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Manual de Gramática with Atajo CD-ROM : Grammar Reference for Students of Spanish

by: DOZIER/IGUINA

Manual de Gramática with Atajo CD-ROM : Grammar Reference for Students of Spanish

by: DOZIER/IGUINA

ISBN 13:
9780838498323
ISBN 10:
0838498329
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 07/22/1998
Publisher: Heinle
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Summary

Combines clear, easy-reference charts with detailed grammar presentations in English and conceptual distinctions between Spanish and English. A chapter of practice exercises, writing activities correlated to Atajo, plus an appendix clarifying common lexical difficulties make this a valuable tool for intermediate and advanced literature and language courses.

PREFACE

XIX

Chapter 1 Overview

(24)

A Sentence Components

(4)

B Verb Structure

(1)

C Sentence Structure

(7)

1. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

(1)

2. MAIN OR PRINCIPAL CLAUSES

(1)

3. DEPENDENT OR SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

(7)

D Accents

(11)

1. SYLLABIFICATION

(1)

a. Consonants (Consonantes)

(1)

b. Vowels (Vocales)

(2)

2. STRESS

(1)

a. Categorization of Words by Stress

(1)

b. Rules for Written Accents

(1)

c. Special Cases

(1)

(1) ADVERBS ENDING IN -MENTE

(1)

(2) MONOSYLLABLES

(1)

(3) NON-MONOSYLLABIC HOMONYMS

(1)

(a) Aun vs. Aun

(1)

(b) Solo vs. Solo

(1)

(d) Exclamative and Interrogative Adjectives, Pronouns, or Adverbs

(4)

Chapter 2 Nouns and Noun Determiners

(28)

A Nouns and Their Equivalents

(8)

1. INTRODUCTION

(1)

a. Definition

(1)

b. Noun Equivalents

(2)

c. Noun Companions

(1)

2. NOUNS: GENDER AND NUMBER

(11)

a. Gender (Genero)

(3)

b. Number (Numero)

(1)

3. PERSONAL A

(2)

B Noun Determiners

(19)

1. ARTICLES

(1)

a. Definite Articles

(2)

(1) SUBJECTS

(1)

(2) TITLES

(1)

(3) LANGUAGES

(1)

(4) POSSESSIVES VS. ARTICLES

(1)

b. Indefinite Articles

(2)

2. ADJECTIVES

(1)

a. Demonstrative Adjectives

(1)

b. Possessive Adjectives

(1)

c. Forms of Descriptive Adjectives

(1)

(1) COMMON ADJECTIVE ENDINGS

(1)

(2) ADJECTIVES WITH SHORT AND LONG FORMS

(1)

d. Position of Descriptive Adjectives

(5)

e. Comparisons

(1)

(1) COMPARISONS OF INEQUALITY

(1)

(a) With Adverbs, Adjectives, and Nouns

(1)

(b) With a Numerical Expression, Use De Instead of Que

(1)

(2) COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY

(1)

(a) Tanto(-a, -os, -as)... como

(1)

(b) Tanto como

(1)

f. Superlatives

(1)

Chapter 3 Pronouns

(48)

A Personal Pronouns

(15)

1. DEFINITIONS

(1)

a. Intransitive Verbs

(1)

b. Transitive Verbs

(1)

(1) WITH SUBJECT AND DIRECT OBJECT

(1)

(2) WITH SUBJECT, DIRECT OBJECT, AND INDIRECT OBJECT

(1)

(3) WITH SUBJECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT ONLY

(1)

2. SUBJECT PRONOUNS

(3)

3. DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

(1)

a. Formation and Usage

(1)

b. Stressed and Unstressed Object Pronouns (Direct and Indirect Object)

(1)

c. Lo: The Neuter (Invariable) Pronoun

(1)

4. INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

(2)

5. REQUIRED REPETITIVE OBJECT PRONOUNS

(1)

a. Direct Object Pronouns

(1)

b. Indirect Object Pronouns

(1)

6. ORDER OF OBJECT PRONOUNS WHEN COMBINED

(1)

7. POSITION OF OBJECT PRONOUNS

(1)

8. PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT PRONOUNS

(2)

B Se

(11)

1. INTRODUCTION

(1)

2. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

(1)

a. Reflexives

(1)

b. Reciprocals

(1)

3. SE ME CONSTRUCTION: ACCIDENTAL OR IRRESPONSIBLE SE

(4)

4. IMPERSONAL SE

(1)

a. Introduction

(1)

(1) AGENT PRESENT

(1)

(2) NO AGENT: IMPERSONAL

(1)

(3) NO AGENT: NOT IMPERSONAL

(1)

b. Impersonal Se with Inanimate Objects

(1)

c. Impersonal Se with Persons

(1)

d. Impersonal Se with Both Human and Inanimate Objects

(1)

e. Impersonal Reflexive Construction--Uno

(1)

C Demonstrative and Possessive Pronouns

(2)

1. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

(1)

2. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

(1)

D Interrogatives

(5)

1. QUE

(1)

2. CUAL

(1)

3. QUE VS. CUAL WITH SER

(2)

4. "HOW"

(1)

a. "How" + Verb = Como

(1)

b. "How" + Adjective or Adverb

(1)

5. WORD ORDER

(1)

E Exclamatives

(3)

1. QUE + NOUN

(1)

2. QUE + MODIFIED NOUN

(1)

3. QUE + ADJECTIVE

(1)

4. QUE + ADVERB

(1)

5. COMO + VERB

(1)

6. CUANTO + VERB

(1)

7 CUANTO(A) + NOUN

(1)

8 CUANTOS(AS) + NOUN

(1)

9. QUIEN + VERB

(1)

F Indefinites and Negatives

(3)

G Relative Pronouns

(8)

1. FORMATION AND USAGE

(2)

2. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WITHOUT A PREPOSITION

(1)

3. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WITH A PREPOSITION

(1)

a. El cual / el que

(1)

b. Exceptional Prepositions

(1)

4. ADDITIONAL USES

(1)

a. Lo que / lo cual (invariable)

(1)

b. El que

(1)

c. Lo que

(1)

d. Cuyo

(1)

e. Donde

(1)

f. "Who"

(1)

(1) INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN: QUIEN

(1)

(2) RELATIVE PRONOUN: QUE

(1)

(3) EL CUAL / EL QUE

(1)

g. "What"

(2)

Chapter 4 Prepositions, Adverbs, and Conjunctions

101

(46)

A Prepositions

102

(22)

1. FUNCTION OF PREPOSITIONS

102

(1)

2. VERBS USED WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS

103

(1)

3. INDIVIDUAL PREPOSITIONS

104

(1)

a. A

104

(1)

(1) USAGE

104

(1)

(2) PERSONAL A

105

(1)

(3) EXPRESSIONS WITH A

105

(2)

(4) VERBS WITH A

107

(1)

b. Con

108

(1)

(1) USAGE

108

(1)

(2) EXPRESSIONS WITH CON

109

(1)

(3) VERBS WITH CON

109

(1)

c. De

110

(1)

(1) USAGE

110

(1)

(2) EXPRESSIONS WITH DE

111

(1)

(3) VERBS WITH DE

111

(1)

d. En

113

(1)

(1) USAGE

113

(1)

(2) EXPRESSIONS WITH EN

114

(1)

(3) VERBS WITH EN

114

(1)

e. Para

116

(1)

(1) USAGE

116

(1)

(2) EXPRESSIONS WITH PARA

116

(1)

f. Por

117

(1)

(1) USAGE

117

(1)

(2) EXPRESSIONS WITH POR

118

(1)

(3) VERBS WITH POR

119

(1)

4. LIST OF EXPRESSIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS (ENGLISH-SPANISH)

120

(2)

5. REVIEW OF EXPRESSIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS

122

(2)

B Adverbs

124

(15)

1. DEFINITION

124

(1)

2. ADVERBS ENDING IN -MENTE

124

(1)

3. WORD ORDER

125

(1)

4. MULTIPLE-FUNCTION WORDS

125

(1)

5. ADVERBS OF PLACE

126

(1)

a. Aca / alla; aqui / alli

127

(1)

b. Arriba, encima; abajo, debajo; bajo

128

(1)

6. ADVERBS OF TIME

128

(1)

a. Aun, aun

129

(1)

b. Nunca, jamas

129

(1)

c. Tarde, temprano

129

(1)

d. Ya, ya no, todavia, todavia no

130

(1)

e. Examples of Adverbs of Time

130

(1)

7. ADVERBS OF MANNER

131

(1)

a. Asi

131

(1)

b. Bien

132

(1)

8. ADVERBS OF QUANTITY

132

(1)

a. Demasiado, mucho, muy

133

(1)

b. Example of Adverbs of Quantity

133

(1)

9. ADVERBS OF CONFIRMATION, DOUBT, OR NEGATION

134

(1)

a. Acaso / quiza / tal vez

134

(1)

b. Bueno

135

(1)

c. No

135

(1)

d. Si

135

(1)

e. Tambien / tampoco

136

(1)

f. Ya

136

(1)

10. ADVERBIAL PHRASES

136

(1)

11. RELATED ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS

137

(2)

C Conjunctions

139

(2)

1. USAGE

139

(1)

2. CONJUNCTIONS OF COORDINATION

139

(1)

3. CONJUNCTIONS OF SUBORDINATION

140

(1)

D Transitions

141

(6)

Chapter 5 Verbs: Formation

147

(28)

A Indicative Mood

148

(12)

1. PRESENT INDICATIVE

148

(1)

a. Regular Verbs

148

(1)

b. Stem-Changing Verbs

148

(2)

c. Spelling-Changing Verbs

150

(1)

d. Classified Irregular Verbs

151

(1)

e. Other Irregular Verbs

152

(1)

2. PAST TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE

153

(1)

a. Imperfect Indicative

153

(1)

b. Preterite

154

(3)

c. Present Perfect Indicative

157

(1)

d. Pluperfect Indicative

158

(1)

3. FUTURE

158

(1)

a. Simple Future

158

(1)

b. Future Perfect

159

(1)

B Conditional Mood

160

(1)

1. PRESENT CONDITIONAL

160

(1)

2. CONDITIONAL PERFECT

161

(1)

C Subjunctive Mood

161

(6)

1. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

161

(1)

a. Regular Verbs

161

(1)

b. Stem-Changing Verbs

162

(1)

c. Irregular Verbs

162

(2)

2. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

164

(2)

3. PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

166

(1)

4. PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

166

(1)

D Imperative Mood

167

(5)

1. DIRECT COMMANDS

167

(1)

a. Tu

167

(1)

b. Usted / Ustedes

168

(1)

c. Vosotros

170

(1)

d. Nosotros

171

(1)

2. INDIRECT COMMANDS

172

(1)

E Infinitive

172

(1)

1. PRESENT INFINITIVE

172

(1)

2. PERFECT INFINITIVE

172

(1)

F Participle

173

(2)

1. PRESENT PARTICIPLE OR GERUND

173

(1)

2. PAST PARTICIPLE

173

(2)

Chapter 6 Verbs: Usage

175

(82)

A Present Indicative

176

(1)

B Past Indicative Tenses: Preterite vs. Imperfect vs. Pluperfect

177

(1)

1. INTRODUCTION

177

(1)

2. ACTION VS. STATE

177

(1)

a. Definitions

177

(1)

b. Verbs of Action: Preterite Is the Rule, Imperfect Is the Exception

178

(2)

(1) SPECIAL NOTE ON "WOULD"

180

(1)

(2) ACTION VS. STATE REVIEW ELIMINATION CHECKLIST

180

(1)

c. Verbs of State: Imperfect Is the Rule, Preterite Is the Exception

181

(4)

3. BEGINNING-MIDDLE-END

185

(1)

a. Preterite: Beginning and / or End

185

(1)

b. Imperfect: Middle

186

(1)

4. DIACHRONIC VS. SYNCHRONIC

187

(1)

5. PLUPERFECT

188

(2)

C Compound Tenses

190

(7)

1. INTRODUCTION

190

(1)

2. PERFECT TENSES

191

(1)

a. Present Perfect Indicative

191

(1)

b. Future Perfect

191

(1)

c. Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Indicative

192

(1)

d. Conditional Perfect

192

(1)

e. Present Perfect Subjunctive

192

(1)

f. Pluperfect Subjunctive

192

(1)

3. SIMPLE PROGRESSIVE TENSES

193

(1)

a. INTRODUCTION

193

(1)

b. Present Progressive

193

(1)

c. Future Progressive

194

(1)

d. Past Progressive

194

(1)

e. Conditional Present Progressive

194

(1)

f. Subjunctive Present Progressive

195

(1)

g. Subjunctive Imperfect Progressive

195

(1)

4. PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES

195

(1)

a. Introduction

195

(1)

b. Indicative Present Perfect Progressive

195

(1)

c. Indicative Future Perfect Progressive

195

(1)

d. Indicative Pluperfect Progressive

196

(1)

e. Conditional Perfect Progressive

196

(1)

f. Subjunctive Present Perfect Progressive

196

(1)

g. Subjunctive Pluperfect Progressive

196

(1)

5. MODAL AUXILIARIES

197

(1)

D Ways of Expressing the Future

197

(1)

E Conditional

198

(2)

1. INTRODUCTION

198

(1)

2. COURTESY WITH CONDITIONAL OF MODAL AUXILIARIES

199

(1)

3. HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS WITH OR WITHOUT CONDITION EXPRESSED WITH SI

199

(1)

4. FUTURE OF THE PAST

199

(1)

5. PROBABILITY IN THE PAST

200

(1)

F Probability

200

(2)

G Subjunctive

202

(29)

1. INTRODUCTION

202

(1)

2. NOMINAL CLAUSES

202

(1)

a. Definition and Usage

202

(1)

b. Subjunctive after Expressions of Emotion

203

(1)

c. Subjunctive after Expressions of Volition and Influence

205

(3)

d. Subjunctive after Expressions of Doubt and Negation of Reality

208

(1)

e. Subjunctive after Impersonal Expressions with Ser

209

(2)

3. ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES

211

(1)

a. Definition

211

(1)

b. Usage

211

(1)

4. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

212

(1)

a. Definition

212

(1)

b. Usage

212

(1)

5. SEQUENCE OF TENSES

217

(1)

a. Introduction

217

(1)

b. Chronological Relativity

217

(1)

c. Aspect Relativity

223

(1)

d. Tense Relativity from Indicative to Subjunctive

224

(1)

(1) MAIN CLAUSE IN THE PRESENT SET

224

(1)

(2) MAIN CLAUSE IN THE PAST SET

225

(1)

6. IF (SI) CLAUSES

226

(1)

a. Sequence of Tenses

226

(1)

b. Como si (As If)

227

(1)

7. OJALA

228

(1)

8. EXPRESSIONS OF LEAVE-TAKING

229

(2)

H Infinitives and Present Participles

231

(5)

1. INFINITIVES

231

(1)

a. Present Infinitive

231

(1)

b. Perfect Infinitive

233

(1)

2. PRESENT PARTICIPLES

234

(2)

I Verbs Like Gustar

236

(5)

1. FORMATION

236

(1)

2. WORD ORDER

236

(1)

3. VERBS SIMILAR TO GUSTAR

237

(1)

4. ARTICLES

240

(1)

5. CHANGES IN MEANING

240

(1)

J Reflexive Verbs

241

(8)

K Indirect Discourse

249

(8)

1. INTRODUCTION

249

(1)

2. VERB-TENSE CHANGES

250

(1)

3. NO VERB-TENSE CHANGES

251

(1)

4. PERSON CHANGES

252

(1)

5. TIME CHANGES

253

(1)

6. OTHER CHANGES

254

(1)

a. Connectives

254

(1)

b. This, That, and the Other

254

(1)

c. Verbs of Communication

254

(1)

d. A Note on Word Order with Indirect Interrogatives

255

(2)

Chapter 7 Ser, Estar, Haber, Hacer, and Tener

257

(20)

A Overview

258

(1)

B Ser vs. Estar

259

(12)

1. WITH EQUAL ELEMENTS: SER

260

(1)

2. WITH ADJECTIVES

260

(1)

a. Predicate Adjectives

260

(1)

(1) ABURRIDO

262

(1)

(2) BUENO

262

(1)

(3) CALLADO

263

(1)

(4) CIEGO

263

(1)

(5) COMODO

263

(1)

(6) FRIO

263

(1)

(7) LISTO

263

(1)

(8) MADURO

264

(1)

(9) RICO

264

(1)

(10) VERDE

264

(1)

(11) VIVO

264

(1)

b. Expressions with "To Be"

264

(2)

c. Impersonal Expressions

266

(1)

3. WITH PREPOSITIONS AND ADVERBS

266

(1)

a. De

266

(1)

b. Time and Place

267

(1)

4. WITH PAST AND PRESENT PARTICIPLES

268

(1)

a. With Present Participles

268

(1)

b. With Past Participles: Passive Voice and Resultant Condition

268

(1)

(1) FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE

268

(1)

(2) A NOTE ON THE PASSIVE VOICE

269

(2)

C Estar vs. Haber

271

(1)

D Expressions with Estar and Tener

272

(1)

1. EXPRESSIONS WITH ESTAR

272

(1)

2. EXPRESSIONS WITH TENER

272

(1)

E Time Expressions

273

(4)

1. INTRODUCTION

273

(1)

a. Counting Forward

273

(1)

b. Counting Backward

273

(1)

2. DURATION

274

(1)

a. Counting Back from the Present

274

(1)

b. Counting Back from a Moment in the Past

275

(1)

3. AGO

276

(1)

Chapter 8 Lexical Variations

277

(26)

A Introduction

278

(1)

B Terms and Expressions

278

(25)

1. ACABAR

278

(1)

2. APPLY

279

(1)

3. ASK

280

(1)

4. AT

281

(1)

5. ATTEND

281

(1)

6. BECAUSE

282

(1)

7. BECOME OR GET

283

(2)

8. BUT

285

(1)

9. COME AND GO

286

(1)

10. DESPEDIR

287

(1)

11. EXIT AND SUCCESS

287

(1)

12. GO AND LEAVE

288

(1)

13. GUIDE

289

(1)

14. KNOW

290

(1)

15. LEARN

290

(1)

16. MEET

291

(1)

17. ORDER

292

(1)

18. PENSAR

292

(1)

19. PEOPLE VS. MACHINES

293

(1)

20. PLAY

295

(1)

21. PUT

296

(1)

22. REALIZE

297

(1)

23. SERVE

297

(1)

24. SPEND

298

(1)

25. TAKE

298

(1)

26. TIME

300

(1)

27. WHAT

300

(1)

Ejercicios

303

(124)

Verb Tables

427

(37)

Index

464

(9)

Answer Key

473

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Manual de Gramática with Atajo CD-ROM : Grammar Reference for Students of Spanish

Manual de Gramática with Atajo CD-ROM : Grammar Reference for Students of Spanish

9780838498323

0838498329

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Manual de Gramática with Atajo CD-ROM : Grammar Reference for Students of Spanish

Manual de Gramática with Atajo CD-ROM : Grammar Reference for Students of Spanish

9780838498323

0838498329

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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