A Dictionary of Varieties of English presents a comprehensive listing of the distinctive dialects and forms of English spoken throughout the contemporary world.

• Provides an invaluable introduction and guide to current research trends in the field
• Includes definitions both for the varieties of English and regions they feature, and for terms and concepts derived from a linguistic analysis of these varieties
• Explores important research issues including the transportation of dialects of English, the rise of ‘New Englishes’, sociolinguistic investigations of various English-speaking locales, and the study of language contact and change.
• Reflects our increased awareness of global forms of English, and the advances made in the study of varieties of the language in recent decades
• Creates an invaluable, informative resource for students and scholars alike, spanning the rich and diverse linguistic varieties of the most widely accepted language of international communication

Raymond Hickey is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Duisburg and Essen, Germany. He is the editor of The Handbook of Language Contact (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), and the author of a number of books, including Eighteenth-Century English: Ideology and Change (2010), Varieties in Writing (2010), and Irish English in Today’s World (2011). He has also published over 100 articles on various issues within the field of linguistics.

Preface vii

Maps ix

Introduction: Research Trends in Variety Studies 1

How to Use This Book 8

A 9

B 43

C 55

D 86

E 104

F 119

G 130

H 141

I 151

J 165

K 168

L 172

M 186

N 201

O 221

P 228

Q 258

R 261

S 272

T 309

U 323

V 328

W 342

X 350

Y 351

Z 353

Appendix A: Lexical Sets 355

Appendix B: Guide to Phonetic Symbols 357

Appendix C: IPA and American Transcription 360

Reference Guide for Varieties of English 363