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A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechancis, 3rd Edition

by: Donald F. Young ( ; ; Dept. of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics ); Bruce R. Munson ( ; ; Dept. of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics ); Theodore H. Okiishi ( ; Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, all of Iowa

A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechancis, 3rd Edition

ISBN 13:
9780471457572
ISBN 10:
0471457574
Edition: CD
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 08/01/2003
Publisher: WILEY

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Summary

Concise and focused-these are the two guiding principles of Young, Munson, and Okiishi's Third Edition of A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. The authors clearly present basic analysis techniques and address practical concerns and applications, such as pipe flow, open-channel flow, flow measurement, and drag and lift. Homework problems in every chapter-including open-ended problems, problems based on the CD-ROM videos, laboratory problems, and computer problems-emphasize the practical application of principles. More than 100 worked examples provide detailed solutions to a variety of problems. The Third Edition offers several new features and enhancements, including: A variety of new simple figures in the margins that will help you visualize the concepts described in the text. Chapter Summary and Study Guide sections at the end of each chapter that will help you assess your understanding of the material. Simplified presentation of the Reynolds transport theorem. New homework problems added to every chapter. Highlighted key works in each chapter. Experience fluid flow phenomena in action on a new CD-ROM! The Fluid Mechanics Phenomena CD-ROM packaged with this text presents: 75 short video segments that illustrate various aspects of fluid mechanics 30 extended laboratory-type problems Actual experimental data for simple experiments in an Excel format 168 review problems.

1 INTRODUCTION

(27)

1.1 Some Characteristics of Fluids

(1)

1.2 Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, and Units

(5)

1.2.1 Systems of Units

(2)

1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior

(1)

1.4 Measures of Fluid Mass and Weight

(2)

1.4.1 Density

(1)

1.4.2 Specific Weight

(1)

1.4.3 Specific Gravity

(1)

1.5 Ideal Gas Law

(2)

1.6 Viscosity

(5)

1.7 Compressibility of Fluids

(3)

1.7.1 Bulk Modulus

(1)

1.7.2 Compression and Expansion of Gases

(1)

1.7.3 Speed of Sound

(2)

1.8 Vapor Pressure

(1)

1.9 Surface Tension

(3)

1.10 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

(1)

Problems

(5)

2 FLUID STATICS

(41)

2.1 Pressure at a Point

(2)

2.2 Basic Equation for Pressure Field

(2)

2.3 Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

(3)

2.3.1 Incompressible Fluid

(3)

2.3.2 Compressible Fluid

(1)

2.4 Standard Atmosphere

(1)

2.5 Measurement of Pressure

(2)

2.6 Manometry

(5)

2.6.1 Piezometer Tube

(1)

2.6.2 U-Tube Manometer

(3)

2.6.3 Inclined-Tube Manometer

(1)

2.7 Mechanical and Electronic Pressure Measuring Devices

(1)

2.8 Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface

(5)

2.9 Pressure Prism

(3)

2.10 Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface

(2)

2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability

(3)

2.11.1 Archimedes' Principle

(2)

2.11.2 Stability

(1)

2.12 Pressure Variation in a Fluid with Rigid-Body Motion

(1)

2.13 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

(1)

References

(1)

Problems

(10)

3 ELEMENTARY FLUID DYNAMICS-THE BERNOULLI EQUATION

(39)

3.1 Newton's Second Law

(1)

3.2 F = ma Along a Streamline

(5)

3.3 F = ma Normal to a Streamline

(2)

3.4 Physical Interpretation

(3)

3.5 Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure

(3)

3.6 Examples of Use of the Bernoulli Equation

(12)

3.6.1 Free Jets

(1)

3.6.2 Confined Flows

(7)

3.6.3 Flowrate Measurement

(4)

3.7 The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Grade Line

(3)

3.8 Restrictions on the Use of the Bernoulli Equation

(1)

3.9 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

(1)

Problems

(9)

4 FLUID KINEMATICS

108

(26)

4.1 The Velocity Field

108

(9)

4.1.1 Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions

110

(1)

4.1.2 One-, Two-, and Three Dimensional Flows

111

(1)

4.1.3 Steady and Unsteady Flows

112

(1)

4.1.4 Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines

112

(5)

4.2 The Acceleration Field

117

(5)

4.2.1 The Material Derivative

117

(2)

4.2.2 Unsteady Effects

119

(1)

4.2.3 Convective Effects

120

(1)

4.2.4 Streamline Coordinates

121

(1)

4.3 Control Volume and System Representations

122

(1)

4.4 The Reynolds Transport Theorem

123

(5)

4.4.1 Derivation of the Reynolds Transport Theorem

124

(3)

4.4.2 Selection of a Control Volume

127

(1)

4.5 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

128

(1)

References

129

(1)

Problems

129

(5)

5 FINITE CONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS

134

(65)

5.1 Conservation of Mass-The Continuity Equation

134

(9)

5.1.1 Derivation of the Continuity Equation

134

(2)

5.1.2 Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

136

(5)

5.1.3 Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume

141

(2)

5.2 Newton's Second Law The Linear Momentum and Moment of-Momentum Equations

143

(25)

5.2.1 Derivation of the Linear Momentum Equation

143

(1)

5.2.2 Application of the Linear Momentum Equation

144

(14)

5.2.3 Derivation of the Moment-of Momentum Equation

158

(2)

5.2.4 Application of the Moment-of-Momentum Equation

160

(8)

5.3 First Law of Thermodynamics The Energy Equation

168

(16)

5.3.1 Derivation of the Energy Equation

168

(3)

5.3.2 Application of the Energy Equation

171

(3)

5.3.3 Comparison of the Energy Equation with the Bernoulli Equation

174

(7)

5.3.4 Application of the Energy Equation to Nonuniform Flows

181

(3)

5.4 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

184

(1)

Problems

185

(14)

6 DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW

199

(70)

6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics

200

(6)

6.1.1 Velocity and Acceleration Fields Revisited

200

(1)

6.1.2 Linear Motion and Deformation

201

(1)

6.1.3 Angular Motion and Deformation

202

(4)

6.2 Conservation of Mass

206

(7)

6.2.1 Differential Form of Continuity Equation

206

(2)

6.2.2 Cylindrical Polar Coordinates

208

(1)

6.2.3 The Stream Function

209

(4)

6.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum

213

(4)

6.3.1 Description of Forces Acting on Differential Element

214

(2)

6.3.2 Equations of Motion

216

(1)

6.4 Inviscid Flow

217

(9)

6.4.1 Euler's Equations of Motion

217

(1)

6.4.2 The Bernoulli Equation

218

(2)

6.4.3 Irrotational Flow

220

(1)

6.4.4 The Bernoulli Equation for Irrotational Flow

221

(1)

6.4.5 The Velocity Potential

221

(5)

6.5 Some Basic, Plane Potential Flows

226

(10)

6.5.1 Uniform Flow

227

(1)

6.5.2 Source and Sink

228

(2)

6.5.3 Vortex

230

(4)

6.5.4 Doublet

234

(2)

6.6 Superposition of Basic, Plane Potential Flows

236

(11)

6.6.1 Source in a Uniform Stream-Half-Body

236

(5)

6.6.2 Flow around a Circular Cylinder

241

(6)

6.7 Other Aspects of Potential Flow Analysis

247

(1)

6.8 Viscous Flow

247

(3)

6.8.1 Stress-Deformation Relationships

247

(2)

6.8.2 The Navier-Stokes Equations

249

(1)

6.9 Some Simple Solutions for Viscous, Incompressible Fluids

250

(8)

6.9.1 Steady, Laminar Flow between Fixed Parallel Plates

250

(3)

6.9.2 Couette Flow

253

(3)

6.9.3 Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

256

(2)

6.10 Other Aspects of Differential Analysis

258

(1)

6.11 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

259

(1)

References

260

(1)

Problems

260

(9)

7 SIMILITUDE, DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS, AND MODELING

269

(40)

7.1 Dimensional Analysis

269

(2)

7.2 Buckingham Pi Theorem

271

(1)

7.3 Determination of Pi Terms

272

(6)

7.4 Some Additional Comments about Dimensional Analysis

278

(2)

7.4.1 Selection of Variables

278

(1)

7.4.2 Determination of Reference Dimensions

279

(1)

7.4.3 Uniqueness of Pi Terms

279

(1)

7.5 Determination of Pi Terms by Inspection

280

(1)

7.6 Common Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics

281

(1)

7.7 Correlation of Experimental Data

282

(5)

7.7.1 Problems with One Pi Term

283

(1)

7.7.2 Problems with Two or More Pi Terms

284

(3)

7.8 Modeling and Similitude

287

(6)

7.8.1 Theory of Models

287

(4)

7.8.2 Model Scales

291

(1)

7.8.3 Distorted Models

292

(1)

7.9 Some Typical Model Studies

293

(7)

7.9.1 Flow through Closed Conduits

293

(2)

7.9.2 Flow around Immersed Bodies

295

(3)

7.9.3 Flow with a Free Surface

298

(2)

7.10 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

300

(1)

References

301

(1)

Problems

301

(8)

8 VISCOUS FLOW IN PIPES

309

(53)

8.1 General Characteristics of Pipe Flow

309

(4)

8.1.1 Laminar or Turbulent Flow

310

(2)

8.1.2 Entrance Region and Fully Developed Flow

312

(1)

8.2 Fully Developed Laminar Flow

313

(5)

8.2.1 From F = ma Applied to a Fluid Element

313

(5)

8.2.2 From the Navier-Stokes Equations

318

(1)

8.3 Fully Developed Turbulent Flow

318

(3)

8.3.1 Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow

318

(1)

8.3.2 Turbulent Shear Stress

319

(1)

8.3.3 Turbulent Velocity Profile

320

(1)

8.4 Dimensional Analysis of Pipe Flow

321

(15)

8.4.1 Major Losses

321

(5)

8.4.2 Minor Losses

326

(8)

8.4.3 Noncircular Conduits

334

(2)

8.5 Pipe Flow Examples

336

(11)

8.5.1 Single Pipes

336

(10)

8.5.2 Multiple Pipe Systems

346

(1)

8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement

347

(5)

8.7 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

352

(1)

References

352

(1)

Problems

353

(9)

9 FLOW OVER IMMERSED BODIES

362

(55)

9.1 General External Flow Characteristics

362

(8)

9.1.1 Lift and Drag Concepts

363

(4)

9.1.2 Characteristics of Flow Past an Object

367

(3)

9.2 Boundary Layer Characteristics

370

(15)

9.2.1 Boundary Layer Structure and Thickness on a Flat Plate

370

(2)

9.2.2 Prandtl/Blasius Boundary Layer Solution

372

(1)

9.2.3 Momentum Integral Boundary Layer Equation for a Flat Plate

373

(4)

9.2.4 Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow

377

(2)

9.2.5 Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow

379

(3)

9.2.6 Effects of Pressure Gradient

382

(3)

9.3 Drag

385

(17)

9.3.1 Friction Drag

386

(1)

9.3.2 Pressure Drag

386

(1)

9.3.3 Drag Coefficient Data and Examples

387

(15)

9.4 Lift

402

(6)

9.4.1 Surface Pressure Distribution

402

(4)

9.4.2 Circulation

406

(2)

9.5 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

408

(1)

References

408

(1)

Problems

409

(8)

10 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW

417

(37)

10.1 General Characteristics of Open-Channel Flow

417

(1)

10.2 Surface Waves

418

(3)

10.2.1 Wave Speed

418

(3)

10.2.2 Froude Number Effects

421

(1)

10.3 Energy Considerations

421

(3)

10.3.1 Specific Energy

422

(2)

10.4 Uniform Depth Channel Flow

424

(9)

10.4.1 Uniform Flow Approximations

424

(1)

10.4.2 The Chezy and Manning Equations

425

(1)

10.4.3 Uniform Depth Examples

426

(7)

10.5 Gradually Varied Flow

433

(1)

10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow

434

(12)

10.6.1 The Hydraulic Jump

434

(5)

10.6.2 Sharp-Crested Weirs

439

(2)

10.6.3 Broad-Crested Weirs

441

(4)

10.6.4 Underflow Gates

445

(1)

10.7 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

446

(1)

References

447

(1)

Problems

447

(7)

11 TURBOMACHI NES

454

(46)

11.1 Introduction

455

(1)

11.2 Basic Energy Considerations

456

(3)

11.3 Basic Angular Momentum Considerations

459

(2)

11.4 The Centrifugal Pump

461

(10)

11.4.1 Theoretical Considerations

461

(4)

11.4.2 Pump Performance Characteristics

465

(3)

11.4.3 System Characteristics and Pump Selection

468

(3)

11.5 Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws

471

(5)

11.5.1 Specific Speed

415

(61)

11.6 Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pumps

476

(2)

11.7 Turbines

478

(12)

11.7.1 Impulse Turbines

419

(67)

11.7.2 Reaction Turbines

486

(4)

11.8 Compressible Flow Turbomachines

490

(1)

11.9 Chapter Summary and Study Guide

491

(1)

References

492

(1)

Problems

492

(8)

A UNIT CONVERSION TABLES

500

(4)

B PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

504

(6)

C PROPERTIES OF THE U.S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE

510

(2)

D REYNOLDS TRANSPORT THEOREM

512

(7)

D.1 General Reynolds Transport Theorem

512

(3)

D.2 General Control Volume Equations

515

(4)

ANSWERS

519

(4)

INDEX

523

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechancis, 3rd Edition

A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechancis, 3rd Edition

9780471457572

0471457574

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Table of Contents

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