Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 2

1-1 Review and Preview 4

1-2 Statistical Thinking 4

1-3 Types of Data 11

1-4 Critical Thinking 17

1-5 Collecting Sample Data 26

Chapter 2 Summarizing and Graphing Data 44

2-1 Review and Preview 46

2-2 Frequency Distributions 46

2-3 Histograms 55

2-4 Statistical Graphics 59

2-5 Critical Thinking: Bad Graphs 70

Chapter 3 Statistics for Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data 82

3-1 Review and Preview 84

3-2 Measures of Center 84

3-3 Measures of Variation 99

3-4 Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots 114

Chapter 4 Probability 136

4-1 Review and Preview 138

4-2 Basic Concepts of Probability 138

4-3 Addition Rule 152

4-4 Multiplication Rule: Basics 159

4-5 Multiplication Rule: Complements and Conditional Probability 171

4-6 Probabilities Through Simulations 178

4-7 Counting 184

4-8 Bayes’ Theorem (on CD-ROM) 193

Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions 202

5-1 Review and Preview 204

5-2 Random Variables 205

5-3 Binomial Probability Distributions 218

5-4 Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation for

the Binomial Distribution 229

5-5 Poisson Probability Distributions 234

Chapter 6 Normal Probability Distributions 248

6-1 Review and Preview 250

6-2 The Standard Normal Distribution 251

6-3 Applications of Normal Distributions 264

6-4 Sampling Distributions and Estimators 276

6-5 The Central Limit Theorem 287

6-6 Normal as Approximation to Binomial 299

6-7 Assessing Normality 309

Chapter 7 Estimates and Sample Sizes 326

7-1 Review and Preview 328

7-2 Estimating a Population Proportion 328

7-3 Estimating a Population Mean: Known 345

7-4 Estimating a Population Mean: Not Known 355

7-5 Estimating a Population Variance 370

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing 390

8-1 Review and Preview 392

8-2 Basics of Hypothesis Testing 393

8-3 Testing a Claim About a Proportion 412

8-4 Testing a Claim About a Mean: Known 425

8-5 Testing a Claim About a Mean: Not Known 432

8-6 Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance 443

Chapter 9 Inferences from Two Samples 460

9-1 Review and Preview 462

9-2 Inferences About Two Proportions 462

9-3 Inferences About Two Means: Independent Samples 473

9-4 Inferences from Dependent Samples 487

9-5 Comparing Variation in Two Samples 497

Chapter 10 Correlation and Regression 516

10-1 Review and Preview 518

10-2 Correlation 518

10-3 Regression 536

10-4 Variation and Prediction Intervals 551

10-5 Multiple Regression 560

10-6 Modeling 570

Chapter 11 Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables 584

11-1 Review and Preview 586

11-2 Goodness-of-Fit 586

11-3 Contingency Tables 598

11-4 McNemar’s Test for Matched Pairs 611

Chapter 12 Analysis of Variance 626

12-1 Review and Preview 628

12-2 One-Way ANOVA 628

12-3 Two-Way ANOVA 642

Chapter 13 Nonparametric Statistics 660

13-1 Review and Preview 662

13-2 Sign Test 663

13-3 Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs 674

13-4 Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum Test for Two Independent Samples 680

13-5 Kruskal-Wallis Test 686

13-6 Rank Correlation 691

13-7 Runs Test for Randomness 699

California Data Applications Supplement 715

Appendices 753

Appendix A: Tables 754

Appendix B: Data Sets 775

Appendix C: Bibliography of Books and Web Sites 804

Appendix D: Answers to Odd-Numbered Section Exercises, plus Answers to All End-of-Chapter Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking Exercises, Chapter Quick Quizzes, Review Exercises, and Cumulative Review Exercises 805

Credits 851

Index 853

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