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The English Language A Linguistic History

by: Brinton, Laurel J.; Arnovick, Leslie K.

The English Language A Linguistic History

by: Brinton, Laurel J.; Arnovick, Leslie K.

ISBN 13:
9780195422054
ISBN 10:
0195422058
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/09/2006
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

"Rooted in formal linguistics and designed for students with no background in languages or linguistics this text is ideal for full- and half-year courses in the history of the English language."--BOOK JACKET.

List of Tables, Figures, and Sample Texts

xiii

Preface

xvii

1 Studying the History of English

(27)

Overview

(1)

Objectives

(1)

Why Study the History of English?

(2)

A Definition of Language

(1)

The Components of Language

(4)

Linguistic Change in English

(6)

The Periods of English

(4)

An Example of Linguistic Change

(2)

The Nature of Linguistic Change

(3)

The Inevitability of Change

(2)

The Arbitrary Nature of the Linguistic Sign

(1)

The Origin of Language

(2)

Attitudes Toward Linguistic Change

(2)

Linguistic Corruption

(1)

Prescriptivism versus Descriptivism

(1)

Resources for Studying the History of English

(4)

General Dictionaries

(1)

Historical and Etymological Dictionaries

(1)

Historical Grammar and Syntax

(1)

Concordances and Historical Corpora

(2)

Recommended Web Links

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Further Viewing

(1)

2 The Sounds and Writing of English

(27)

Overview

(1)

Objectives

(1)

The Sounds of English

(19)

The Phonetic Alphabet

(1)

The Phoneme

(1)

The Production of Speech

(1)

Consonants

(2)

The Consonant Sounds of English

(6)

Vowels

(2)

The Vowels of English

(5)

Stress

(2)

The Writing of English

(5)

The History of Writing

(2)

The Origin of the Alphabet

(3)

Recommended Web Links

(1)

Further Reading

(2)

3 Causes and Mechanisms of Language Change

(34)

Overview

(1)

Objectives

(1)

Causes of Change

(8)

Internal

(2)

External

(6)

Mechanisms of Phonological Change

(6)

Determining Sounds from Written Records

(1)

The Nature of Sound Change

(1)

Types of Sound Change

(5)

Mechanisms of Morphological and Syntactic Change

(6)

Analogy

(3)

Grammaticalization

(1)

Conservative and Innovative Changes

(2)

Mechanisms of Semantic Change

(11)

Types of Semantic Change

(9)

Some Generalizations About Semantic Change

(1)

Recommended Web Links

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

4 The Indo-European Language Family and Proto-Indo-European

(32)

Overview

(1)

Objectives

(1)

Classification of Languages

(4)

Typological Classification

(3)

Genealogical Classification

(1)

Language Families

(1)

The Indo-European Language Family

(10)

The Discovery of Indo-European

(1)

The Branches of Indo-European

(1)

Satem Languages

(4)

Centum Languages

101

(3)

Proto-Language

104

(1)

Reconstruction

104

(5)

Proto-Indo-European

109

(9)

Linguistic Features

109

(6)

Society

115

(1)

Homeland

116

(2)

Nostratic Theory

118

(1)

Recommended Web Links

119

(1)

Further Reading

119

(1)

Further Viewing

120

(1)

5 Germanic and the Development of Old English

121

(32)

Overview

121

(1)

Objectives

121

(1)

Proto-Germanic

122

(4)

Grammatical and Lexical Changes from PIE to Germanic

126

(4)

Phonological Changes from PIE to Germanic

130

(13)

Grimm's Law

130

(6)

Verner's Law

136

(2)

Accent Shift and Ordering of Changes

138

(1)

Vowel Changes

139

(2)

Second Sound Shift and Mechanisms of Change

141

(2)

A Brief History of Anglo-Saxon England

143

(5)

The Germanic Settlement of England

144

(2)

The Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons

146

(1)

The Scandinavian Invasions of England

147

(1)

The Records of the Anglo-Saxons

148

(3)

The Dialects of Old English

148

(2)

The Written Records of Old English

150

(1)

Recommended Web Links

151

(1)

Further Reading

152

(1)

6 The Sounds and Words of Old English

153

(29)

Overview

153

(1)

Objectives

153

(1)

The Orthographic System of Old English

154

(1)

The Phonological System of Old English

154

(11)

Consonants

154

(5)

Vowels

159

(3)

Sound Changes

162

(3)

The Word Stock of the Anglo-Saxons

165

(11)

The Continuity of Germanic Vocabulary in English

165

(1)

Borrowing in Old English

166

(6)

Word Formation in Old English

172

(4)

Stress

176

(3)

Recommended Web Links

179

(1)

Further Reading

180

(2)

7 The Grammar of Old English

182

(47)

Overview

182

(1)

Objectives

182

(1)

The Nominal System

183

(23)

The Grammatical Categories of the Noun

183

(1)

Pronouns

184

(3)

Nouns

187

(6)

Demonstratives, Adjectives, and Adverbs

193

(7)

Agreement

200

(1)

Case Usage

201

(5)

The Verbal System

206

(9)

Verb Classes

207

(3)

The Grammatical Categories of the Verb

210

(1)

Inflectional Endings of the Verb

211

(4)

Syntax

215

(12)

Verbal Periphrases

215

(3)

Word Order

218

(9)

Recommended Web Links

227

(1)

Further Reading

227

(1)

Further Viewing

228

(1)

8 The Rise of Middle English: Words and Sounds

229

(36)

Overview

229

(1)

Objectives

229

(1)

French and English in Medieval England

230

(6)

The Norman Conquest

230

(2)

The Establishment of French

232

(2)

The Re-establishment of English

234

(2)

The Word Stock of Middle English

236

(6)

French Influence

236

(3)

Latin Influence

239

(3)

The Written Records of Middle English

242

(5)

Middle English Dialects

242

(5)

Middle English Literature

247

(1)

Orthographic Changes

247

(4)

Consonant Changes

251

(3)

Vowel Changes

254

(8)

Qualitative Changes

254

(2)

Quantitative Changes

256

(6)

Recommended Web Links

262

(1)

Further Reading

263

(2)

9 The Grammar of Middle English and Rise of a Written Standard

265

(42)

Overview

265

(1)

Objectives

265

(1)

Vowel Reduction and Its Effects

266

(3)

Grammatical Developments in Middle English

269

(26)

Adjectives and Nouns

269

(5)

Pronouns

274

(3)

Loss of Grammatical Gender

277

(3)

Verbs

280

(6)

Syntax

286

(9)

Change from Synthetic to Analytic

295

(2)

Middle English as a Creole?

297

(2)

The Rise of a Standard Dialect

299

(6)

Recommended Web Links

305

(1)

Further Reading

305

(2)

10 The Sounds and Inflections of Early Modern English

307

(38)

Overview

307

(1)

Objectives

307

(1)

The Great Vowel Shift

308

(7)

Nature of the Shift

308

(1)

Details of the Shift

309

(6)

Changes in the Short Vowels and Diphthongs

315

(4)

Changes in Consonants

319

(4)

Renaissance Respellings

323

(2)

Changes in Nominal Inflected Forms

325

(9)

Nouns

325

(2)

Pronouns

327

(7)

Case Usage

334

(3)

Changes in Verbal Inflected Forms

337

(6)

Verb Classes

337

(3)

Inflectional Endings

340

(3)

Recommended Web Links

343

(1)

Further Reading

344

(1)

11 Early Modern English Verbal Constructions and Eighteenth-Century Prescriptivism

345

(36)

Overview

345

(1)

Objectives

345

(1)

Early Modern English Syntax

346

(11)

Reflexive and Impersonal Verbs

346

(2)

The Subjunctive and the Modal Auxiliaries

348

(1)

Verbal Periphrases

349

(3)

352

(2)

Word Order

354

(3)

The Rise of Prescriptivism

357

(4)

Renaissance Concerns About the Language

357

(1)

Social, Linguistic, and Philosophical Reasons for Prescriptivism

358

(1)

Important Prescriptive Grammarians of the Eighteenth Century

359

(2)

Aims of the Eighteenth-Century Grammarians

361

(3)

Ascertainment

361

(1)

An Academy

362

(2)

Methods of the Eighteenth-Century Grammarians

364

(8)

Authority

365

(1)

Model of Latin

366

(1)

Etymology

367

(1)

Reason

368

(4)

The Question of Usage

372

(3)

Dictionaries

375

(4)

Recommended Web Links

379

(18)

Further Reading

397

Further Viewing

380

(1)

12 Modern English

381

(66)

Overview

381

(1)

Objectives

381

(1)

Grammatical and Lexical Changes Since Early Modern English

382

(10)

Grammatical Changes

382

(4)

Modern Borrowings

386

(3)

The Oxford English Dictionary

389

(3)

The Development of National Varieties

392

(23)

British versus North American English

395

(7)

Canadian English

402

(5)

Australian and New Zealand English

407

(3)

African English

410

(3)

Caribbean English

413

(2)

Important Regional Varieties

415

(21)

English in the British Isles

415

(8)

English in the United States

423

(13)

Changes in Progress

436

(2)

Neologisms

436

(2)

Grammatical Changes

438

(5)

Recommended Web Links

443

(1)

Further Reading

444

(2)

Further Viewing

446

(1)

Exercise Key

447

(42)

Glossary of Linguistic Terms

489

(18)

References

507

(10)

Index

517

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The English Language A Linguistic History

The English Language A Linguistic History

9780195422054

0195422058

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The English Language A Linguistic History

The English Language A Linguistic History

9780195422054

0195422058

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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