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Seeing Through Statistics (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by: Utts,Jessica M.

Seeing Through Statistics (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by: Utts,Jessica M.

ISBN 13:
9780534394028
ISBN 10:
0534394027
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 06/23/2004
Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Summary

This third edition of Jessica Utts' popular book develops statistical literacy and critical thinking through real-world applications, with an emphasis on ideas, not calculations. This text focuses on the key concepts that educated citizens need to know about statistics. These ideas are introduced in interesting applied and real contexts, without using an abundance of technicalities and calculations that only serve to confuse students.

PART 1 Finding Data in Life

(120)

The Benefits and Risks of Using Statistics

(12)

Statistics

(1)

Heart or Hypothalamus?

(1)

Detecting Patterns and Relationships

(3)

Does Aspirin Prevent Heart Attacks?

(1)

Don't Be Deceived by Improper Use of Statistics

(2)

A Mistaken Accusation of Cheating

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

(5)

Exercises

(3)

Mini-Projects

(1)

References

(1)

Reading the News

(21)

The Educated Consumer of Data

(1)

Origins of News Stories

(2)

How to be a Statistics Sleuth: Seven Critical Components

(3)

Four Hypothetical Examples of Bad Reports

(9)

Who Suffers from Hangovers?

(2)

Planning Your Own Study: Defining the Components in Advance

(6)

Brooks Shoes Brings Flawed Study to Court

(1)

Exercises

(3)

Mini-Projects

(1)

References

(1)

Measurements, Mistakes, and Misunderstandings

(21)

Simple Measures Don't Exist

(1)

It's All in the Wording

(4)

No Opinion of Your Own? Let Politics Decide

(1)

Open or Closed Questions: Should Choices Be Given?

(2)

Defining What Is Being Measured

(3)

Questions in Advertising

(1)

Defining a Common Language

(11)

Exercises

(4)

Mini-Projects

(1)

References

(1)

How to Get a Good Sample

(24)

Common Research Strategies

(3)

Defining a Common Language

(1)

The Beauty of Sampling

(2)

Simple Random Sampling

(1)

Other Sampling Methods

(4)

Difficulties and Disasters in Sampling

(12)

The Infamous Literary Digest Poll of 1936

(1)

Exercises

(6)

Mini-Projects

(1)

References

(1)

Experiments and Observational Studies

(26)

Defining a Common Language

(3)

Designing a Good Experiment

(5)

Quitting Smoking with Nicotine Patches

(1)

Difficulties and Disasters in Experiments

(3)

Exercise Yourself to Sleep

(1)

Designing a Good Observational Experiment

(3)

Baldness and Heart Attacks

(2)

Difficulties and Disasters in Observational Studies

(2)

Random Sample versus Random Assignment

(9)

Exercises

100

(5)

Mini-Projects

105

(1)

References

106

(1)

Getting the Big Picture

107

(14)

Final Questions

107

(14)

Mozart, Relaxation, and Performance on Spatial Tasks

108

(2)

Meditation and Aging

110

(3)

Drinking, Driving, and the Supreme Court

113

(3)

Smoking During Pregnancy and Child's IQ

116

(2)

For Class Discussion: Guns and Homicides at Home

118

(1)

Mini-Projects

119

(1)

References

119

(2)

PART 2 Finding Life in Data

121

(174)

Summarizing and Displaying Measurement Data

123

(24)

Turning Data into Information

124

(1)

Picturing Data: Stemplots and Histograms

125

(7)

Five Useful Numbers: A Summary

132

(2)

Boxplots

134

(2)

Traditional Measures: Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation

136

(2)

Caution: Being Average Isn't Normal

138

(9)

Detecting Exam Cheating with a Histogram

139

(1)

For Those Who Like Formulas

140

(1)

Exercises

141

(4)

Mini-Projects

145

(1)

References

146

(1)

Bell-Shaped Curves and Other Shapes

147

(15)

Populations, Frequency Curves, and Proportions

148

(2)

The Pervasiveness of Normal Curves

150

(1)

Percentiles and Standardized Scores

150

(4)

z-Scores and Familiar Intervals

154

(8)

For Those Who Like Formulas

156

(1)

Exercises

156

(5)

References

161

(1)

Plots, Graphs, and Pictures

162

(18)

Well-Designed Statistical Pictures

163

(1)

Pictures of Categorical Data

163

(3)

Pictures of Measurement Variables

166

(1)

Difficulties and Disasters in Plots, Graphs, and Pictures

167

(6)

A Checklist for Statistical Pictures

173

(7)

Time to Panic about Illicit Drug Use?

173

(1)

Exercises

174

(4)

Mini-Projects

178

(1)

References

179

(1)

Relationships Between Measurement Variables

180

(20)

Statistical Relationships

181

(1)

Strength versus Statistical Significance

182

(2)

Measuring Strength Through Correlation

184

(4)

Specifying Linear Relationships with Regression

188

(12)

Are Attitudes about Love and Romance Hereditary?

191

(2)

A Weighty Issue: Women Want Less, Men Want More

193

(2)

For Those Who Like Formulas

195

(1)

Exercises

195

(4)

Mini-Projects

199

(1)

References

199

(1)

Relationships Can Be Deceiving

200

(18)

Illegitimate Correlations

201

(5)

Legitimate Correlation Does Not Imply Causation

206

(1)

Some Reasons for Relationships Between Variables

207

(4)

Confirming Causation

211

(7)

Exercises

213

(3)

Mini-Projects

216

(1)

References

217

(1)

Relationships Between Categorical Variables

218

(24)

Displaying Relationships Between Categorical Variables: Contingency Tables

219

(3)

Relative Risk, Increased Risk, and Odds

222

(5)

Misleading Statistics about Risk

227

(2)

Simpson's Paradox: The Missing Third Variable

229

(13)

Assessing Discrimination in Hiring and Firing

231

(2)

For Those Who Like Formulas

233

(1)

Exercises

233

(7)

Mini-Projects

240

(1)

References

240

(2)

Statistical Significance for 2 x 2 Tables

242

(24)

Measuring the Strength of the Relationship

243

(2)

Steps for Assessing Statistical Significance

245

(2)

The Chi-Square Test

247

(7)

Practical versus Statistical Significance

254

(12)

Extrasensory Perception Works Best with Movies

256

(1)

For Those Who Like Formulas

257

(1)

Exercises

258

(6)

Mini-Projects

264

(1)

References

265

(1)

Reading the Economic News

266

(16)

Cost of Living: The Consumer Price Index

267

(3)

Uses of the Consumer Price Index

270

(2)

Criticisms of the Consumer Price Index

272

(1)

Economic Indicators

273

(9)

Did Wages Really Go Up in the Reagan--Bush Years?

276

(1)

Exercises

276

(4)

Mini-Projects

280

(1)

References

280

(2)

Understanding and Reporting Trends over Time

282

(13)

Time Series

283

(1)

Components of Time Series

284

(3)

Seasonal Adjustments: Reporting the Consumer Price Index

287

(1)

Cautions and Checklist

288

(7)

If You're Looking for a Job, Try May and October

289

(2)

Exercises

291

(2)

Mini-Projects

293

(1)

References

294

(1)

PART 3 Understanding Uncertainty in Life

295

(58)

Understanding Probability and Long-Term Expectations

297

(22)

Probability

298

(1)

The Relative-Frequency Interpretation

298

(2)

The Personal-Probability Interpretation

300

(2)

Applying Some Simple Probability Rules

302

(2)

When Will It Happen?

304

(3)

Long-Term Gains, Losses, and Expectations

307

(12)

Birthdays and Death Days---Is There a Connection?

310

(1)

For Those Who Like Formulas

311

(1)

Exercises

311

(6)

Mini-Projects

317

(1)

References

317

(2)

Psychological Influences on Personal Probability

319

(16)

Revisiting Personal Probability

320

(1)

Equivalent Probabilities; Different Decisions

320

(2)

How Personal Probabilities can Be Distorted

322

(4)

Optimism, Reluctance to Change, and Overconfidence

326

(2)

Calibrating Personal Probabilities of Experts

328

(1)

Calibrating Weather Forecasters and Physicians

328

(1)

Tips for Improving Your Personal Probabilities and Judgments

329

(6)

Exercises

330

(3)

Mini-Projects

333

(1)

References

333

(2)

When Intuition Differs from Relative Frequency

335

(18)

Revisiting Relative Frequency

336

(1)

Coincidences

336

(3)

The Gambler's Fallacy

339

(1)

Confusion of the Inverse

340

(4)

Streak Shooting in Basketball: Reality or Illusion?

342

(2)

Using Expected Values to Make Wise Decisions

344

(9)

How Bad Is a Bet on the British Open?

345

(2)

For Those Who Like Formulas

347

(1)

Exercises

347

(4)

Mini-Projects

351

(1)

References

351

(2)

PART 4 Making Judgments from Surveys and Experiments

353

(168)

The Diversity of Samples from the Same Population

355

(18)

Setting the Stage

356

(1)

What to Expect of Sample Proportions

356

(4)

What to Expect of Sample Means

360

(4)

What to Expect in Other Situations

364

(9)

Do Americans Really Vote When They Say They Do?

365

(1)

For Those Who Like Formulas

366

(1)

Exercises

367

(4)

Mini-Projects

371

(1)

References

372

(1)

Estimating Proportions with Confidence

373

(16)

Confidence Intervals

374

(1)

Three Examples of Confidence Intervals from the Media

374

(3)

Constructing a Confidence Interval for a Proportion

377

(12)

A Winning Confidence Interval Loses in Court

380

(1)

For Those Who Like Formulas

381

(1)

Exercises

382

(5)

Mini-Projects

387

(1)

References

388

(1)

The Role of Confidence Intervals in Research

389

(22)

Confidence Intervals for Population Means

390

(3)

Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Means

393

(2)

Revisiting Case Studies: How Journals Present Confidence Intervals

395

(4)

Understanding Any Confidence Interval

399

(12)

Premenstrual Syndrome? Try Calcium

400

(2)

For Those Who Like Formulas

402

(1)

Exercises

402

(7)

Mini-Projects

409

(1)

References

409

(2)

Rejecting Chance---Testing Hypotheses in Research

411

(22)

Using Data to Make Decisions

412

(2)

The Basic Steps for Testing Hypotheses

414

(3)

Testing Hypotheses for Proportions

417

(4)

What Can Go Wrong: The Two Types of Errors

421

(12)

Testing for the Existence of Extrasensory Perception

425

(2)

For Those Who Like Formulas

427

(1)

Exercises

427

(5)

Mini-Projects

432

(1)

References

432

(1)

Hypothesis Testing---Examples and Case Studies

433

(19)

How Hypothesis Tests are Reported in the News

434

(1)

Testing Hypotheses about Proportions and Means

435

(5)

Revisiting Case Studies: How Journals Present Hypothesis Tests

440

(12)

An Interpretation of a p-Value Not Fit to Print

442

(2)

For Those Who Like Formulas

444

(1)

Exercises

445

(6)

Mini-Projects

451

(1)

References

451

(1)

Significance, Importance, and Undetected Differences

452

(15)

Real Importance versus Statistical Significance

453

(1)

The Role of Sample Size in Statistical Significance

454

(1)

No Difference versus No Statistically Significant Difference

455

(3)

Seen a UFO? You May Be Healthier Than Your Friends

457

(1)

A Summary of Warnings

458

(9)

Finding Loneliness on the Internet

459

(1)

Exercises

460

(5)

Mini-Projects

465

(1)

References

466

(1)

Meta-Analysis: Resolving Inconsistencies across Studies

467

(17)

The Need for Meta-Analysis

468

(1)

Two Important Decisions for the Analyst

469

(4)

Smoking and Reduced Fertility

472

(1)

Some Benefits of Meta-Analysis

473

(2)

Criticisms of Meta-Analysis

475

(9)

Controversy over Mammograms

477

(2)

Exercises

479

(3)

Mini-Projects

482

(1)

References

482

(2)

Ethics in Statistical Studies

484

(22)

Ethical Treatment of Human and Animal Participants

484

(7)

Assurance of Data Quality

491

(5)

Appropriate Statistical Analyses

496

(2)

Fair Reporting of Results

498

(8)

Science Fair Project or Fair Science Project?

500

(2)

Exercises

502

(2)

References

504

(2)

Putting What You Have Learned to the Test

506

(15)

Cranberry Juice and Bladder Infections

507

(1)

Children on the Go

508

(1)

It Really Is True about Aspirin

509

(2)

You Can Work and Get Your Exercise at the Same Time

511

(1)

Sex, Alcohol, and the First Date

511

(1)

Unpalatable Pate

512

(1)

Nursing Moms Can Exercise, Too

513

(1)

So You Thought Spinach Was Good For You?

514

(1)

Chill Out---Move to Honolulu

515

(2)

So You Thought Hot Dogs Were Bad For You?

517

(2)

References

519

(2)

Contents of the Appendix and Accompanying CD

521

(4)

Appendix of News Stories

525

(16)

Solutions to Selected Exercises

541

(6)

Index

547

(12)

Credits

559

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Seeing Through Statistics (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

Seeing Through Statistics (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

9780534394028

0534394027

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Seeing Through Statistics (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

Seeing Through Statistics (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

9780534394028

0534394027

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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