9780130649942

Laboratory manual is written in a workbook format to be easily used with any physiology text. Experiments are grouped in 23 teaching units including: lab reports, sample data, graphs, and enough experiments to be used in a semester-long course. Previous edition: c1997. Softcover, with three-hole punched perforated pages.

Preface

iii

To the Instructor

iii

To the Student

iv

Acknowledgements

v

Fundamental Physiological Principles

1

(8)

Units of Measurement

1

(1)

Concentration of Solutions

2

(3)

Acid-Base Balance

5

(4)

Movement Through Membranes

9

(12)

Diffusion

9

(1)

Osmosis

10

(1)

Tonicity

11

(1)

Cell Permeability

12

(9)

Renal Physiology

21

(12)

Kidney Regulation of Osmolarity

21

(1)

Urinalysis

22

(11)

Neuroanatomy and Resting Potential

33

(8)

Organization of the Nervous System

33

(1)

Spinal Nerves and Spinal Cord

33

(3)

Cranial Nerves

36

(1)

External Structures and Landmarks of the Brain

36

(1)

Sectioning of the Brain

37

(4)

Membrane Action Potentials

41

(14)

Resting and Action Potentials

41

(1)

Stimulation of Tissues

41

(1)

Oscilloscope

42

(1)

Sciatic Nerve Compound Action Potential

42

(13)

Reflex Functions and Synaptic Activity

55

(10)

Human Reflexes

55

(3)

Reaction Times

58

(1)

Synaptic Activity

59

(6)

Sensory Physiology I: Cutaneous, Hearing

65

(12)

Sensory Receptors

65

(1)

Cutaneous Receptors

65

(2)

Hearing

67

(10)

Sensory Physiology II: Vision

77

(14)

Functions of the Eye

77

(6)

Anatomy of the Eye

83

(2)

Ophthalmoscopy

85

(6)

Reproductive Physiology

91

(10)

Influence of Hormones on Reproduction

91

(2)

Testicular and Gonadotropic Hormones

93

(1)

Ovarian Hormones and Estrus Cycle

94

(2)

Pregnancy Tests

96

(5)

Digestion

101

(8)

Salivary Digestion of Carbohydrates

101

(1)

Gastric Digestion of Protein

102

(1)

Digestion of Fat with Pancreatic Lipase and Bile Salts

102

(7)

Smooth Muscle Motility

109

(4)

Responses of Intestinal and Uterine Segments

109

(4)

Insulin Regulation of Blood Glucose

113

(10)

Action of Glucose

113

(1)

Glucose Tolerance Test

114

(1)

Operation of the Glucometer II

115

(8)

Measurement of Metabolic Rate

123

(14)

Human Metabolism: Calorimetry

123

(3)

Relationship of Metabolism to Surface Area and Body Weight

126

(11)

Thyroid Function

137

(8)

Thyroid Effects on Metabolism

137

(2)

Thyroid Uptake of Iodine

139

(6)

Nerve-Muscle Activity

145

(22)

Dissection of Nerve-Muscle Preparation

145

(4)

Isolated Muscle Responses

149

(3)

Stimulation of Motor Points

152

(15)

Cardiac Function

167

(14)

Characteristics of Heart Contractility

167

(1)

Anatomy of Amphibian or Reptilian Heart

167

(1)

Physiology of Amphibian or Reptilian Heart

168

(13)

Human Cardiovascular Function

181

(14)

Auscultation of Heart Sounds

181

(1)

Measurement of Blood Pressure

182

(2)

Arterial Pulse Wave

184

(2)

Valves in the Veins

186

(1)

Electrocardiogram

186

(4)

Electrical Axis of the Heart

190

(5)

Respiratory Function

195

(10)

Respiratory Movements

195

(2)

Respiratory Volumes

197

(2)

Pulmonary Function Tests

199

(6)

Regulation of Circulation and Respiration

205

(6)

Instrumentation

205

(1)

Anesthetics for Rabbits

206

(5)

Blood Physiology I: Erythrocyte Functions

211

(14)

Functions of Blood

211

(1)

Blood Hematocrit

211

(1)

Hemoglobin Determination

212

(2)

Blood Cell Counting

214

(4)

Microcirculation

218

(7)

Blood Physiology II: Leukocytes, Blood Types, Hemostasis

225

(12)

Identification of White Blood Cells

225

(3)

Blood Typing

228

(4)

Blood Coagulation (Hemostasis)

232

(5)

Physical Fitness

237

(14)

Muscular Strength and Endurance

237

(1)

Flexibility

238

(1)

Body Composition

238

(4)

Cardiorespiratory Endurance (Aerobic Fitness)

242

(9)

Physiology of Exercise

251

(8)

Parameters Modified by Exercise

251

(8)

Appendix A: Precautions for Handling Blood

259

(2)

Appendix B: Solutions

261

(2)

Appendix C: Tables and Nomograms

263

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

TO THE INSTRUCTOR A laboratory manual is never the work of one author alone; it represents a blend of ideas from other lab manuals, other teachers, and personal experience in the laboratory. We have selected the experiments in this manual because they fulfill two key criteria: They produce consistently successful results--students need not be trained scientists to get meaningful data. They teach significant physiological concepts. The manual is written in a "generic" format so that it can be used with any text and with a variety of laboratory equipment. Detailed directions for operating specialized equipment are not included, so the manual is more versatile and less cluttered with excessive directions that are seldom read by students. The major change in the 8th Edition is the addition of a companion website with links to pages that will enhance a student's ability to understand the physiological principles behind the experiments. An ever increasing number of excellent web-based tutorials and animations are now available, each designed to illustrate a particular physiological process. We have attempted to collect the best of these and link them to the companion website. Our goal is to update the website on a regular basis to remove dead links, and to add new links. The companion website is at www.prenhall.com/tharpwoodman . The following features of the manual have made it an effective tool for student learning and efficient teaching by instructors. Experiments are grouped into 23 "teaching units".Each teaching unit consists of a group of related experiments suitable for a 3-hour laboratory period. By eliminating some of these experiments, an instructor can also provide an effective 2-hour lab. The teaching units presented are those that we have found can be successfully performed and discussed by students during a typical 3-hour lab. This grouping of experiments was initiated in the fourth edition and has been well received by instructors and students because it helps them better organize the learning that takes place each week. It also helps students focus on related concepts in physiology, thus maximizing their learning. A lab report for each teaching unit is provided after each exercise. Lab reports consist of data tables, graphs, and questions designed to stimulate students' thinking on what they have seen and done in lab. These reports can be removed from the manual and turned in for grading. The questions posed are not meant to be comprehensive but are to accent the major concepts explored experimentally in each unit. Most of the questions can be answered by short statements that can be easily graded by the lab instructor. Comments by instructors indicate that these lab reports are a major feature of the manual. Students have commented that the reports help them understand what they are doing in lab and make it easier to relate their findings to the theoretical concepts studied in lecture. Some questions are more complex than others; they require an application of knowledge of new situations. In the elementary physiology course, the Laboratory Report questions are used as a basis for discussion at the end of the lab period, and the answers to complex questions are provided after discussion. In upper-level courses, students are expected to think through these questions on their own. The Instructor's Guide provides sample data, graphs, and answers to questions in the lab reports. These experimental results represent average values obtained in our teaching labs; they provide guidelines the instructor may use to compare with his or her own results. Instructors are encouraged to devise additional questions for lab quizzes that probe students' knowledge of other facets of the lab experience. The Instructor's Guide also provides lists of materials and equ

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Experiments in Physiology

Experiments in Physiology

0130649945

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