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CyberLaw Text and Cases

by: Ferrera, Gerald R.; Lichtenstein, Stephen D.; Reder, Margo E. K.; Bird, Robert; Schiano, William T.

CyberLaw Text and Cases

by: Ferrera, Gerald R.; Lichtenstein, Stephen D.; Reder, Margo E. K.; Bird, Robert; Schiano, William T.

ISBN 13:
9780324164886
ISBN 10:
0324164882
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 07/07/2003
Publisher: South-Western College/West
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Summary

This exciting text assists aspiring business managers in recognizing the legal issues relevant to maintaining and doing business in an e-commerce world. It covers relevant legal issues, applicable court decisions, federal and state statutes, administrative rulings, legal literature, and ethical considerations relating to Internet law.

Preface

xviii

List of Cases

xxiv

Part 1 Introduction to Cyberlaw

Technology and Cyberlaw

(12)

Introduction

(1)

History of the Internet

(1)

History of the World Wide Web

(1)

How the Internet Works

(2)

Internet Addresses

(1)

The Language of the Internet

(1)

Accessing a Web Site

(1)

Transmitting Information

(1)

Netiquette

(1)

Regulation of Cyberspace

(4)

Business and Individual Users

(1)

Information Security

(1)

Ping of Death

(1)

Business Uses of Internet Technologies

(1)

Globalization

(1)

Law and Cyberspace

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Manager's Checklist

(1)

Jurisdiction

(32)

Introduction

(1)

Categories of Jurisdiction

(3)

Traditional Principles of Jurisdiction

(3)

State Long-Arm Statutes and Personal Jurisdiction over a Nonresident Defendant

(1)

Application of the Due Process Clause over a Nonresident Defendant

(2)

Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction over a Nonresident Defendant

(1)

Judicial History of Personal Jurisdiction

(2)

Constitutional Framework for Due Process under the International Shoe Company Case

(1)

Two-Pronged Analysis for Finding Personal Jurisdiction in the International Shoe Company Case

(1)

Personal Jurisdiction in the Online Environment

(1)

Passive Web Sites versus Interactive Web Sites

(1)

``Effects'' Test of Jurisdiction

(1)

Pavlovich v. The Superior Court of Santa Clara County and DVD Copy Control Assn., Inc.

(3)

General Jurisdiction

(1)

Specific Jurisdiction

(1)

Verizon Online Services, Inc. v. Ralsky

(4)

Sliding Scale Analysis of Personal Jurisdiction over a Nonresident E-Business

(1)

Forum Selection and Choice of Law Clause

(1)

Am. Online, Inc. v. Superior Court (Mendoza)

(2)

International Jurisdiction in Cyberspace

(1)

Who Governs the Online World?

(1)

Principles of National Enforcement

(1)

Yahoo!, Inc. v. La Ligue Contre Le Racisme et L'Antisemitisme

(3)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Manager's Checklist

(1)

Case Problems

(2)

Additional Readings

(3)

Part 2 Intellectual Property Issues in Cyberspace

Trademarks

(36)

Introduction

(1)

Intellectual Property

(1)

Trademarks

(4)

Service Marks

(1)

Trade Dress as a Trademark

(1)

Registering a Trademark, Trade Dress, or Service Mark with the USPTO

(1)

Duration of a Trademark

(1)

Trademarks as Distinctive: Either Inherently or Through a Secondary Meaning

(2)

Julia Fiona Roberts v. Russell Boyd

(4)

Trademark Infringement and Dilution

(1)

Trademark Infringement

(1)

Checkpoint Systems, Inc. v. Check Point Software Technologies, Inc.

(5)

Trademark Dilution

(1)

A.B.C. Carpet Co., Inc., et al. v. Naeini

(3)

Trademarks in Cyberspace: Cyberpiracy and Internet Technology

(1)

Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA)

(1)

E & J Gallo Winery v. Spider Webs Ltd.

(5)

Internet Technology and Trademark Infringement

(3)

Playboy Enterprises Inc. v. Welles

(1)

International Regulation and Enforcement of Trademark Law

(5)

Key International Trademark Treaties

(1)

International Trademark Disputes of Internet Domain Names

(2)

``Metatagging'' and Misuse of Another's Trademark

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Manager's Checklist

(1)

Case Problems

(1)

Additional Readings

(1)

Copyrights

(28)

Introduction

(3)

(2)

Subject Matter of Copyrights

(1)

Requirements for Registration in the Copyright Office

(1)

Duration of Copyright

(1)

Constitutional Challenge to the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act

(1)

Eldred v. Ashcroft

(2)

Exclusive Statutory Rights of a Copyright Owner

(3)

Right to Reproduce the Work

(1)

Right of Distribution: Selling, Renting, or Leasing Copies

(1)

Right to Prepare Derivative Works

(1)

Right to Perform and Display Publicly a Copyright Work

(1)

Theories of Liability for Copyright Infringement

(1)

Direct Infringement

(1)

Contributory Infringement

(1)

Vicarious Infringement

(1)

Religious Technology Center v. Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc.

(3)

Limitations on Copyright Owners' Exclusive Rights

(2)

Fair Use Doctrine

(1)

First Sale Doctrine

(1)

Public Domain

(1)

Other Statutory Exemptions on Copyright Owners' Exclusive Rights

(1)

Remedies for Copyright Infringement

100

(1)

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

101

(1)

Anti-Circumvention of ``Digital Locks,''

101

(1)

101

(1)

Trafficking in Circumvention Tools

102

(1)

Safe Harbor for Online Service Providers Under the DMCA

102

(1)

Online Service Providers (OSPs)

102

(1)

Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and the Napster Case

103

(1)

International Regulation and Enforcement of Copyright Law

104

(3)

Key International Copyright Initiatives

104

(2)

Extraterritorial Enforcement of Domestic Copyrights

106

(1)

Summary

107

(1)

Key Terms

108

(1)

Manager's Checklist

108

(1)

Case Problems

109

(1)

Additional Readings

110

(1)

Business Methods Patents and Trade Secrets

111

(40)

Introduction

111

(1)

Business Methods Patents

112

(2)

Legal Framework of Patents

112

(2)

Agency Enforcement of Patent Laws

114

(1)

Patent Law as It Relates to Business Practices

114

(4)

Patentable Subject Matter

114

(3)

Types of Patents

117

(1)

What Claims Are Covered

117

(1)

First to Invent versus First to File a Patent

117

(1)

The Patentability of Software and Business Methods Patents

118

(2)

Software Patents

118

(1)

Business Methods Patents

119

(1)

State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc.

120

(3)

What May Be Done with the Patent

122

(1)

Marketel International, Inc. v. Priceline.com

123

(3)

Enforcing Patent Rights: Plaintiff's Case

126

(1)

Literal Infringement

126

(1)

Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.

126

(3)

The Doctrine of Equivalents

128

(1)

Defendant's Case

129

(1)

Noninfringement

129

(1)

Invalidity

129

(1)

Remedies

130

(1)

The Future of Business Methods Patents: The Problems/Vulnerabilities in the Present System

130

(2)

Prior Art

130

(1)

Valuation Issues

131

(1)

Lock-Up on Information

131

(1)

The Patent Office

132

(1)

International Recognition and Enforcement of Business Methods Patents

132

(2)

Patent Cooperation Treaty

132

(1)

European Union (EU)

132

(1)

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

133

(1)

Japan

133

(1)

Extraterritorial Enforcement of Business Methods Patents

134

(1)

Trade Secrets: An Alternative Strategy to Patenting

134

(4)

Legal Framework of Trade Secrets

134

(2)

Trade Secret Law as It Relates to Business Practices

136

(1)

Trade Secret Litigation: Plaintiff's Case

137

(1)

Trade Secret Litigation Continued: Defendant's Case

138

(1)

DVD Copy Control Association v. Bunner

138

(5)

International Recognition and Enforcement of Trade Secret Laws

141

(2)

Summary

143

(1)

Key Terms

144

(1)

Manager's Checklist

144

(1)

Case Problems

145

(2)

Additional Readings

147

(4)

Part 3 Business and Financial Issues in Cyberspace

Online Contracting

151

(42)

Introduction

151

(4)

Why Is Online Contracting Law Important?

152

(1)

History and Development of Online Contracting

152

(1)

Terms of E-Commerce

153

(1)

E-Commerce Business Models

154

(1)

Benefits to Consumers

155

(1)

Fundamental Principles of Contract Law

155

(1)

The Requirements of a Contract

155

(6)

Mutual Assent

156

(2)

Consideration

158

(1)

Capacity

158

(1)

Legality

159

(1)

Form

160

(1)

Exceptions to the Statute of Frauds' Writing Requirement

160

(1)

Warranties, Disclaimers, and Terms of Use

161

(5)

Other Terms of Use: PayPal, Inc.'s User Agreement

163

(2)

Disputing the Terms of Use: Comb v. PayPal

165

(1)

The Developing Uniform E-Commerce Law: UCITA and UETA

166

(5)

History and Development

166

(1)

UCITA: A Controversial Measure

167

(1)

UCITA: Key Provisions

168

(2)

The UETA

170

(1)

Electronic Signatures

171

(2)

Current Electronic Signature Legislation: E-Sign

172

(1)

Software Licensing

173

(3)

Key Terms/Components of a Software Licensing Agreement

174

(2)

Click-Wrap, Shrink-Wrap, and Browse-Wrap Agreements

176

(1)

ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg

177

(2)

Specht v. Netscape Communications Corp.

179

(3)

E-Commerce and Insurance: Insuring Online Contracting Risk

182

(1)

State Auto Property & Casualty Insurance Company v. Midwest Computers & More

183

(1)

American Guarantee & Liability Insurance Company v. Ingram Micro, Inc.

184

(3)

International Aspects of Electronic Contracting

187

(1)

UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

187

(1)

UNCITRAL Model Law on E-Commerce

187

(1)

EU Directive Concerning E-Commerce

188

(1)

Summary

188

(1)

Key Terms

189

(1)

Manager's Checklist

189

(1)

Case Problems

190

(2)

Additional Readings

192

(1)

Sales Tax in E-Commerce

193

(26)

Introduction

194

(4)

Taxation in Cyberspace

195

(1)

State Tax Jurisdiction Under the U.S. Constitution

195

(1)

Mail-Order Transactions

196

(2)

National Bellas Hess, Inc. v. Dept. of Rev. of the State of Illinois

198

(3)

Quill Corp. v. North Dakota

201

(6)

Physical Presence Nexus Test for E-Commerce

204

(2)

Internet Tax Freedom Act of 1998

206

(1)

Sales Tax and the Dormant Commerce Clause

207

(1)

A New Sales Tax System: The Streamline Sales Tax Project (SSTP)

207

(4)

Sales Tax Simplification Under the SSTP

209

(2)

Streamline Sales Tax Pilot: Sales Tax Compliance by an Outside Certified Service Provider (CSP)

211

(1)

Internet Tax Moratorium and Equity Act

211

(1)

International Internet Taxation

211

(4)

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development Initiatives

211

(2)

National Initiatives Defining Permanent Establishment

213

(1)

European Union Value-Added Tax on Internet Sales

214

(1)

Summary

215

(1)

Key Terms

215

(1)

Manager's Checklist

215

(1)

Case Problems

216

(2)

Additional Readings

218

(1)

Online Securities Offerings and Transactions

219

(38)

Introduction

219

(1)

Raising Capital: Online Securities Offerings

220

(2)

What Is a Security?

220

(2)

Securities and Exchange Commission v. SG Ltd.

222

(4)

The Securities Laws: Governing the Issuance, Administration, and Transactions in Securities

224

(2)

Securities and Exchange Commission v. Abacus International Holdings Corp.

226

(2)

Haack v. Max Internet Communications, Inc.

228

(9)

Exemptions from These Laws: Small Business/Small Offering Exemption from Registration and Reporting Requirements

231

(1)

The Process of Conducting a Securities Offering

232

(5)

Hart v. Internet Wire, Inc. & Bloomberg L.P.

237

(2)

Online Transactions in Securities

239

(3)

Security Vulnerabilities

239

(1)

Quality Vulnerabilities

240

(1)

Enforcement Issues

241

(1)

International Aspects of Online Securities Offerings

242

(2)

Regulation of the International Movement of Capital

242

(1)

International Cooperation and Securities Law Enforcement

243

(1)

International Securities Fraud

244

(1)

Securities and Exchange Commission v. Gold-Ventures Club

244

(5)

Investments in Offshore Securities and the Internet: Regulation S

247

(1)

International Internet Securities Offerings and ``Blue Sky'' Laws

248

(1)

Summary

249

(1)

Key Terms

249

(1)

Manager's Checklist

249

(1)

Case Problems

250

(2)

Additional Readings

252

(5)

Part 4 Special Issues in Cyberspace

Privacy

257

(54)

Introduction

257

(1)

Sources of the Right to Privacy

258

(2)

U.S. Constitution

258

(2)

State Constitutions

260

(1)

Attorney-Client Privilege and the Use of E-Mail

260

(1)

Common Law Torts for Invasion of Privacy

260

(1)

Intrusion upon Seclusion

261

(1)

Katz v. United States

261

(6)

Privacy in the Use of Cellular Phones

265

(1)

Public Disclosure of Private Facts Causing Injury to Reputation

265

(1)

Publicity Placing Another in a False Light

266

(1)

Misappropriation of a Person's Name or Likeness Causing Injury to Reputation

266

(1)

Federal Privacy Laws

267

(3)

Privacy Protection Act (PPA)

268

(1)

Privacy Act of 1974

268

(1)

Cable Communications Protection Act (CCPA)

269

(1)

Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA)

270

(1)

Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA)

270

(1)

Federal Legislation: Credit and Financial Records

270

(1)

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) of 1970

270

(1)

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFFA) of 1986

271

(1)

Federal Legislation: Privacy in Personal Financial Information

271

(3)

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999

272

(1)

Notice and Consent Requirements: Nonaffiliates

273

(1)

Identity Theft

273

(1)

Pretexting

274

(1)

Federal Legislation: Privacy in Health and Medical Records

274

(1)

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996

274

(1)

Privacy Protection for Children from the Collection of Online Personal Information

275

(6)

The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA)

275

(1)

COPPA: Safe Harbor

276

(1)

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) of 1986

276

(4)

Carnivore

280

(1)

In Re DoubleClick Inc., Privacy Litigation

281

(3)

Title III: The Pen Register Act

284

(1)

Privacy and Spam (``Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail'')

284

(4)

Is Self-Regulation Working?

286

(2)

Cyber Promotions, Inc., v. America Online, Inc.

288

(2)

CompuServe, Inc., v. Cyber Promotions

290

(2)

Workplace Privacy

292

(2)

How Common Is the Problem of Employee Inappropriate Computer Use?

293

(1)

Michael A. Smyth v. Pillsbury Company

294

(3)

Impact of the ECPA on Workplace Privacy

297

(1)

Robert Konop v. Hawaiian Airlines

297

(2)

Conclusion

299

(2)

Global Issues of Privacy in Cyberspace

301

(5)

European Union Directive on Privacy Protection

301

(1)

The United States/European Union Safe Harbor Agreement

302

(2)

Other National Efforts at Regulating Internet Data Privacy

304

(2)

Summary

306

(1)

Key Terms

306

(1)

Manager's Checklist

307

(1)

Case Problems

307

(2)

Additional Readings

309

(2)

Obscenity

311

(32)

Introduction

311

(1)

First Amendment Protection: Freedom of Expression

312

(1)

The Test for Obscenity

313

(1)

Miller v. California

313

(3)

Applying the Three-Prong Miller Test to Material Transmitted Online (Cyberporn)

315

(1)

United States v. Thomas

316

(3)

Proving the Case

319

(1)

Government Regulation of Cyberporn

319

(3)

Allowable Defenses

320

(1)

The CDA Under Constitutional Attack

321

(1)

U.S. v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.

322

(2)

Child Pornography

324

(4)

Federal Regulation of Child Pornography

324

(4)

Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union

328

(4)

Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) of 2000

331

(1)

State Regulation

331

(1)

The Consenting Adults Defense in Child Pornography

332

(1)

Osborne v. Ohio

332

(1)

Employees' Access to Adult-Oriented Web Sites

333

(1)

Urosky et al. v. Gilmore

334

(2)

International Regulation of Obscenity

336

(3)

The Act of State Doctrine and the Regulation of Obscene Transmissions

336

(1)

Obscenity as a Global Concept

337

(1)

Multilateral Treaties Regulating Obscenity

337

(1)

U.S. Views on the Importation and Exportation of Cyberporn

338

(1)

Other National Efforts to Regulate Internet Obscenity

338

(1)

Summary

339

(1)

Key Terms

339

(1)

Manager's Checklist

339

(1)

Case Problems

340

(1)

Additional Readings

341

(2)

Defamation

343

(24)

Introduction

343

(2)

The Tort of Defamation

345

(1)

Defamation in Cyberspace: Slander or Libel?

345

(3)

Elements of Proof Required for Defamation

345

(1)

Defenses to Defamation

346

(2)

Liability of Online and Internet Service Providers for Defamation

348

(1)

Immunity for Service Providers for Offensive Material

349

(1)

Zeran v. America Online, Inc.

350

(2)

Sidney Blumenthal v. Matt Drudge and America Online, Inc. (AOL)

352

(4)

Anonymous Speech and Defamation

356

(1)

SLAPP Suits

357

(1)

International Regulation of Online Defamation

358

(3)

International Efforts to Regulate Cyber-Defamation

358

(1)

Internet Service Providers and International Acts of Defamation

359

(1)

Defamation and the International Choice of Law

360

(1)

Ellis v. Time

361

(1)

Summary

362

(1)

Key Terms

363

(1)

Manager's Checklist

363

(1)

Case Problems

364

(2)

Additional Readings

366

(1)

Internet and Information Security

367

(38)

Introduction

367

(1)

The Challenges of Internet and Information Security

368

(1)

The Goals of Internet and Information Security

369

(9)

Methods and Legal Challenges to Ensuring Enterprise and Communications Security

371

(1)

Transactional Security Systems

372

(5)

First Amendment

377

(1)

Universal City Studios, Inc., Paramount Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Tristar Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Time Warner Entertainment, Disney Enterprises, Twentieth Century Fox v. Corley

378

(4)

Regulating the Export of Cryptography Products

381

(1)

Junger v. Daley

382

(2)

Bernstein v. U.S. Department of Commerce

384

(3)

Judicial Opinion

385

(1)

Fourth Amendment

385

(2)

Kyllo v. United States

387

(5)

United States v. Scarfo

392

(3)

Fifth Amendment

395

(1)

Karn v. Department of State

395

(2)

International Aspects of Internet and Information Security

397

(4)

Global Network and Information Security

397

(1)

Encryption and Cryptography Systems

398

(3)

Summary

401

(1)

Key Terms

401

(1)

Manager's Checklist

402

(1)

Case Problems

402

(2)

Additional Readings

404

(1)

Internet and Computer Crime

405

(40)

Introduction

405

(1)

The Nature of Computer Crime

406

(4)

What Are Computer and Internet Crimes?

407

(1)

The Impact on Law Enforcement

408

(2)

The E-Commerce Risks

410

(1)

The Role of Computers in Crime: Crimes and Perpetrators

410

(1)

How Computers Are Used in the Commission of Crimes

410

(1)

Crimes Being Committed in Today's Networked Environment

411

(1)

Crimes Against Persons or Businesses

412

(1)

United States v. Sample

412

(5)

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition

417

(5)

Crimes Against Property

421

(1)

United States v. Morris

422

(1)

United States v. Czubinski

423

(4)

Crimes Against Intellectual Property

426

(1)

United States v. Rothberg

427

(8)

Other Federal Laws Invoked in Internet and Computer Crime Prosecutions

431

(2)

Crimes Against Government or Government Functions

433

(2)

Corporate Forensics and the Impact of the Internet: Gathering and Preserving Evidence

435

(2)

International Aspects of Internet Crime

437

(4)

Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime

438

(1)

European Commission Communication on Computer-Related Crime

439

(1)

Successful International Cooperation Combating Cybercrime: The Bloomberg Example

440

(1)

Summary

441

(1)

Key Terms

442

(1)

Manager's Checklist

442

(1)

Case Problems

443

(1)

Additional Readings

444

(1)

Appendices

445

(60)

Glossary

505

(8)

Index

513

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CyberLaw Text and Cases

CyberLaw Text and Cases

9780324164886

0324164882

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

CyberLaw Text and Cases

CyberLaw Text and Cases

9780324164886

0324164882

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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