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Criminology Theories, Patterns, and Typologies

by: Siegel, Larry J.

Criminology Theories, Patterns, and Typologies

by: Siegel, Larry J.

ISBN 13:
9780495005728
ISBN 10:
049500572X
Edition: 9th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 02/27/2006
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

See how criminology relates to criminal justice policy with CRIMINOLOGY: THEORIES, PATTERNS AND TYPOLOGIES! With an in-depth analysis of all areas of criminological theory and crime typologies, this up-to-date criminal justice text provides you with the tools you need to succeed. Studying is made easy with, chapter objectives, end-of-chapter reviews, key concepts, concepts summary tables, and newsworthy examples that help you see how what you are learning applies in the real world.

Preface

xiii

PART ONE CONCEPTS OF CRIME, LAW, AND CRIMINOLOGY

(92)

Crime and Criminology

(26)

What Is Criminology?

(2)

Criminology and Criminal Justice

(1)

Criminology and Deviance

(1)

Becoming Deviant

(1)

A Brief History of Criminology

(5)

Classical Criminology

(1)

Nineteenth-Century Positivism

(2)

The Foundations of Sociological Criminology

(1)

The Development of Sociological Criminology

(1)

The Development of Social Process Theories

(1)

The Roots of Conflict Criminology

(1)

Contemporary Criminology

(1)

What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise

(3)

Criminal Statistics

(1)

The Sociology of Law

(1)

Theory Construction

(1)

Criminal Behavior Systems

(1)

Penology

(1)

Victimology

(1)

Comparative Criminology: International Crime Trends

(1)

How Criminologists View Crime

(4)

The Consensus View of Crime

(1)

The Conflict View of Crime

(1)

The Interactionist View of Crime

(2)

Defining Crime

(1)

Crime and the Criminal Law

(3)

Common Law

(1)

Contemporary Criminal Law

(1)

The Evolution of Criminal Law

(1)

Ethical Issues in Criminology

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: The Elements of Criminal Law

(2)

Summary

(1)

ThomsonNOW

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

(1)

Book Companion Website

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(1)

Notes

(2)

The Nature and Extent of Crime

(38)

Primary Sources of Crime Data

(6)

Official Record Research

(3)

Survey Research

(2)

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

(1)

Evaluating Primary Crime Data Sources

(1)

Secondary Sources of Crime Data

(2)

Cohort Research

(1)

Experimental Research

(1)

Observational and Interview Research

(1)

Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

(1)

Data Mining

(1)

Crime Mapping

(1)

Crime Trends

(2)

Trends in Violent Crime

(1)

Trends in Property Crime

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Explaining Crime Trends

(4)

Trends in Victimization Data (NCVS Findings)

(1)

Trends in Self-Reporting

(1)

What the Future Holds

(1)

Crime Patterns

(3)

The Ecology of Crime

(2)

Use of Firearms

(1)

Social Class, Socioeconomic Conditions, and Crime

(1)

Policy and Practice in Criminology: Should Guns Be Controlled?

(10)

Age and Crime

(1)

Gender and Crime

(2)

Race and Crime

(2)

Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers

(2)

Summary

(1)

ThomsonNOW

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

(1)

Book Companion Website

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(1)

Notes

(6)

Victims and Victimization

(27)

Problems of Crime Victims

(2)

Economic Loss

(1)

System Abuse

(1)

Long-Term Stress

(1)

Fear

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Adolescent Victims of Violence

(1)

Antisocial Behavior

(1)

The Nature of Victimization

(4)

The Social Ecology of Victimization

(1)

The Victim's Household

(1)

Victim Characteristics

(2)

Victims and Their Criminals

(1)

Theories of Victimization

(1)

Victim Precipitation Theory

(1)

Lifestyle Theory

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Rape on Campus: Lifestyle and Risk

(4)

Deviant Place Theory

(1)

Routine Activities Theory

(2)

The Criminological Enterprise: Crime and Everyday Life

(1)

Caring for the Victim

(3)

The Government's Response

(1)

Victim Service Programs

(1)

Victims' Rights

(1)

Comparative Criminology: Victims' Rights in Europe

(2)

Victim Advocacy

(1)

Self-Protection

(1)

Community Organization

(1)

Summary

(1)

ThomsonNOW

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

(1)

Book Companion Website

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(1)

Notes

(5)

PART TWO THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION

(224)

Choice Theories

(36)

The Development of Rational Choice Theory

(2)

The Classical Theory of Crime

(1)

Choice Theory Emerges

(1)

The Concepts of Rational Choice

(4)

Offense- and Offender-Specific Crimes

(1)

Structuring Criminality

(1)

Structuring Crime

100

(2)

Is Crime Rational?

102

(1)

Is Theft Rational?

102

(1)

Is Drug Use Rational?

102

(1)

Is Violence Rational?

102

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Hector Vega: A Life in the Drug Trade

103

(2)

Eliminating Crime

105

(4)

Situational Crime Prevention

105

(4)

Comparative Criminology: CCTV or Not CCTV? Comparing Situational Crime Prevention Efforts in Great Britain and the United States

109

(5)

General Deterrence

110

(4)

The Criminological Enterprise: Does Capital Punishment Deter Murder?

114

(2)

Specific Deterrence

114

(2)

Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Deterring Domestic Violence

116

(4)

Incapacitation

118

(2)

Public Policy Implications of Choice Theory

120

(2)

Just Desert

120

(2)

Summary

122

(1)

ThomsonNOW

122

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

122

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

123

(1)

Book Companion Website

123

(1)

Key Terms

123

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

123

(1)

Notes

124

(6)

Trait Theories

130

(44)

Foundations of Trait Theory

132

(2)

Impact of Sociobiology

132

(1)

Modern Trait Theories

133

(1)

Biosocial Trait Theories

134

(2)

Biochemical Conditions and Crime

135

(1)

Comparative Criminology: Diet and Crime: An International Perspective

136

(12)

Neurophysiological Conditions and Crime

140

(2)

Arousal Theory

142

(1)

Genetics and Crime

143

(3)

Evolutionary Theory

146

(1)

Evaluation of the Biosocial Branch of Trait Theory

147

(1)

Psychological Trait Theories

148

(6)

Psychodynamic Theory

149

(3)

Behavioral Theory

152

(1)

Cognitive Theory

153

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: The Media and Violence

154

(3)

Psychological Traits and Characteristics

157

(3)

Personality and Crime

157

(2)

Intelligence and Crime

159

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: The Antisocial Personality

160

(3)

Public Policy Implications of Trait Theory

163

(1)

Summary

164

(1)

ThomsonNOW

164

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

164

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

165

(1)

Book Companion Website

165

(1)

Key Terms

165

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

166

(1)

Notes

166

(8)

Social Structure Theories

174

(38)

Socioeconomic Structure and Crime

176

(3)

Child Poverty

177

(1)

The Underclass

178

(1)

Minority Group Poverty

178

(1)

Social Structure Theories

179

(1)

Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Bridging the Racial Divide

180

(1)

Social Disorganization Theories

180

(6)

Foundations of Social Disorganization Theory

182

(2)

The Social Ecology School

184

(2)

The Criminological Enterprise: Random Family

186

(4)

Strain Theories

190

(8)

The Concept of Anomie

191

(1)

Merton's Theory of Anomie

192

(1)

Structural Level Strain: Institutional Anomie Theory

193

(1)

Individual Level Strain: General Strain Theory

194

(2)

Sources of Strain

196

(1)

Coping with Strain

197

(1)

Evaluating GST

197

(1)

Cultural Deviance Theories

198

(3)

Conduct Norms

198

(1)

Focal Concerns

199

(1)

Theory of Delinquent Subcultures

199

(2)

Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: The Code of the Streets

201

(2)

Theory of Differential Opportunity

202

(1)

Evaluating Social Structure Theories

203

(1)

Public Policy Implications of Social Structure Theory

204

(1)

Summary

205

(1)

ThomsonNOW

205

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

205

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

206

(1)

Book Companion Website

206

(1)

Key Terms

206

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

206

(1)

Notes

207

(5)

Social Process Theories

212

(38)

Socialization and Crime

214

(4)

Family Relations

214

(2)

Educational Experience

216

(1)

Peer Relations

217

(1)

Policy and Practice in Criminology: Keeping Kids in School: The Communities in Schools Program

218

(3)

Institutional Involvement and Belief

220

(1)

The Effects of Socialization on Crime

221

(1)

Social Learning Theory

221

(7)

Differential Association Theory

222

(3)

Differential Reinforcement Theory

225

(1)

Neutralization Theory

226

(2)

Are Learning Theories Valid?

228

(1)

Social Control Theory

228

(4)

Self-Concept and Crime

228

(1)

Hirschi's Social Bond Theory

229

(3)

Social Reaction Theory

232

(6)

Crime and Labeling Theory

234

(1)

Differential Enforcement

234

(1)

Becoming Labeled

234

(19)

Consequences of Labeling

253

Primary and Secondary Deviance

236

(1)

Research on Social Reaction Theory

236

(1)

Is Labeling Theory Valid?

237

(1)

Evaluating Social Process Theories

238

(1)

Public Policy Implications of Social Process Theory

238

(2)

Policy and Practice in Criminology: Head Start

240

(2)

Summary

242

(1)

ThomsonNOW

243

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

243

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

243

(1)

Book Companion Website

243

(1)

Key Terms

243

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

244

(1)

Notes

244

(6)

Social Conflict Theories: Critical Criminology and Restorative Justice

250

(32)

Marxist Thought

253

(3)

Productive Forces and Productive Relations

253

(1)

Surplus Value

254

(1)

Marx on Crime

255

(1)

Developing a Conflict-Based Theory of Crime

256

(1)

The Contribution of Willem Bonger

256

(1)

The Contribution of Ralf Dahrendorf

256

(1)

The Contribution of George Vold

257

(1)

Social Conflict Theory

257

(2)

Social Conflict Research

258

(1)

Critical Criminology

259

(4)

Fundamentals of Critical Criminology

260

(1)

Instrumental versus Structural Theory

261

(1)

Research on Critical Criminology

262

(1)

Critique of Critical Criminology

263

(1)

Contemporary Forms of Critical Theory

263

(4)

Left Realism

264

(1)

Critical Feminist Theory

264

(2)

Power-Control Theory

266

(1)

Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Capitalism and Patriarchy

267

(2)

Postmodern Theory

268

(1)

Peacemaking Theory

268

(1)

Public Policy Implications of Social Conflict Theory: Restorative Justice

269

(5)

Reintegrative Shaming

270

(1)

The Concept of Restorative Justice

270

(1)

The Process of Restoration

271

(2)

The Challenge of Restorative Justice

273

(1)

Comparative Criminology: Practicing Restorative Justice Abroad

274

(1)

Summary

275

(1)

ThomsonNOW

276

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

276

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

277

(1)

Book Companion Website

277

(1)

Key Terms

277

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

277

(1)

Notes

277

(5)

Developmental Theories: Life Course and Latent Trait

282

(35)

Foundations of Developmental Theory

284

(2)

Life Course Fundamentals

286

(4)

Problem Behavior Syndrome

287

(1)

Pathways to Crime

287

(2)

Age of Onset/Continuity of Crime

289

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Desisting from Crime

290

(2)

Adolescent-Limiteds and Life Course Persisters

290

(2)

Theories of the Criminal Life Course

292

(4)

Sampson and Laub: Age-Graded Theory

293

(3)

Latent Trait Fundamentals

296

(2)

Crime and Human Nature

297

(1)

General Theory of Crime

297

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives

298

(7)

Evaluating Developmental Theories

305

(2)

Policy and Practice in Criminology: The Fast Track Project

307

(1)

Public Policy Implications of Developmental Theory

307

(2)

Summary

309

(1)

ThomsonNOW

309

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

309

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

310

(1)

Book Companion Website

310

(1)

Key Terms

310

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

310

(1)

Notes

311

(6)

PART THREE CRIME TYPOLOGIES

317

(183)

Violent Crime

318

(48)

The Causes of Violence

320

(4)

Psychological Abnormality

320

(1)

Evolutionary Factors/Human Instinct

321

(1)

Substance Abuse

321

(1)

Socialization and Upbringing

321

(2)

Exposure to Violence

323

(1)

Cultural Values/Subculture of Violence

323

(1)

Forcible Rape

324

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Violent Land

325

(6)

History of Rape

326

(1)

Rape and the Military

326

(1)

Incidence of Rape

326

(1)

Types of Rape and Rapists

327

(2)

The Causes of Rape

329

(1)

Rape and the Law

330

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Masculinity and Sexual Violence among the Urban Poor

331

(1)

Murder and Homicide

332

(6)

Degrees of Murder

333

(1)

The Nature and Extent of Murder

333

(1)

Murderous Relations

334

(2)

Serial Murder

336

(1)

Mass Murder

337

(1)

Assault and Battery

338

(3)

The Nature and Extent of Assault

338

(1)

Assault in the Home

339

(2)

Robbery

341

(2)

Acquaintance Robbery

342

(1)

Rational Robbery

343

(1)

Emerging Forms of Interpersonal Violence

343

(1)

Hate Crimes

343

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Armed Robbers in Action

344

(5)

Workplace Violence

347

(1)

Stalking

348

(1)

Terrorism

349

(3)

What Is Terrorism?

349

(1)

A Brief History of Terrorism

349

(1)

Contemporary Forms of Terrorism

350

(2)

Comparative Criminology: Transnational Terrorism in the New Millennium

352

(4)

What Motivates Terrorists?

353

(1)

Responses to Terrorism

354

(2)

Summary

356

(1)

ThomsonNOW

356

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

357

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

357

(1)

Book Companion Website

357

(1)

Key Terms

357

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

358

(1)

Notes

358

(8)

Property Crime

366

(28)

A Brief History of Theft

368

(1)

Modern Thieves

369

(3)

Occasional Criminals

369

(1)

Professional Criminals

370

(1)

Sutherland's Professional Criminal

371

(1)

The Professional Fence

371

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Transforming Theft: Train Robbers and Safecrackers

372

(2)

The Nonprofessional Fence

373

(1)

Larceny/Theft

374

(4)

Larceny Today

374

(1)

Shoplifting

375

(1)

Bad Checks

376

(1)

Credit Card Theft

377

(1)

Auto Theft

377

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Credit Card Fraud

378

(4)

False Pretenses or Fraud

380

(1)

Confidence Games

381

(1)

Embezzlement

382

(1)

Burglary

382

(2)

The Nature and Extent of Burglary

382

(1)

Residential Burglary

383

(1)

Commercial Burglary

383

(1)

Race, Culture, Gender, and Criminology: Are There Gender Differences in Burglary?

384

(2)

Careers in Burglary

385

(1)

Arson

386

(2)

The Criminological Enterprise: What Motivates Juvenile Fire Setters?

388

(1)

Summary

389

(1)

ThomsonNOW

389

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

389

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

390

(1)

Book Companion Website

390

(1)

Key Terms

390

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

391

(1)

Notes

391

(3)

Enterprise Crime: White-Collar and Organized Crime

394

(30)

Enterprise Crime

396

(1)

Crimes of Business Enterprise

396

(1)

White-Collar Crime

396

(1)

Redefining White-Collar Crime

396

(1)

Components of White-Collar Crime

397

(5)

Stings and Swindles

397

(1)

Chiseling

398

(1)

Individual Exploitation of an Institutional Position

399

(1)

Influence Peddling and Bribery

400

(1)

Embezzlement and Employee Fraud

401

(1)

The Criminological Enterprise: Tyco, Enron, and WorldCom: Enterprise Crime at the Highest Levels

402

(6)

Client Fraud

404

(1)

Corporate Crime

405

(3)

Causes of White-Collar Crime

408

(1)

Greedy or Needy?

408

(1)

Theories of White-Collar Crime

408

(1)

Rationalization/Neutralization View

408

(1)

Comparative Criminology: Snakes and Ladders: Confronting White-Collar Crime in Britain

409

(1)

Corporate Culture View

410

(1)

Self-Control View

410

(1)

White-Collar Law Enforcement Systems

410

(3)

Controlling White-Collar Crime

411

(1)

Is the Tide Turning?

412

(1)

Organized Crime

413

(3)

Characteristics of Organized Crime

413

(1)

Activities of Organized Crime

413

(1)

The Concept of Organized Crime

414

(1)

Alien Conspiracy Theory

414

(1)

Contemporary Organized Crime Groups

415

(1)

The Evolution of Organized Crime

415

(1)

Comparative Criminology: Russian Organized Crime

416

(2)

Controlling Organized Crime

416

(1)

The Future of Organized Crime

417

(1)

Summary

418

(1)

ThomsonNOW

419

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

419

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

420

(1)

Book Companion Website

420

(1)

Key Terms

420

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

420

(1)

Notes

420

(4)

Public Order Crime

424

(42)

Law and Morality

426

(3)

Debating Morality

426

(2)

Social Harm

428

(1)

Moral Crusaders

428

(1)

Homosexuality

429

(1)

Attitudes toward Homosexuality

429

(1)

Homosexuality and the Law

430

(1)

Is the Tide Turning?

430

(1)

Paraphilias

430

(1)

Prostitution

431

(1)

Comparative Criminology: The Natasha Trade: International Trafficking in Prostitution

432

(5)

Incidence of Prostitution

432

(1)

International Sex Trade

432

(1)

Types of Prostitutes

433

(2)

Becoming a Prostitute

435

(1)

Controlling Prostitution

436

(1)

Legalize Prostitution?

436

(1)

Pornography

437

(3)

Child Pornography

437

(1)

Does Pornography Cause Violence?

438

(1)

Pornography and the Law

438

(1)

Controlling Pornography

439

(1)

Technological Change

439

(1)

Substance Abuse

440

(14)

When Did Drug Use Begin?

441

(1)

Alcohol and Its Prohibition

441

(1)

The Extent of Substance Abuse

441

(4)

AIDS and Drug Use

445

(1)

What Causes Substance Abuse?

446

(1)

Is There a Drug Gateway?

447

(1)

Types of Drug Users

447

(2)

Drugs and Crime

449

(1)

Drugs and the Law

450

(1)

Drug Control Strategies

451

(3)

Policy and Practice in Criminology: Drug Abuse Resistance Education

454

(3)

Drug Legalization

456

(1)

Summary

457

(1)

ThomsonNOW

457

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

457

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

458

(1)

Book Companion Website

458

(1)

Key Terms

458

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

459

(1)

Notes

459

(7)

Cyber Crime and Technology

466

(34)

Cyber Theft: Cyber Crimes for Profit

468

(6)

Computer Fraud

468

(1)

Distributing Illegal Sexual Material

469

(1)

Denial of Service Attack

470

(1)

Illegal Copyright Infringement

471

(1)

Internet Securities Fraud

472

(1)

Identity Theft

473

(1)

E-Tailing Fraud

474

(1)

Cyber Vandalism: Cyber Crime with Malicious Intent

474

(4)

Worms, Viruses, Trojan Horses, Logic Bombs, and Spam

475

(1)

Web Defacement

476

(1)

Cyber Stalking

477

(1)

Cyber Spying

477

(1)

Cyber Terrorism: Cyber Crime with Political Motives

478

(2)

Why Terrorism in Cyber Space?

478

(1)

Cyber Attacks

478

(1)

Is Cyber Terrorism a Real Threat?

479

(1)

The Extent and Costs of Cyber Crime

480

(1)

Controlling Cyber Crime

481

(1)

Cyber Crime Enforcement Agencies

482

(1)

Local Enforcement Efforts

482

(1)

Controlling Crime Using Information Technology

482

(4)

Law Enforcement Technology

482

(4)

Policy and Practice in Criminology: Crime Scene Investigation Goes High Tech

486

(2)

Policy and Practice in Criminology: Biometric Technology

488

(4)

Court Technology

489

(2)

Corrections Technology

491

(1)

Information Technology, Crime, and Civil Liberties

492

(2)

Summary

494

(1)

ThomsonNOW

495

(1)

Thinking Like a Criminologist

495

(1)

Doing Research on the Web

495

(1)

Book Companion Website

495

(1)

Key Terms

495

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

496

(1)

Notes

496

(4)

Glossary

500

(12)

Case Index

512

(1)

Name Index

513

(23)

Subject Index

536

(20)

Photo Credits

556

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Criminology Theories, Patterns, and Typologies

Criminology Theories, Patterns, and Typologies

9780495005728

049500572X

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Table of Contents

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Criminology Theories, Patterns, and Typologies

Criminology Theories, Patterns, and Typologies

9780495005728

049500572X

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