Introduction: Historians and Their Sources

1 Monsters and Marvels: Images of Animals from the New World

What Can Images of Animals Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Images

Source Analysis Table

1. Succarath

2. Hoga [Manatee]

3. Whale

4. Alligator

5. Llama

6. Birds and Fish of New England

7. Animals of the Carolinas

8. Beaver

9. The Vampire, or Spectre of Guiana [?Vampire Bat]

10. The Aboma Snake [Anaconda]

2 Tales of Captivity and Redemption: North American Captivity Narratives

What Can Captivity Narratives Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Captivity Narratives

Source Analysis Table

1. Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, 1542

2. Father Isaac Jogues, S.J., 1647

3. Mary Rowlandson, 1682

3 Colonial America’s Most Wanted: Runaway Advertisements in Colonial Newspapers 00

What Can Runaway Advertisements Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Print Advertisements

Source Analysis Table

1. Boston Evening-Post, August 1, 1748

2. Boston Evening-Post, May 19, 1755

3. Boston Evening-Post, March 29, 1762

4. Pennsylvania Gazette, November 26, 1747

5. Pennsylvania Gazette, July 8, 1756

6. Pennsylvania Gazette, July 22, 1756

7. Pennsylvania Gazette, August 11, 1757

8. Pennsylvania Gazette, November 29, 1764

9. Virginia Gazette, April 11, 1766

10. Virginia Gazette, April 25, 1766

11. Virginia Gazette, August 10, 1769

12. Virginia Gazette, May 31, 1770

13. Georgia Gazette, May 26, 1763

14. Georgia Gazette, March 7, 1765

15. Georgia Gazette, January 14, 1767

16. Georgia Gazette, August 31, 1768

4 Experiencing the New Birth: Diaries, Journals, and Memoirs from the Great Awakening

What Can Diaries, Journals, and Memoirs Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Diaries, Journals, and Memoirs

Source Analysis Table

1. Nathan Cole’s Memoir, 1765

2. Hannah Heatons’ Diary, 1750s

3. John Marrant’s Memoir, 1785

4. Nicholas Gilman’s Diary, 1742

5. Joseph Fish’s Diary, 1773

6. Charles Woodmason’s Journal, 1768

5 The Sound of Rebellion: Songs in Revolutionary America

What Can Songs Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Songs

Source Analysis Table

1. "To the Ladies"

2. "The Liberty Song"

3. "The Parody"

4. "The Rebels"

5. "The New Recruit / Fare Thee Well, Ye Sweethearts"

6. "How Stands the Glass Around"

7. "The Epilogue"

8. "Volunteer Boys"

9. "To the Traitor Arnold"

10. "The Dance"

6 Debating the Constitution: Speeches from the New York Ratification Convention

What Can the Ratification Debates Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Political Debates

Source Analysis Table

1. Melancton Smith, June 21, 1788

2. Alexander Hamilton, June 21, 1788

3. Melancton Smith, June 21, 1788

4. Robert R. Livingston, June 23, 1788

5. Melancton Smith, June 23, 1788

6. Melancton Smith, June 27, 1788

7. Alexander Hamilton, June 28, 1788

7 The Question of Female Citizenship: Court Records from the New Nation

What Can Court Records Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Court Records

Source Analysis Table

1. The Fourth Error Identified by James Martin’s Attorneys in Their Appeal

2. George Blake, Attorney for James Martin

3. Daniel Davis, Solicitor General for Massachusetts

4. James Sullivan, Attorney General for Massachusetts

5. Theophilus Parsons, Attorney for James Martin

6. Justice Theodore Sedgwick

7. Justice Simeon Strong

8. Chief Justice Francis Dana

8 Family Values: Advice Literature for Parents and Children in the Early Republic 000

What Can Advice Literature Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Advice Literature

Source Analysis Table

1. The Mother at Home by John S. C. Abbott, 1833

2. The Mother’s Book by Lydia Maria Child, 1831

3. The New-England Primer, 1807

4. The Busy Bee, 1831

5. The Life of George Washington, 1832

9 The Meaning of Cherokee Civilization: Newspaper Editorials about Indian Removal

What Can Newspaper Editorials Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Newspaper Editorials

Source Analysis Table

ELIAS BOUDINOT, EDITORIALS FROM THE CHEROKEE PHOENIX (1828–1831) 000

1. February 21, 1828

2. January 21, 1829

3. January 28, 1829

4. February 18, 1829

5. April 21, 1830

6. November 12, 1831

7. From Letter I

8. From Letter II

9. From Letter V

10. From Letter XV

11. From Letter XXIV

10 Challenging the "Peculiar Institution": Slave Narratives from the Antebellum South

What Can Slave Narratives Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Slave Narratives

Source Analysis Table

1. Henry Bibb, Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, An American Slave, Written by Himself, 1849

2. Solomon Northup, Twelve Years A Slave, 1853

3. Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Written by Herself, 1861

11 Martyr or Madman? Biographies of John Brown

What Can Biographies Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Biographies

Source Analysis Table

1. John Brown by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1909

2. John Brown by Robert Penn Warren, 1929

3. John Brown, Abolitionist by David S. Reynolds, 2005

12 The Illustrated Civil War: Photography on the Battlefield

What Can Civil War Photographs Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Photographs

Source Analysis Table

1. "Lieut. Washington, a Confederate Prisoner, and Capt. Custer, U.S.A.," James F. Gibson, 1862

2. "Gen. Robert B. Potter and Staff of Seven, Recognized Capt. Gilbert H. McKibben, Capt. Wright, A.A.G. Also Mr. Brady, Photographer," Mathew Brady, c. 1863

3. "Portrait of a Soldier Group," photographer unknown, c. 1861–1865

4. "President Lincoln on Battle-Field of Antietam," Alexander Gardner, 1862

5. "Pennsylvania, Gettysburg 07?/?1863," Timothy O’Sullivan, 1863

6. "Ruins of Charleston, S.C.," George P. Barnard, 1866

7. "Portrait of Brig. Gen. Napoleon B. McLaughlin, Officer of the Federal Army, and Staff, Vicinity of Washington, D.C.," Mathew Brady, 1861

8. "Culpeper, Va. ‘Contrabands,’?" Timothy O’Sullivan, 1863

9. "African American Soldiers with Their Teachers and Officers," photographer and date unknown

10. "Antietam, Md. Bodies of Dead Gathered for Burial," Alexander Gardner, 1862

11. "A Contrast. Federal Buried; Confederate Unburied, Where They Fell on the Battle Field of Antietam," Alexander Gardner, 1862

12. "He Sleeps His Last Sleep," Alexander Gardner, 1862

13. "Battlefield of Gettysburg?—?Body of a Soldier in ‘the Wheat Field,’ Evidently Killed by the Explosion of a Shell," James F. Gibson, 1863

14. "Field Where General Reynolds Fell, Gettysburg," Timothy O’Sullivan, 1863

15. " . . . View of the Covered Ways inside the Rebel Fort Mahone, Called by the Soldiers ‘Fort Damnation’ . . . Taken the Morning after the Storming of Petersburgh, Va. 1865," T. C. Roche, 1865

16. "Cold Harbor, Va. African Americans Collecting Bones of Soldiers Killed in Battle," John Reekie, 1865

13 Political Terrorism during Reconstruction: Congressional Hearings and Reports on the Ku Klux Klan 000

What Can Congressional Hearings and Reports Tell Us?

checklist: Interrogating Congressional Hearings and Reports

Source Analysis Table

1. Testimony of Samuel T. Poinier, Washington, D.C., June 7, 1871

2. Testimony of D. H. Chamberlain, Washington, D.C., June 10, 1871

3. Testimony of Elias Thomson, Spartanburg, South Carolina, July 7, 1871

4. Testimony of Lucy McMillan, Spartanburg, South Carolina, July 10, 1871

5. Testimony of Mervin Givens, Spartanburg, South Carolina, July 12, 1871

6. Majority Report of the Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States, February 19, 1872, Submitted by Luke P. Poland

7. Minority Report of the Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States, February 19, 1872, Submitted by James B. Beck

CAPSTONE Coming Together and Pulling Apart: Nineteenth-Century Fourth of July Observations

What Can Multiple Source Types Tell Us?

Source Analysis Table

1. Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776, Painting. John Trumbull, 1819

2. Independence Day in Center Square, Painting. John Lewis Krimmel, 1819

3. "Adams and Jefferson," Speech. Daniel Webster, August 2, 1826

4. "Declaration of Rights of the Trades’ Union of Boston and Vicinity," 1834

5. Excerpt from Diary in America, with Remarks on Its Institutions, Memoir. Frederick Marryat, 1837

6. "Declaration of Sentiments," from the Woman’s Rights Convention, 1848

7. "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Speech. Frederick Douglass, July 5, 1852

8. Speech, John Wannuaucon Quinney, July 4, 1854

9. Excerpts from A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years 1834–1871, Diary. Sidney George Fisher, 1864, 1866

10. Excerpt from The Fire of Liberty in Their Hearts: The Diary of Jacob E. Yoder of the Freedman’s Bureau School, Lynchburg, Virginia, 1866–1870, Diary. Jacob E. Yoder, 1866

11. Fire-Works on the Night of the Fourth of July, Cartoon. Winslow Homer, 1868

12. The Fourth of July in the Country, Cartoon. Thomas Worth, 1868

13. The Freed Slave in Memorial Hall, Engraving. Fernando Miranda, 1876

15. 4. July. 1903, Drawing. Amos Bad Heart Bull, 1903

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