This book explores opportunities and requirements for the environmental governance of long-term problems of contemporary societies. It addresses an extremely relevant and pervasive global problem: the difficulty of developing and implementing effective longterm policies. The authors ask and seek to answer the question of what distinguishes longterm problems from other policy problems, what governance responses are available and used, and how could the different governance mechanisms, namely economic incentives, participation, as well as knowledge and learning help to address them. Combining the perspectives on the different governance approaches and featuring cases studies on national, regional and global issues, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of global environmental governance, development, sustainability, politics, economics, law and sociology.