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Educational Administration : Concepts and Practices

by: Lunenburg, Fred C.; Ornstein, Allan C.

Educational Administration : Concepts and Practices

by: Lunenburg, Fred C.; Ornstein, Allan C.

ISBN 13:
9780534559984
ISBN 10:
0534559980
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/06/1999
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES, the most comprehensive and respected text on the market, discusses all topics covered by other educational administration texts, and MORE: culture, change, curriculum, personnel administration, diversity, effective teaching strategies, and supervision of instruction. Topics are covered in a direct and easy-to-understand manner, with an excellent blend of theory and practice.

Administrative Advice

xiii

Pro/Con Debates

Forward

xvi

Preface

xvii

The Authors

xiv

I Fundamental Principles and Concepts

(86)

Development of Administrative Theory

(22)

Focusing Questions

(1)

Theory

(3)

Functions of Theories

(2)

Classical Organizational Theory

(3)

Scientific Management

(1)

Administrative Management

(2)

Human Relations Approach

(2)

The Hawthorne Studies

(1)

Other Contributors to the Human Relations Approach

(1)

Behavioral Science Approach

(4)

The Individual and the Organization

(2)

Leadership

(2)

Development of Administrative Thought

(1)

Systems Theory

(6)

Basic Systems Model

(1)

A Systems View of School Administration

(4)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Discussion Questions

(2)

Suggested Readings

(2)

Organizational Structure

(35)

Focusing Questions

(1)

Basic Concepts of Organizational Structure

(3)

Job Specialization

(1)

Departmentalization

(1)

Chain of Command

(1)

Authority and Responsibility

(1)

Centralization/Decentralization

(1)

Line and Staff Authority

(1)

Span of Management

(1)

The Bureaucratic Model

(3)

Bureaucratic Characteristics

(2)

Bureaucratic Dysfunctions

(1)

The Participatory Management Model

(12)

Theory X and Theory Y

(1)

Individual versus Organization

(1)

System 4 Organization

(3)

Shaping School Culture

(1)

Moral Leadership

(1)

School-Based Management

(1)

Total Quality Management

(3)

Frames of Organization

(2)

Alternative Models of Organizational Structure

(10)

Compliance Theory

(1)

Mechanistic-Organic Organization

(4)

Strategy-Structure Typology

(5)

The School as a Social System

(4)

Dimensions of a Social System

(1)

Expanded Model: Cultural Dimensions

(2)

Getzel's Latest Model: Communities Dimension

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Suggested Readings

(2)

Organizational Culture

(28)

Focusing Questions

(1)

The Nature of Organizational Culture

(3)

Definition and Characteristics

(1)

Uniformity of Culture

(1)

Developing, Maintaining, and Changing Organizational Culture

(5)

Creating Organizational Culture

(1)

Maintaining Organizational Culture

(3)

Changing Organizational Culture

(1)

Effects of Organizational Culture

(6)

Views of Excellence

(2)

Theory Z

(2)

A Typology of Organizational Culture

(1)

Organizational Climate

(12)

Open-Closed Climates

(2)

Healthy-Sick Schools

(1)

Comprehensive Assessment of School Environments (CASE)

(3)

Pupil Control Ideology

(5)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Suggested Readings

(2)

II Administrative Processes

(148)

Motivation

(24)

Focusing Questions

(1)

Defining Motivation

(2)

Content Theories

(10)

Need Hierarchy Theory

(3)

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

(5)

Existence Relatedness Growth Theory

(2)

Process Theories

100

(8)

Expectancy Theory

100

(4)

Equity Theory

104

(3)

Goal-Setting Theory

107

(1)

Summary

108

(2)

Key Terms

110

(1)

Discussion Questions

110

(1)

Suggested Readings

110

(2)

Leadership

112

(43)

Focusing Questions

112

(1)

The Nature of Leadership

112

(5)

Sources of Leader Influence

114

(1)

Research on Sources of Leader Influence

115

(2)

A New Concept of Power

117

(1)

Leader Traits

117

(7)

Traits of Leaders Compared with Nonleaders

117

(1)

Traits of Effective Leaders

118

(2)

Assessment Centers: Using Traits and Skills to Select Leaders

120

(4)

The Assessment Center Process

124

(1)

Leadership Behavior

124

(6)

The Iowa Studies: Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-Faire Leadership

125

(2)

The Ohio State Studies: Initiating Structure and Consideration

127

(2)

The Michigan Studies: Production Centered and Employee Centered

129

(1)

Leadership Behavior Theories: Similarities and Conclusions

129

(1)

Contingency Leadership

130

(9)

Fiedler's Contingency Theory

132

(4)

Path-Goal Theory

136

(3)

Leadership Styles

139

(9)

Leadership Style Continuum

139

(3)

Leadership Grid® Styles

142

(1)

Three-Dimensional Leadership Styles

142

(3)

Situational Leadership Styles

145

(3)

Other Contemporary Perspectives

148

(3)

Vertical Dyad Linkage Model

148

(1)

Reciprocal Influence Theory

149

(1)

Substitutes for Leadership

149

(1)

Transformational Leadership

150

(1)

Summary

151

(1)

Key Terms

152

(1)

Discussion Questions

152

(1)

Suggested Readings

153

(2)

Decision Making

155

(25)

Focusing Questions

155

(1)

The Nature of Decision Making

155

(1)

Models of Decision Making

156

(10)

The Classical Decision-Making Model

157

(3)

The Behavioral Decision-Making Model

160

(3)

The Vroom-Yetton Normative Model

163

(3)

Benefits of Site-Based Decision Making

166

(3)

Problems in Site-Based Decision Making

169

(3)

Groupthink

169

(2)

Risky Shift

171

(1)

Escalation of Commitment

172

(1)

Site-Based Decision-Making Techniques

172

(5)

Brainstorming

172

(2)

Nominal Group Technique

174

(1)

Delphi Technique

175

(1)

Devil's Advocacy

176

(1)

Dialectical Inquiry

176

(1)

Summary

177

(1)

Key Terms

177

(2)

Discussion Questions

179

(1)

Suggested Readings

179

(1)

Communication

180

(26)

Focusing Questions

180

(1)

The Importance of Communication

180

(1)

The Communication Process

181

(2)

Ideating

181

(1)

Encoding

182

(1)

Transmitting

182

(1)

Receiving

182

(1)

Decoding

182

(1)

Acting

182

(1)

Nonverbal Communication

183

(2)

Direction of Communication

185

(4)

Downward Communication

185

(1)

Upward Communication

186

(2)

Horizontal Communication

188

(1)

Diagonal Communication

188

(1)

The Grapevine

188

(1)

Communication Networks

189

(5)

Network Patterns

189

(2)

Network Analysis

191

(3)

Barriers to Communication

194

(5)

Frames of Reference

194

(2)

Filtering

196

(1)

Structure

196

(1)

Information Overload

197

(1)

Semantics

198

(1)

Status Differences

198

(1)

Overcoming Barriers to Communication

199

(5)

Repetition

199

(1)

Empathy

199

(1)

Understanding

199

(1)

Feedback

200

(1)

Listening

201

(3)

Summary

204

(1)

Key Terms

204

(1)

Discussion Questions

204

(1)

Suggested Readings

204

(2)

Organizational Change

206

(29)

Focusing Questions

206

(1)

Schools as Open Systems

207

(1)

Pressures for Organizational Change

208

(3)

Government Intervention in Schools

208

(1)

Society's Values

209

(1)

Technological Change and Knowledge Explosion

210

(1)

Processes and People

210

(1)

Resistance to Change

211

(5)

Causes of Resistance to Change

211

(2)

Reducing Resistance to Change

213

(3)

Individual Approaches to Change

216

(9)

Job Enrichment

216

(2)

Laboratory Training

218

(2)

Behavior Modification

220

(2)

Transactional Analysis

222

(3)

Group Approaches to Change

225

(6)

Role Analysis Technique

225

(2)

Intergroup Problem Solving

227

(1)

Process Consultation

228

(1)

Survey Feedback

229

(2)

Strategic Planning

231

(1)

Summary

231

(1)

Key Terms

232

(1)

Discussion Questions

233

(1)

Suggested Readings

234

(1)

III The Structural Framework for Education

235

(196)

The Federal and State Government and Education

236

(48)

Focusing Questions

236

(1)

The Federal Role in Education

236

(1)

Changing Roles in the Federal Government and Education

237

(5)

Current Period: 1980s and 1990s

237

(2)

Clarifying the Federal Role in Education

239

(1)

The Department of Education

240

(2)

Congressional Influence on Education

242

(1)

Federal Programs and Activities in Education

243

(9)

Grants for Schools

243

(1)

Grants for Colleges

243

(1)

Vocational Education Acts

244

(1)

Relief Acts

244

(1)

War Acts

245

(1)

National Defense Education Act

245

(1)

Compensatory Education Acts

245

(1)

Title IX

246

(1)

Bilingual Education

246

(2)

Education for the Handicapped

248

(2)

Educational Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA)

250

(2)

National Reform of Education

252

(9)

The Call for Excellence

253

(7)

Need for Caution

260

(1)

State Government and Education

261

(7)

State Hierarchy of Education

261

(1)

The Governor

262

(2)

State Legislatures

264

(3)

State Courts

267

(1)

State Education Agencies

268

(4)

The State Board of Education

269

(1)

Chief State School Officer

270

(1)

State Departments of Education

271

(1)

State Reform Movements

272

(6)

Lessons to Be Learned

274

(1)

State-School District Relationship

275

(3)

Guidelines for Reform

278

(2)

Summary

280

(2)

Key Terms

282

(1)

Discussion Questions

283

(1)

Suggested Readings

283

(1)

Local School Districts

284

(64)

Focusing Questions

284

(1)

Local School Policy

284

(1)

Organization of School Districts

285

(10)

Size of School Districts

286

(1)

Number of School Districts

287

(2)

Students and Schools

289

(1)

Consolidation of School Districts

289

(2)

Decentralization of School Districts

291

(4)

Local School Boards

295

(10)

School Board-Public Problems

296

(1)

School Board Meetings

297

(1)

School Board Responsibilities

298

(3)

School Board Views on School Reform

301

(3)

State Standards: A National Movement

304

(1)

The School Superintendent

305

(15)

The Superintendent's Job

305

(1)

Superintendents' Salary and Performance

306

(2)

Up the Professional Ladder

308

(3)

The Superintendent and the School Board

311

(2)

Superintendents' Problems and Performance

313

(5)

Superintendents' Skill Areas

318

(2)

The Central Staff

320

(6)

Large Districts: Increased Central Offices

321

(1)

Small Districts: Understaffed Central Offices

322

(1)

Organizational Hierarchy

323

(1)

Efficiency Ratios

323

(3)

The Principal and the School

326

(19)

Conditions, Employment, and Trends

326

(3)

Leadership Role of the Principal

329

(4)

Managerial Role of the Principal

333

(1)

Curriculum-Instructional Role of the Principal

334

(2)

Effective Principals

336

(1)

Evaluation of Principals

337

(3)

Training and Preparation of Principals

340

(3)

Planning by Principals

343

(2)

Summary

345

(2)

Key Terms

347

(1)

Discussion Questions

347

(1)

Suggested Readings

347

(1)

School Finance and Productivity

348

(42)

Focusing Questions

348

(1)

Education and Economics

348

(2)

Tax Sources of School Revenues

350

(1)

Local Financing of Public Schools

351

(4)

Property Tax

352

(1)

User Fees

352

(1)

Tobacco Settlement

353

(1)

Urban/Suburban Disparities

353

(1)

Municipal and Educational Overburden

353

(1)

Spending versus Outcomes

354

(1)

State Financing of Public Schools

355

(4)

Sales Tax

355

(1)

Personal Income Tax

356

(1)

Lotteries and Other State Taxes

356

(1)

The States' Ability to Finance Education

357

(2)

State Financial Responsibility

359

(4)

State Funding Methods

359

(1)

School Budgeting

360

(3)

School Effectiveness and Productivity

363

(7)

Size of Schools

363

(3)

Effective Schools

366

(1)

Effective School Indicators

367

(3)

School Finance Trends

370

(4)

Streamlining Budgets

371

(3)

Environmental Hazards

374

(6)

Asbestos

374

(1)

Radon Gas

375

(1)

Electromagnetic Fields

376

(1)

School Lead

377

(2)

Indoor Air Quality

379

(1)

School Infrastructure Costs

380

(3)

Financing School Construction

383

(2)

International Comparisons of Education Spending

385

(2)

Summary

387

(1)

Key Terms

387

(2)

Discussion Questions

389

(1)

Suggested Readings

389

(1)

Legal Considerations and Education

390

(41)

Focusing Questions

390

(1)

Legal Framework for Public Education

390

(4)

Federal Role in Education

391

(1)

State Role in Education

392

(1)

The Courts

393

(1)

The Law and Professional Personnel

394

(13)

Certification

395

(1)

Contracts

396

(1)

Termination of Employment

397

(2)

Discrimination in Employment

399

(4)

Tort Liability

403

(4)

The Law and Students

407

(12)

School Attendance

407

(4)

Student Discipline

411

(2)

Freedom of Expression

413

(3)

Classification Practices

416

(3)

The Law and State Issues

419

(8)

School Desegregation

419

(1)

Church-State Relations

420

(3)

Financing Education

423

(4)

Summary

427

(1)

Key Terms

427

(1)

Discussion Questions

428

(1)

Suggested Readings

429

(2)

IV Administration of Programs and Services

431

(158)

Curriculum Development and Implementation

432

(42)

Focusing Questions

432

(1)

Curriculum Definitions and Approaches

433

(7)

Behavioral Approach

433

(2)

Managerial Approach

435

(1)

Systems Approach

436

(3)

Humanistic Approach

439

(1)

Curriculum Development

440

(8)

Tyler: Behavioral Model

440

(3)

Saylor, Alexander, and Lewis: Managerial Model

443

(1)

Macdonald: Systems Model

444

(2)

Weinstein and Fantini: Humanistic Model

446

(1)

Nontechnical Model

446

(2)

Components of Curriculum Development

448

(5)

Criteria for Selecting Content

448

(1)

Criteria for Selecting Learning Experiences

449

(1)

Educational Environments

450

(1)

Leadership Considerations

451

(2)

The Roles of the Curriculum Worker

453

(4)

Responsibilities of the Curriculum Worker

454

(1)

The Teacher and the Curriculum

455

(2)

How Implementation Occurs

457

(5)

Incrementalism

457

(2)

Communication

459

(1)

Cooperation

459

(2)

Support

461

(1)

Implementation as a Change Process

462

(9)

Change Typologies

463

(1)

Resistance to Change

464

(1)

Improving Receptivity to Change

465

(2)

Guidelines for Change

467

(2)

Leadership and Change

469

(1)

Change and Collaboration

470

(1)

Summary

471

(1)

Key Terms

472

(1)

Discussion Questions

473

(1)

Suggested Readings

473

(1)

Analyzing and Improving Teaching

474

(43)

Focusing Questions

474

(1)

Review of the Research on Teaching

475

(1)

Teacher Styles

476

(1)

Research on Teacher Styles

476

(1)

Teacher Interaction

477

(6)

Verbal Communication

478

(3)

Nonverbal Communication

481

(1)

Teacher Expectations

482

(1)

Teacher Characteristics

483

(2)

Research on Teacher Characteristics

484

(1)

Teacher Effects

485

(5)

The Gage Model

486

(1)

The Good and Brophy Model

486

(1)

The Evertson and Emmer Model

487

(1)

The Master Teacher

488

(1)

Cautions and Criticisms

489

(1)

Teacher Contexts: New Research, New Paradigms

490

(7)

Metaphors

492

(1)

Stories

493

(1)

Biographies and Autobiographies

494

(1)

The Expert Teacher

495

(1)

Voice

496

(1)

Helping the Beginning Teacher

497

(3)

Problems of Education Students and Beginning Teachers

498

(1)

How Beginning Teachers (Novices) Teach

499

(1)

Support from Colleagues for Beginning Teachers

500

(3)

Self-Evaluation

503

(2)

Reflection

505

(1)

Alternative Forms of Teacher Evaluation

506

(1)

Supervisory Evaluation and Assistance

507

(3)

Staff Development and Technology

510

(4)

Summary

514

(1)

Key Terms

514

(1)

Discussion Questions

515

(1)

Suggested Readings

516

(1)

Human Resource Management

517

(43)

Focusing Questions

517

(1)

The Human Resource Management Process

517

(1)

Human Resource Planning

518

(7)

Job Analysis

518

(3)

Forecasting Demand and Supply

521

(1)

Legal Constraints

522

(3)

Affirmative Action Programs

525

(1)

Recruitment

525

(4)

Internal Sources

526

(1)

External Sources

527

(2)

Internal versus External Recruitment

529

(1)

Selection

529

(8)

Biographical Information

529

(2)

Reference Checks

531

(2)

Interviews

533

(1)

Tests

534

(3)

Assessment Centers

537

(1)

Hiring Decision

537

(1)

Training and Development

537

(2)

Assessment of Training Needs

538

(1)

Training Techniques

539

(1)

Evaluating the Training Program

539

(1)

Performance Appraisal

539

(6)

Performance Appraisal Methods

540

(4)

Rating Errors

544

(1)

Compensation

545

(3)

Wages and Salaries

546

(2)

Benefits

548

(1)

Union-Management Relations

548

(7)

Union Membership

548

(1)

Collective Bargaining

548

(7)

Summary

555

(2)

Key Terms

557

(1)

Discussion Questions

557

(2)

Suggested Readings

559

(1)

Careers in Educational Administration

560

(29)

Focusing Questions

560

(1)

The Concept of Career

560

(1)

Career Stages

561

(4)

Apprentice

561

(1)

Independent Contributor

562

(1)

Mentor

563

(1)

Sponsor

564

(1)

Managing Career Stress

565

(5)

Sources of Stress

565

(2)

Effects of Stress

567

(1)

Coping with Stress

568

(2)

Career Development

570

(5)

Career Planning

570

(3)

Career Management

573

(2)

Administrator Preparation Programs

575

(4)

An Agenda for Reform

576

(1)

Restructuring Efforts Under Way

577

(2)

Women and Minorities in Educational Administration

579

(5)

Women in Educational Administration

579

(2)

Racial Minorities in Educational Administration

581

(1)

Programs for Women and Minorities

582

(2)

Summary

584

(1)

Key Terms

585

(1)

Discussion Questions

585

(1)

Suggested Readings

585

(4)

Name Index

589

(10)

Subject Index

599

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Educational Administration : Concepts and Practices

Educational Administration : Concepts and Practices

9780534559984

0534559980

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Educational Administration : Concepts and Practices

Educational Administration : Concepts and Practices

9780534559984

0534559980

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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