2001) and 'The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology'

203

(3)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

206

(1)

Recommended Readings

206

(1)

Chapter 11 Theories of Learning

207

(28)

Introduction

207

(1)

Ernest R. Hilgard (1904-2001)

207

(2)

E.R. Guthrie (1886-1959)

209

(2)

Contiguity

209

(1)

Repetition

210

(1)

Reward

210

(1)

One-Trial Learning

210

(1)

Clark L. Hull (1884-1952)

211

(6)

The Formal Structure of Hullian Theory

212

(1)

The Hypothetico-Deductive Method

212

(1)

Postulates

212

(2)

Kenneth W. Spence (1907-67)

214

(1)

Charles E. Osgood (1916-91)

215

(1)

The Semantic Differential

216

(1)

E.C. Tolman (1886-1959)

217

(6)

Purposive Behaviour

218

(1)

Cognitive Maps

218

(1)

The Place versus Response Controversy

219

(4)

The Verbal Learning Tradition

223

(2)

Functionalism and Verbal Learning

223

(1)

Acquisition

223

(1)

Serial Learning

224

(1)

The Fate of Verbal Learning

225

(1)

D.O. Hebb (1904-85)

225

(3)

The Emergence of Neuroscience

225

(1)

The Organization of Behavior

225

(1)

Motivation

226

(1)

Experiments in Sensory Deprivation

227

(1)

Albert Bandura (1925-)

228

(5)

Social Learning Theory

230

(1)

Behaviour Modification

231

(1)

Reciprocal Determinism

232

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

233

(1)

Recommended Readings

234

(1)

Chapter 12 The Developmental Point of View

235

(30)

Introduction

235

(1)

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)

235

(3)

The Theory of Recapitulation

235

(1)

Hall's Life and Career

236

(1)

Hall's Recapitulationism

236

(1)

Questionnaires

237

(1)

Adolescence

238

(1)

James Mark Baldwin (1861-1934)

238

(2)

Psychology of Mental Development

239

(1)

Heinz Werner (1890-1964)

240

(4)

The Comparative Psychology of Mental Development

241

(1)

Uniformity versus Mult fonnity

241

(1)

Continuity versus Discontinuity

242

(1)

Unilinearity versus Multilinearity

242

(1)

Fixity versus Mobility

243

(1)

Microgenesis

243

(1)

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Bärbel Inhelder (1913-97)

244

(8)

Genetic Epistemology

245

(1)

The Development of Intelligence

245

(1)

Piaget's Clinical Method

246

(1)

Stages in the Development of Intelligence

247

(3)

Piaget as a Structuralist

250

(1)

Can Development Ever End?

251

(1)

L.S. Vygotsky (1896-1934)

252

(2)

Thought and Language

252

(1)

The Zone of Proximal Development

253

(1)

Erik H. Erikson (1902-94)

254

(3)

Lifespan Developmental Psychology

254

(1)

Epigenesis

255

(1)

The Eight Stages

255

(2)

Eleanor J. Gibson (1910-2002)

257

(5)

Perceptual Learning

258

(2)

The Visual Cliff

260

(1)

Eleanor Gibson on the Future of Psychology

261

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

262

(1)

Recommended Readings

263

(2)

Chapter 13 Humanistic Psychology

265

(24)

Introduction

265

(1)

Existentialism

265

(4)

Søren Kicrhegaard (1813-55)

265

(1)

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)

266

(1)

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80)

267

(1)

Ludwig Binswangcr (1881-1966)

268

(1)

The Emergence of Humanistic Psychology

269

(1)

Rollo May (1909-94)

270

(1)

Abraham H. Maslow (1908-70)

271

(5)

The Hierarchy of Needs

272

(2)

The Self-actualizing Person

274

(1)

Peak Experiences

275

(1)

The Psychology of Science

275

(1)

Carl R. Rogers (1902-87)

276

(6)

Client-Centred Therapy

277

(2)

Eugene T. Gendlin

279

(1)

Encounter Groups

280

(1)

What Happened to Humanistic Psychology?

281

(1)

George A. Kelly (1905-67)

282

(5)

The Psychology of Personal Constructs

282

(1)

The Repertory Test

283

(1)

Research in Personal Construct Theory

284

(2)

Qualitative Research Methods

286

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

287

(1)

Recommended Readings

288

(1)

Chapter 14 Cognitive Psychology

289

(26)

Introduction

289

(1)

The Concept of 'Information'

289

(1)

Noam Chomsky (1928-)

290

(3)

Syntactic Structures

291

(1)

Cartesian Linguistics

292

(1)

George A. Miller (1920-)

293

(4)

The Magical Number Seven

293

(1)

Plans and the Structure of Behavior

294

(2)

Subjective Behaviourism

296

(1)

Giving Psychology Away

297

(1)

Jerome S. Bruner (1915-)

297

(3)

The New Look in Perception

297

(2)

A Study of Thinking

299

(1)

Sir Frederic Bartlett (1886-1969)

300

(1)

Ulric Neisser (1928-)

301

(5)

Cognitive Psychology

302

(2)

James J. Gibson (1904-79)

304

(2)

Cognition and Reality

306

(1)

Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001)

306

(6)

Spurious Correlation and the Nature of Causality

306

(2)

Computer Simulation

308

(3)

Criticisms of Computer Simulation

311

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

312

(1)

Recommended Readings

313

(2)

Chapter 15 The Future of Psychology

315

(18)

Introduction

315

(1)

The New History of Science

315

(4)

Does Psychology Have Paradigms?

317

(2)

Feminism and the Psychology of Women

319

(1)

Psychology as a Social Construction

320

(5)

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)

321

(3)

Psychological Research as a Social Construction

324

(1)

Psychology, Modernism, and Postmodernism

325

(5)

Modernism

325

(2)

Postmodernism

327

(1)

The Differentiation of Psychology

328

(2)

The Future of the History of Psychology

330

(1)

Important Names, Works, and Concepts

331

(1)

Recommended Readings

332

(1)

Bibliography

333

(36)

Index

369

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

A History Of Psychology

A History Of Psychology

9780195419306

0195419308

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

A History Of Psychology

A History Of Psychology

9780195419306

0195419308

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Related Products