1-1 Introduction

1-2 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

1-3 Variables and Types of Data

1-4 Data Collection and Sampling Techniques

1-5 Observational and Experimental Studies

1-6 Uses and Misuses of Statistics

1-7 Computers and Calculators

1-8 Summary

2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs

2-1 Introduction

2-2 Organizing Data

2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives

2-4 Other Types of Graphs

2-5 Summary

3 Data Description

3-1 Introduction

3-2 Measures of Central Tendency

3-3 Measures of Variation

3-4 Measures of Position

3-5 Exploratory Data Analysis

3-6 Summary

4 Probability and Counting Rules

4-1 Introduction

4-2 Sample Spaces and Probability

4-3 The Addition Rules for Probability

4-4 The Multiplication Rules and Conditional Probability

4-5 Counting Rules

4-6 Probability and Counting Rules

4-7 Summary

5 Discrete Probability Distributions

5-1 Introduction

5-2 Probability Distributions

5-3 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Expectation

5-4 The Binomial Distribution

5-5 Other Types of Distributions (Optional)

5-6 Summary

6 The Normal Distribution

6-1 Introduction

6-2 Properties of the Normal Distribution

6-3 The Standard Normal Distribution

6-4 Applications of the Normal Distribution

6-5 The Central Limit Theorem

6-6 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution

6-7 Summary

7 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

7-1 Introduction

7-2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (s Known or n³30) and Sample Size

7-3 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (s Unknown or n<30)

7-4 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size for Proportions

7-5 Confidence Intervals for Variances and Standard Deviations

7-6 Summary

8 Hypothesis Testing

8-1 Introduction

8-2 Steps in Hypothesis Testing - Traditional Method

8-3 z Test for a Mean

8-4 t Test for a Mean

8-5 z Test for a Proportion

8-6 Chi Square test for a Variance or Standard Deviation

8-7 Additional Topics Regarding Hypothesis Testing

8-8 Summary

9 Testing the Difference Between Two Means, Two Variances, and Two Proportions

9-1 Introduction

9-2 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Large Samples

9-3 Testing the Difference Between Two Variances

9-4 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Independent Samples

9-5 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Dependent Samples

9-6 Testing the Difference Between Proportions

9-7 Summary

10 Correlation and Regression

10-1 Introduction

10-2 Scatter Plots

10-3 Correlation

10-4 Regression

10-5 Coefficient of Determination and Standard Error of the Estimate

10-6 Multiple Regression (Optional)

10-7 Summary

11 Other Chi-Square Tests

11-1 Introduction

11-2 Test for Goodness of Fit

11-3 Tests Using Contingency Tables

11-4 Summary

12 Analysis of Variance

12-1 Introduction

12-2 One-Way Analysis of Variance

12-3 The Scheffé Test and the Tukey Test

12-4 Two-Way Analysis of Variance

12-5 Summary

13 Nonparametric Statistics

13-1 Introduction

13-2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonparametric Methods

13-3 The Sign Test

13-4 The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test

13-5 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

13-6 The Kruskal-Wallis Test

13-7 The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient and the Runs Test

13-8 Summary

14 Sampling and Simulation

14-1 Introduction

14-2 Common Sampling Techniques

14-3 Surveys and Questionnaire Design

14-4 Simulation Techniques

14-5 The Monte Carlo Method

14-6 Summary

Appendix A: Algebra Review

Appendix B-1: Writing the Research Report

Appendix B-2: Bayes's Theorem

Appendix B-3: Alternate Method for the Standard Normal Distribution

Appendix C: Tables

Appendix D: Data Bank

Appendix E: Glossary

Appendix F: Bibliography

Appendix G: Photo Credits

Appendix H: Selected Answers