PART I: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS. 1. DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY. Focusing Questions. Theory. Classical Organizational Theory. Human Relations Approach. Behavioral Science Approach. Development of Administrative Thought. Systems Theory. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE. Focusing Questions. Basic Concepts of Organizational Structure. The Bureaucratic Model. The Participatory Management Model. Alternative Models of Organizational Structure. The School as a Social System. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 3. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE. Focusing Questions. The Nature of Organizational Culture. Developing, Maintaining, and Changing. Effects of Organizational Culture. Organizational Climate. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. PART II: ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES. 4. MOTIVATION. Focusing Questions. Defining Motivation. Content Theories. Process Theories. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 5. LEADERSHIP. Focusing Questions. The Nature of Leadership. Leader Traits. Leadership Behavior. Contingency Leadership. Leadership Styles. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 6. DECISION MAKING. Focusing Questions. The Nature of Decision Making. Models of Decision Making. Benefits of Shared Decision Making. Problems in Shared Decision Making. Shared Decision-Making Techniques. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 7. COMMUNICATION. Focusing Questions. The Importance of Communication. The Communication Process. Nonverbal Communication. Direction of Communication. Communication Networks. Barriers to Communication. Overcoming Barriers to Communication. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 8. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE. Focusing Questions. Schools as Open Systems. Pressures for Organizational Change. Resistance to Change. Individual Approaches to Change. Group Approaches to Change. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. PART III: THE STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK FOR EDUCATION. 9. THE FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT AND EDUCATION. Focusing Questions. The Federal Role in Education. Changing Roles in the Federal Government and Education. Congressional Influence on Education. Federal Programs and Activities in Education. National Reform of Education. State Government and Education. State Education Agencies. State Reform Movements. Guidelines for Reform. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 10. LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS. Focusing Questions. Local School Policy. Organization of School Districts. Local School Boards. The School Superintendent. The Central Staff. The Principal and the School. Conditions of Employment. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 11. SCHOOL FINANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY. Focusing Questions. Education and Economics. Tax Sources of School Revenues. Local Financing of Public Schools. State Financing of Public Schools. State Aid to Local Districts. School Effectiveness and Productivity. School Finance Trends. Streamlining Budgets. Environmental Hazards. School Infrastructure Costs. Financing School Construction. International Comparisons of Education Spending. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 12. LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EDUCATION. Focusing Questions. Legal Framework for Public Education. The Law and Professional Personnel. The Law and Students. The Law and State Issues. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. PART IV: ADMINISTRATION OF PROGRAMS AND SERVICES. 13. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION. Focusing Questions. Curriculum Definitions and Approaches. Curriculum Development. Components of Curriculum Development. The Roles of the Curriculum Worker. How Implementation Occurs. Implementation as a Change Process. Summary. Key Terms. Discussion Questions. Suggested Readings. 14. ANALYZING AND IMPROVING TEACHING.