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Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle

by: Matthews, Gary G.

Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle

by: Matthews, Gary G.

ISBN 13: 9781405103305
ISBN 10: 1405103302
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 11/22/2002
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

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Summary

Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle offers a state of the art introduction to the basic physical, electrical, and chemical principles central to the function of nerve and muscle cells. The text begins with an overview of the origin of electrical membrane potential, then clearly illustrates the cellular physiology of nerve cells and muscle cells. Throughout, this new edition simplifies difficult concepts with accessible models and straightforward descriptions of experimental results.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I: Origin of Electrical Membrane Potential

(54)

Introduction to Electrical Signaling in the Nervous System

(6)

The Patellar Reflex as a Model for Neural Function

(1)

The Cellular Organization of Neurons

(1)

Electrical Signals in Neurons

(1)

Transmission between Neurons

(3)

Composition of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids

(8)

Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids

(1)

The Structure of the Plasma Membrane

(5)

Summary

(1)

Maintenance of Cell Volume

(9)

Molarity, Molality, and Diffusion of Water

(3)

Osmotic Balance and Cell Volume

(5)

Answers to the Problem of Osmotic Balance

(3)

Tonicity

(1)

Time-course of Volume Changes

(1)

Summary

(1)

Membrane Potential: Ionic Equilibrium

(14)

Diffusion Potential

(2)

Equilibrium Potential

(4)

The Nernst Equation

(2)

The Principle of Electrical Neutrality

(1)

The Cell Membrane as an Electrical Capacitor

(1)

Incorporating Osmotic Balance

(1)

Donnan Equilibrium

(2)

A Model Cell that Looks Like a Real Animal Cell

(2)

The Sodium Pump

(1)

Summary

(2)

Membrane Potential: Ionic Steady State

(15)

Equilibrium Potentials for Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride

(1)

Ion Channels in the Plasma Membrane

(1)

Membrane Potential and Ionic Permeability

(4)

The Goldman Equation

(2)

Ionic Steady State

(1)

The Chloride Pump

(1)

Electrical Current and the Movement of Ions Across Membranes

(2)

Factors Affecting Ion Current Across a Cell Membrane

(1)

Membrane Permeability vs. Membrane Conductance

(2)

Behavior of Single Ion Channels

(2)

Summary

(1)

Part II: Cellular Physiology of Nerve Cells

(106)

Generation of Nerve Action Potential

(28)

The Action Potential

(3)

Ionic Permeability and Membrane Potential

(1)

Measuring the Long-distance Signal in Neurons

(2)

Characteristics of the Action Potential

(1)

Initiation and Propagation of Action Potentials

(3)

Changes in Relative Sodium Permeability During an Action Potential

(8)

Voltage-dependent Sodium Channels of the Neuron Membrane

(2)

Repolarization

(3)

The Refractory Period

(2)

Propagation of an Action Potential Along a Nerve Fiber

(2)

Factors Affecting the Speed of Action Potential Propagation

(2)

Molecular Properties of the Voltage-sensitive Sodium Channel

(3)

Molecular Properties of Voltage-dependent Potassium Channels

(1)

Calcium-dependent Action Potentials

(5)

Summary

(2)

The Action Potential: Voltage-clamp Experiments

(25)

The Voltage Clamp

(9)

Measuring Changes in Membrane Ionic Conductance Using the Voltage Clamp

(3)

The Squid Giant Axon

(1)

Ionic Currents Across an Axon Membrane Under Voltage Clamp

(4)

The Gated Ion Channel Model

(14)

Membrane Potential and Peak Ionic Conductance

(3)

Kinetics of the Change in Ionic Conductance Following a Step Depolarization

(4)

Sodium Inactivation

101

(4)

The Temporal Behavior of Sodium and Potassium Conductance

105

(2)

Gating Currents

107

(1)

Summary

108

(2)

Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction

110

(20)

Chemical and Electrical Synapses

110

(1)

The Neuromuscular Junction as a Model Chemical Synapse

111

(4)

Transmission at a Chemical Synapse

111

(1)

Presynaptic Action Potential and Acetylcholine Release

111

(2)

Effect of Acetylcholine on the Muscle Cell

113

(2)

Neurotransmitter Release

115

(14)

The Vesicle Hypothesis of Quantal Transmitter Release

117

(4)

Mechanism of Vesicle Fusion

121

(2)

Recycling of Vesicle Membrane

123

(1)

Inactivation of Released Acetylcholine

124

(1)

Recording the Electrical Current Flowing Through a Single Acetylcholine-activated Ion Channel

124

(3)

Molecular Properties of the Acetylcholine-activated Channel

127

(2)

Summary

129

(1)

Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System

130

(31)

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

130

(1)

Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons

131

(6)

Temporal and Spatial Summation of Synaptic Potentials

131

(2)

Some Possible Excitatory Neurotransmitters

133

(3)

Conductance-decrease Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

136

(1)

Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission

137

(6)

The Synapse between Sensory Neurons and Antagonist Motor Neurons in the Patellar Reflex

137

(1)

Characteristics of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission

138

(1)

Mechanism of Inhibition in the Postsynaptic Membrane

139

(2)

Some Possible Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

141

(2)

The Family of Neurotransmitter-gated Ion Channels

143

(1)

Neuronal Integration

144

(2)

Indirect Actions of Neurotransmitters

146

(3)

Presynaptic Inhibition and Facilitation

149

(3)

Synaptic Plasticity

152

(6)

Short-term Changes in Synaptic Strength

152

(2)

Long-term Changes in Synaptic Strength

154

(4)

Summary

158

(3)

Part III: Cellular Physiology of Muscle Cells

161

(47)

Excitation--Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle

163

(14)

The Three Types of Muscle

163

(2)

Structure of Skeletal Muscle

165

(7)

Changes in Striation Pattern on Contraction

165

(2)

Molecular Composition of Filaments

167

(2)

Interaction between Myosin and Actin

169

(3)

Regulation of Contraction

172

(4)

The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

173

(1)

The Transverse Tubule System

174

(2)

Summary

176

(1)

Neural Control of Muscle Contraction

177

(11)

The Motor Unit

177

(1)

The Mechanics of Contraction

178

(4)

The Relationship Between Isometric Tension and Muscle Length

180

(2)

Control of Muscle Tension by the Nervous System

182

(5)

Recruitment of Motor Neurons

182

(2)

Fast and Slow Muscle Fibers

184

(1)

Temporal Summation of Contractions Within a Single Motor Unit

184

(1)

Asynchronous Activation of Motor Units During Maintained Contraction

185

(2)

Summary

187

(1)

Cardiac Muscle: The Autonomic Nervous System

188

(20)

Autonomic Control of the Heart

191

(15)

The Pattern of Cardiac Contraction

191

(2)

Coordination of Contraction Across Cardiac Muscle Fibers

193

(3)

Generation of Rhythmic Contractions

196

(1)

The Cardiac Action Potential

196

(3)

The Pacemaker Potential

199

(2)

Actions of Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine on Cardiac Muscle Cells

201

(5)

Summary

206

(2)

Appendix A: Derivation of the Nernst Equation

208

(4)

Appendix B: Derivation of the Goldman Equation

212

(4)

Appendix C: Electrical Properties of Cells

216

(9)

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Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle

Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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