9780205592692

Presents a new research-based model The Common Factors Model for generalist social work practice. The Common Factors Model for Generalist Practicepresents critical practice conditions and processes that research has suggested produce the most effective outcomes. These practice conditions include attributes of the social worker, clients, working relationships, supporting networks that influence and enable work, and the essential strategies social workers and clients engage in to facilitate change. Part of the Connecting Core Competencies Series, the text guides students to use the common factors model for practice thinking, decision making, and evaluation. Upon completing this book readers will be able to: Use the common factors model to think about generalist practice Understand how to apply the common factors model Discuss challenges to using the common factors model Consider how their personal values, knowledge, and tendencies support or inhibit practice Note:MySearchLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MySearchLab, please visit:www.mysearchlab.comor you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySearchLab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 020519611X / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205196111.

Mark Cameron is an associate professor at Southern Connecticut State University. He holds an MSSW and PhD from the Columbia University School of Social Work. He teaches generalist practice and his scholarship has been in the areas of community violence, school discipline, social work practice education, and the common factors approach.

Found in this Section:

1. Brief Table of Contents

2. Full Table of Contents

1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction: What is Social Work Practice?

What is Social Work Practice?

What Students Bring to Learning Practice

Learning Practice

Learning with this Book

Chapter 1: What are Problems?

Chapter 2: What Changes? How Does it Happen?

Chapter 3: The Common Factors Model

Chapter 4: Social Worker Factors and Relational Fitness

Chapter 5: Social Network Factors: Values and Ethics, Knowledge, Funding, Policies, Procedures, and Practice Guidelines

Chapter 6: Client and Client Social Network Factors: Individuals, Families, Groups, and Social Support

Chapter 7: Relationship Factors and Engagement Processes

Chapter 8: Facilitation Method: Overview, Listening, and Reflecting

Chapter 9: Strategies and Skills

Chapter 10: Evaluation

Chapter 11: Assessing and Contracting: Problems, Contributing Factors, and Common Factors Conditions

Chapter 12: Change Work Activities: Establishing or Enhancing Motivation to Participate

Chapter 13: Change Work Activities: Establishing or Enhancing Abilities, Resources, and Relationship Processes

Chapter 14: Change Work Activities: New Experiences, Practice, Integration, and Practice Challenges

Chapter 15: Facilitating Group Processes and Supportive Organization Factors

Appendix A Six Practice Illustrations

Appendix B Preferred Ways of Relating Assessment

References

Index

2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction: What is Social Work Practice?

What is Social Work Practice?

Social Work Practice is Helping

Social Work Practice is Social

Social Work is about Change

Social Work Practice is a Science and an Art

Social Work Practice is Collaborative

Social Work Practice is Both an Organizational and a Professional Activity

Social Work Practice is You

What Students Bring to Learning Practice

Students Bring Who They Are

Students Bring Ways of Helping

Students Bring Strengths and Challenges

Students Bring a Sense of Professionalism

Students Bring Open-Mindedness and Convictions

Learning Practice

Mindfulness and Reflection

Tolerating Imperfection and Personal Development

Theory and Practice

Learning with this Book

Section One: Practice, Problems, and Change

Section Two: The Common Factors Model

Section Three: The Facilitation Method

Section Four: Using Common Factors in Action

Practice Illustrations

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 1: What are Problems?

Problems and Contributing Factors

Difficulties

Functioning

Seven Dimensions of Psychosocial Functioning

Scope of Problems

Contributing Factors

Ecological Levels of Contributing Factors

Unique Combinations of Difficulties

Defining and Explaining Problems

Changes with Time

Naming Problems is a Powerful Act

Different Contexts

Different Perspectives

Mutual Understanding

Restoring or Enhancing Functioning

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 2: What Changes? How Does it Happen?

The Focus of Change: Contributing Factors

Basic Principles about Stability and Change

Clients’ Ideas about Change

How Does Change Happen?

Motivation

Abilities and Resources

Experience Changes with the Problem

Practice and Integrate Changes

Unique Trajectories of Change

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 3: The Common Factors Model

What are Common Factors?

The Common Factors List

Social Network Factors

Social Worker Factors

Individual/Family/Group Factors

Relationship Factors

Practice Strategies

The Common Factors Model: An Ecology of Conditions and Processes

Participants and Activities

Participants

Activities

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 4: Social Worker Factors and Relational Fitness

Social Worker Factors

Well-Being

Acceptance

Genuineness

Empathy

Group Member Factors

Well-Being

Acceptance

Genuineness

Empathy

Relational Fitness: What Do I Need to Learn?

What Limits Relational Fitness

What Interpersonal Skills Do I Have?

What Do I Need to Do?

Relational Fitness Activities

Identify Your Preferred Ways of Relating with Others

Self Assessment

Emotions

Challenging Thoughts

Challenging Situations and Interactions

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 5: Social Network Factors: Values and Ethics, Knowledge, Funding, Policies, Procedures, and Practice Guidelines

Social Worker Social Network Factors

Social Networks Shape Social Workers’ Values

Values

People

Human Behavior Problems

Helping

Change

Knowledge

Introduction

Knowledge Defined

The Knowledge Base of Social Work

Knowledge and Emotion

Knowledge Use

Limitations of Human Cognition

Learning Knowledge for Practice

Being a Knowledgeable Social Worker

Funding, Policies, Procedures, and Practice Guidelines

Policies

Procedures

Practice Guidelines

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 6: Client and Client Social Network Factors: Individuals, Families, Groups, and Social Support

Introduction: Who are Clients?

Types of Groups: Internal Change and External Change

Internal Change Groups

External Change Groups: Advocacy Groups

Client Common Factors

Distress

Interaction of Problems and Distress

Hope or Expectation of Change

Views Social Work and Social Worker as Credible

Active Help-Seeking

Client Social Support Factors

Social Support

Definition

Nested Ecological Levels

Putting it Together: Mapping Contributing Factors and Social Supports

Social Supports View Services as Credible

Definition

Nested Ecological Levels

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 7: Relationship Factors and Engagement Processes

Working Relationship Factors

Five Working Relationship Processes

Working Relationship Processes Involve All Participants

Do We “Have” or “Do” Relationships?

Importance of Working Relationship Processes

Social Worker Actions are Relational

Developing New Capacities and Skills

Addressing Problems in Current or Past Relationships

Collaboration

Expressing Working Relationship Processes

Ecological Factors

Physical Expression of Relationship Processes

Engagement

Engagement in Relationship

Engagement is Both Expressed and Experienced

Helping Relationships

Common Challenges and Mistakes

Engaging with All Participants

Initial Engagement

Uniquely Express Interest

Begin to Get to Know Participants

Discuss Purpose and Nature of Participation in “Opening Lines”

Explore Problems, Contributing Factors, and Desired Goals

Obtaining Informed Consent

Ongoing Engagement and Disengagement Processes

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 8: Facilitation Method: Overview, Listening, and Reflecting

Introduction

The Facilitation Method: Promoting the Conditions and Processes of Change Work

“Facilitation” vs. “Treatment”

The Elements of the Facilitation Method

Social Work as Working on Common Factors

Practice as Guided Creativity

Equifinality: The Unique Approach of Each Practitioner

Genuineness: Practicing in Ways That Are Consonant with Who You Are

Ongoing Evaluation

Facilitation as the Foundation Method for All Practice Situations

Listening

Listening for Direct Communications

Listening for Indirect Communications

Listening for Three Kinds of Communications

Listening to Yourself: A Critical Process in Social Work Practice

Reflection: Wondering in Practice

Uncertainty

Equifinality as Uncertainty

Limits of Practice Theories

Limits of Conscious Awareness

Uncertainty as Opportunity

Using Reflection in Practice

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 9: Strategies and Skills

Introduction

Practice Strategies: Promoting Change Work

Rationale for Change

Modeling

Feedback

Ventilation

Exploration

Awareness and Insight

Emotional Learning

Interpersonal Learning

Knowledge

Information

Development and Practice of New Behaviors

Experiences of Success and Mastery

Reinforcement

Desensitization

Suggestions

Advocacy

Skills: Enacting Strategies

Demonstrating Care and Interest

Modeling

Asking Questions

Stating Observations

Self-Disclosure

Stating Perspectives

Silence

Skills and Indirect Communication: A Caveat

Strategizing: Promoting Experiences That Support Change Work

Creating Experiences

Strategizing about Skills

Guidelines for Selecting Skills

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 10: Evaluation

Introduction

Evaluating Your Work

Impact on Change Work

Impact on Common Factors

Formal Practice Evaluation

Evaluation at the Beginning of Work

When the Work Slows or Stops

Periodic Practice Evaluation

Termination

Client Satisfaction Surveys

Supervision, Consultation, and Self-Study

Deliberate Practice

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 11: Assessing and Contracting: Problems, Contributing Factors, and Common Factors Conditions

Assessment: A Human Process

Assessment Defined

Developing Understandings to Support Change Work

Mutual Understandings: Rationale for Change

Assessment and the Facilitation Method

Assessment and Change Work

Assessment is a Shared and Open Process

Assessment of New Information

Assessing Problems

Assessment Processes

Observation: Functional Assessment

Assessing in the Real World of Social Work Practice

Psychiatric Diagnosing vs. Assessing

Challenges in Assessment Thinking

Assessing Contributing Factors

Formulating Assessment Hypotheses

Assessing Common Factors

Goals

Contracting: Mutual Agreement on Problems, Roles, Tasks, and Goals

Initial Contracting: Addressing Common Factors Conditions

Contracting in Conferences and Team Meetings

Plans

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 12: Change Work Activities: Establishing or Enhancing Motivation to Participate

Introduction and Review: How Does Change Work Happen?

Engage in a Relationship with the Client and other Participants

Engage All Participants in Change Work

Assessing and Contracting

Use the Facilitation Method

Motivation to Participate in Change Work

When a person doesn’t see a need to do anything

When a person is not committed to do anything

When a person has not committed because of difficulty accepting or coping with life events

When a person does not perceive that the social worker and change work will be helpful

When a person thinks someone else needs to change

When a formal or informal social support doesn’t understand the significance of one’s participation

When a person lacks the desire to participate because he or she is overworked or overwhelmed with other responsibilities

When a social worker lacks the conditions of acceptance or empathy because others lack motivation

When the social worker and participants have different ideas about the problem, the goals, and/or how to work together

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 13: Change Work Activities: Establishing or Enhancing Abilities, Resources, and Relationship Processes

Establish or Enhance Abilities, Resources, and Relationship Processes

When to focus on changing social supports or material resources

When to focus on changing schemas, scripts, actions, or personal abilities

When to focus on multiple contributing factors

When the social worker is lacking supportive values or knowledge

When the social worker’s well-being is compromised

When the social worker is having difficulty acting in a genuine manner

When a social worker prematurely moves into action or tries to have the client feel better

When an individual or family member has significant problems in functioning

When a person disengages because of discouragement or frustration

When a person lacks a necessary ability or knowledge

When misunderstandings or conflicts affect collaboration

When participant schemas negatively affect communication or collaboration

When families and social supports have difficulty expressing care or respect

When a client is isolated and lacks emotional and/or instrumental support

When a client or social worker lacks information about available community resources

When a client has difficulty navigating agency policies, funding, and procedures

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 14: Change Work Activities: New Experiences, Practice, Integration, and Practice Challenges

Participants Experience Changes as Contrasts Between Old and New

Experiencing the community providing material resources

Experiencing another person expressing care or respect

Experiencing the ability to effectively do something

Changes are Strengthened through Practice and Integration

Practice

Integration

Unique Change Trajectories

Practice Challenges

When You Only Have One Meeting

Ending Work with Clients and Other Participants

Responding to Imminent Crises

Ethical Dilemmas

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Chapter 15: Facilitating Group Processes and Supportive Organization Factors

Group and Organization Practice

Facilitating Change-Producing Processes in Groups

Group Member Factors

Facilitating Supportive Organization Factors

Organizations

Organization Problems

Common Factors as Framework for Organization Practice

Social Workers’ Roles in Organizations: Colleague, Critical Actor, and Change Agent

Social Network Factors: Assessing Organization Problems

Supportive Funding, Policies, Procedures, and Practice Guidelines

Supportive Knowledge

Supportive Values

Facilitating Supportive Organization Factors

Social Worker Factors

Relationship Factors

Critical Actor Factors

Practice Strategies

Summary

Practice Test

MySearchLab Connections

Appendix A Six Practice Illustrations

Appendix B Preferred Ways of Relating Assessment

References

Index

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The Common Factors Model for Generalist Practice

The Common Factors Model for Generalist Practice

0205592694

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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