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Social Problems in a Diverse Society (Book Alone)

by: Kendall, Diana

Social Problems in a Diverse Society (Book Alone)

by: Kendall, Diana

ISBN 13:
9780205482641
ISBN 10:
0205482643
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2007
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

This text focuses on the significance of race, class, and gender; uses personal narratives to convey how problems are experienced by individuals and groups; and applies sociological perspectives throughout to examine social issues.

Preface

xiii

Studying Social Problems in the Twenty-First Century

(24)

Using Sociological Insights to Study Social Problems

(5)

What Is a Social Problem?

(2)

The Sociological Imagination: Bringing Together the Personal and the Social

(1)

Box 1.1 Social Problems and Social Policy A Standoff on Gun Control Policy?

(2)

Do We Have a Problem? Subjective Awareness and Objective Reality

(1)

Box 1.2 Critical Thinking and You Determining What Constitutes a Social Problem

(1)

Using Social Theory to Analyze Social Problem

(7)

The Functionalist Perspective

(2)

The Conflict Perspective

(3)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

(1)

Using Social Research Methods to Study Social Problems

(5)

Box 1.3 Social Problems in the Media ``If It Bleeds, It Leads''? News Reporting on Violence

(2)

Field Research

(1)

Survey Research

(1)

Secondary Analysis of Existing Data

(1)

In Sum

(4)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

(1)

Wealth and Poverty: U.S. and Global Economic Inequalities

(22)

Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective

(1)

Analyzing U.S. Class Inequality

(6)

Box 2.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective ``Cheap Labor'' and the Global Economy

(2)

Wealth versus Income Inequality

(2)

Divisions in the U.S. Class Structure

(1)

Poverty in the United States

(6)

Box 2.2 Social Problems and Statistics Poverty in the United States

(1)

The Poverty Line

(3)

Who Are the Poor?

(1)

Consequences of Poverty

(1)

Social Welfare in the United States

(7)

Box 2.3 Social Problems and Social Policy Following Up on Welfare Reform: Does One Size Fit All?

(1)

Explanations for Poverty

(2)

Can Class-Based Inequality Be Reduced?

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

(1)

Racial and Ethnic Inequality

(26)

Racial and Ethnic Inequality as a Social Problem

(2)

What Are Race and Ethnicity?

(1)

``Official'' Racial and Ethnic Classifications

(1)

Dominant and Subordinate Groups

(1)

Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination

(2)

Box 3.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective The Polish Plumber in France: Negative Stereotypes about ``Cheap Labor''

(1)

Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequality

(5)

Social-Psychological Perspectives

(1)

Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

(1)

Functionalist Perspectives

(1)

Box 3.2 Social Problems in the Media The Color of Mayhem: Racial Stereotyping, Sexism, and Violence in Video Games

(1)

Conflict Perspectives

(3)

Inequalities Among Racial and Ethnic Groups

(10)

Native Americans (American Indians)

(1)

African Americans

(2)

Latinos/as (Hispanic Americans)

(2)

Asian and Pacific Americans

(1)

Box 3.3 Social Problems and Statistics Accurate and Inaccurate Comparisons

(3)

Box 3.4 Social Problems and Social Policy Social Justice: Beyond Black and White

(1)

Summary

(1)

Can Racial and Ethnic Inequalities Be Reduced?

(5)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

(2)

Gender Inequality

(26)

Gender Inequality as a Social Problem

(1)

Defining Sex and Gender

(1)

Biological and Social Bases for Gender Roles

(1)

Gender Inequality and Socialization

(7)

Gender Socialization by Parents

(1)

Peers and Gender Socialization

(1)

Box 4.1 Critical Thinking and You Does Class Position Influence How We Think About Gender?

(1)

Education and Gender Socialization

(1)

Sports and Gender Socialization

(1)

The Media and Gender Socialization

(1)

Box 4.2 Social Problems and Social Policy Title IX and Gender Quotas in College Sports?

(2)

Contemporary Gender Inequality

(7)

The Gendered Division of Paid Work

(2)

The Wage Gap

(1)

Sexual Harassment

(2)

The Glass Ceiling and the Glass Escalator

(1)

The Double Shift

(1)

Perspectives on Gender Inequality

(4)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

(1)

The Functionalist Perspective

(1)

Conflict and Feminist Perspectives

(1)

Box 4.3 Social Problems in Global Perspective Missing Girls: Facing Up to the Problem in China

(1)

Global Gender Inequality

(2)

Can Gender Inequality in the United States Be Reduced?

(3)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

(2)

Inequality Based on Age

100

(20)

Ageism as a Social Problem

102

(8)

Age-Based Stereotypes

102

(1)

Social Inequality and the Life Course

102

(3)

Box 5.1 Social Problems in the Media Middle-aged Women: Over the Hill and in Need of Repair?

105

(3)

Death and Dying

108

(1)

Box 5.2 Social Problems and Statistics Drawing the Wrong Conclusion

109

(1)

Problems Associated with Aging

110

(5)

Workplace Discrimination

110

(1)

Retirement and Changing Roles

111

(1)

Health, Illness, and Health Care

111

(1)

Box 5.3 Social Problems and Social Policy Government-Funded Health Care for Older People: Medicare

112

(1)

Victimization

113

(1)

Family Problems and Social Isolation

113

(1)

Housing Patterns and Long-Term Care Facilities

114

(1)

Perspectives on Aging and Social Inequality

115

(1)

The Functionalist Perspective

115

(1)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

115

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

116

(1)

Can Age-Based Inequality Be Reduced?

116

(4)

Summary

118

(1)

Key Terms

119

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

119

(1)

Inequality Based on Sexual Orientations

120

(20)

Nature and Extent of Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation

122

(1)

Box 6.1 Social Problems and Statistics How Many Gays and Lesbians?

122

(1)

Ideological Bases of Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation

123

(3)

Religion and Sexual Orientation

124

(1)

Box 6.2 Social Problems in the Media Depictions of Gay Men and Lesbians: Accurate Portrayals in Television Programming?

124

(2)

Law and Sexual Orientation

126

(1)

Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation

126

(6)

Lack of Marital Rights

127

(1)

Parental Rights

127

(1)

Box 6.3 Social Problems and Social Policy Should We Amend the U.S. Constitution to Define ``Marriage''?

128

(1)

Housing Discrimination

129

(1)

Discrimination in Medical Care

129

(1)

Occupational Discrimination

130

(1)

Discrimination in the Military

131

(1)

Victimization and Hate Crimes

132

(1)

Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Social Inequality

132

(4)

Biological and Psychological Perspectives

133

(1)

Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

134

(1)

Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives

135

(1)

Can Inequalities Based on Sexual Orientation Be Reduced?

136

(4)

Summary

138

(1)

Key Terms

139

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

139

(1)

Prostitution Pornography, and the Sex Industry

140

(20)

Deviance, the Sex Industry, and Social Problems

141

(1)

Prostitution in Global Perspective

142

(4)

The World's Oldest Profession?

143

(1)

The Global Sex Industry

143

(1)

Box 7.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective Economic Development or Childhood Sexual Slavery?

144

(1)

Health Aspects of Prostitution for Women

145

(1)

Prostitution in the United States

146

(4)

The Nature of Prostitution

146

(1)

The Extent of Prostitution

147

(1)

Box 7.2 Social Problems and Statistics What We Know and Don't Know about Prostitution

148

(1)

Prostitution and Age, Class, and Race

148

(2)

Sociological Perspectives on Prostitution

150

(2)

The Functionalist Perspective

150

(1)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

150

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

151

(1)

Pornography

152

(4)

The Social Construction of Pornography as a Social Problem

152

(1)

The Nature and Extent of Pornography

153

(1)

Research on Pornography

154

(1)

Box 7.3 Social Problems and Social Policy The Issue of Real versus Virtual Actors in Internet Child Pornography

154

(1)

Pornography and Age, Gender, Class, and Race

155

(1)

The Future of Pornography and the Sex Industry

156

(4)

Summary

158

(1)

Key Terms

159

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

159

(1)

Alcohol and Other Drugs

160

(28)

Drug Use and Abuse

161

(2)

Defining Drug Abuse

162

(1)

Drug Addiction

162

(1)

Alcohol Use and Abuse

163

(6)

Alcohol Consumption and Class, Gender, Age, and Race

163

(1)

Box 8.1 Social Problems in the Media The Two Faces of Alcohol: Framing Social Drinking and Alcoholism on TV Shows

164

(2)

Alcohol-Related Social Problems

166

(3)

Tobacco (Nicotine) Use as a Social Problem

169

(1)

Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Caffeine

170

(2)

Prescription Drugs

170

(1)

Over-the-Counter Drugs

171

(1)

Caffeine

172

(1)

Illegal Drug Use and Abuse

172

(6)

Marijuana

173

(1)

Stimulants

173

(1)

Box 8.2 Social Problems and Social Policy The Battle over Marijuana: Medicalization or Legalization?

174

(2)

Depressants

176

(1)

Narcotics

177

(1)

Hallucinogens

177

(1)

Explanation of Drug Abuse

178

(3)

Biological Explanations

178

(1)

Psychological Explanations

179

(1)

Sociological Explanations

179

(2)

The Future of Alcohol and Drug Abuse

181

(7)

Prevention Programs

181

(2)

Treatment Programs

183

(1)

Box 8.3 Critical Thinking and You Calling on a Higher Power or Using Self-Reliance? Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs

184

(2)

Summary

186

(1)

Key Terms

187

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

187

(1)

Crime and Criminal Justice

188

(30)

Crime as a Social Problem

190

(2)

Problems with Official Statistics

190

(2)

Defining Crime and Delinquency

192

(1)

Types of Crimes

192

(11)

Violent Crime

192

(3)

Box 9.1 Social Problems in the Media Murder in the Media: Framing News Stories to Get Attention

195

(3)

Property Crime

198

(2)

Occupational (White-Collar) Crime

200

(1)

Corporate Crime

200

(1)

Box 9.2. Social Problems in Global Perspective Who Am I? Identity Theft in the Global Village

201

(1)

Organized Crime

202

(1)

Juvenile Delinquency

202

(1)

Who Commits Crimes?

203

(1)

Biological and Psychological Explanations of Crime

204

(2)

Biological Explanations

204

(1)

Psychological Explanations

205

(1)

Sociological Explanations of Crime

206

(4)

The Functionalist Perspective

206

(2)

The Conflict Perspective

208

(1)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

208

(2)

The Criminal Justice System

210

(8)

The Police

210

(1)

The Courts

211

(1)

Punishment and the Prisons

212

(1)

The Death Penalty

213

(1)

Box 9.3 Social Problems and Social Policy Crime Prevention or the Prison-Industrial Complex?

214

(1)

Summary

215

(2)

Key Terms

217

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

217

(1)

Health Care Problems of Physical and Mental Illness

218

(24)

Health Care as a Social Problem

219

(6)

Acute and Chronic Diseases and Disability

222

(1)

Box 10.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective Global Enemies of Health: The Double Burden of Low-Income Nations

222

(2)

The AIDS Crisis

224

(1)

Mental Illness as a Social Problem

225

(4)

Treatment of Mental Illness

225

(3)

Race, Class, Gender, and Mental Disorders

228

(1)

The Crisis in U.S. Health Care

229

(8)

Health-Care Organization, Rising Costs, and Unequal Access

230

(1)

Box 10.2 Social Problems and Social Policy Who Pays for Health Care? A Brief Look at Canada, the United Kingdom, and Sweden

230

(4)

The Uninsured and the Underinsured

234

(1)

Race, Class, Gender, and Health Care

234

(1)

Box 10.3 Social Problems and Statistics Families without Health Insurance

235

(2)

Sociological Explanations for Health-Care Problems

237

(5)

The Functionalist Perspective

237

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

238

(1)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

239

(1)

Summary

240

(1)

Key Terms

241

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

241

(1)

The Changing Family

242

(24)

The Nature of Families

243

(5)

Changing Family Structure and Patterns

244

(1)

Are U.S. Families in Decline?

244

(1)

Changing Views on Marriage and Families

245

(2)

Box 11.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective The Changing Family around the World

247

(1)

Sociological Perspectives on Family-Related Problems

248

(2)

Functionalist Perspectives

248

(1)

Conflict and Feminist Perspectives

249

(1)

Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

249

(1)

Diversity in Intimate Relationships and Families

250

(4)

Singlehood

250

(1)

Postponing Marriage

251

(1)

Cohabitation and Domestic Partnerships

251

(1)

Dual-Earner Marriages

252

(1)

Comparing Two-Parent and One-Parent Households

253

(1)

Child-Related Family Issues

254

(4)

Reproductive Freedom, Contraception, and Abortion

254

(1)

Infertility and New Reproductive Technologies

255

(1)

Adoption

256

(1)

Teen Pregnancies and Unmarried Motherhood

257

(1)

Divorce and Remarriage

258

(2)

Box 11.2 Social Problems and Statistics The Odds of Getting Divorced

259

(1)

Domestic Violence

260

(2)

Child Abuse

260

(1)

Spouse Abuse

261

(1)

Social Responses to Domestic Violence

262

(1)

Family-Related Problems in the Twenty-First Century

262

(4)

Box 11.3 Social Problems and Social Policy Paying for Child Care? ``It Takes a Village. . . .''

263

(1)

Summary

264

(1)

Key Terms

265

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

265

(1)

Problems in Education

266

(22)

Sociological Perspectives on Education

268

(5)

Functionalist Perspectives

268

(1)

Conflict Perspectives

269

(1)

Box 12.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective Education in Japan: Cramming for Success and Corporate Profits

269

(2)

Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

271

(2)

Problems in U.S. Education

273

(5)

What Can Be Done about Illiteracy?

273

(1)

Immigration and Increasing Diversity in Schools

273

(2)

Educational Opportunities and Race, Class, and Gender

275

(2)

School Violence

277

(1)

Problems in School Financing

278

(3)

Box 12.2 Social Problems in the Media Ads and Obesity in the Classroom: Channel One

279

(2)

Problems in Higher Education

281

(2)

The Soaring Cost of a College Education

281

(1)

The Continuing Debate over Affirmative Action

282

(1)

Educational Problems in the Twenty-First Century

283

(5)

Box 12.3 Social Problems and Statistics Does Spending More Money Guarantee a Better Education?

284

(1)

Summary

284

(2)

Key Terms

286

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

287

(1)

Problems in Politics and the Global Economy

288

(22)

Three Major Modern Economic Systems

288

(3)

Capitalism

290

(1)

Socialism

290

(1)

Mixed Economies

291

(1)

Problems in the Global Economy

291

(2)

Inequality Based on Uneven Economic Development

291

(1)

Transnational Corporations and the Lack of Accountability

292

(1)

Problems in the U.S. Economy

293

(1)

Concentration of Wealth

293

(6)

Box 13.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective The Malling of China: Transnational Corporations and Global Consumerism

294

(2)

The National Debt and Consumer Debt

296

(1)

Corporate Welfare

297

(1)

Box 13.2 Critical Thinking and You Are You a Conservative or a Liberal? The Language of the Political Economy

298

(1)

Problems in Political Participation Around the World

299

(1)

Problems in U.S. Politics

300

(5)

Voter Apathy and the Gender Gap

300

(1)

Politics and Money in Political Campaigns

301

(1)

Government by Special-Interest Groups

302

(1)

Box 13.3 Social Problems and Social Policy ``He Who Pays the Piper, Calls the Piper's Tune?'' Passing Campaign Finance Reform

303

(1)

Government by Bureaucracy

303

(1)

The Military-Industrial Complex

304

(1)

Sociological Perspectives on the Political Economy

305

(2)

The Functionalist Perspective

306

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

306

(1)

Problems in Politics and the Economy in the Twenty-First Century

307

(3)

Summary

308

(1)

Key Terms

309

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

309

(1)

Problems in the Media

310

(20)

The Importance of the Media in Contemporary Life

311

(1)

The Political Economy of Media Industries

312

(4)

Media Ownership and Control

313

(2)

Problems Associated with Convergence

315

(1)

Global Media Issues

316

(4)

Box 14.1 Critical Thinking and You Where Does Your News Come From? Should You Care?

317

(2)

Box 14.2 Social Problems in Global Perspective Skewed Depictions of Africa in the Media

319

(1)

Potential Media Effects

320

(3)

Aggression, Violence, and the Media

320

(1)

Perpetuation of Race and Gender Stereotypes in the Media

321

(2)

Sociological Perspectives on Media-Related Problems

323

(4)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

324

(1)

The Functionalist Perspective

325

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

326

(1)

The Media in the Twenty-First Century

327

(3)

Summary

327

(2)

Key Terms

329

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

329

(1)

Population, Global Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis

330

(26)

Global Overpopulation

331

(8)

Population Growth

332

(2)

The Impact of Population Growth

334

(1)

Box 15.1 Social Problems in Global Perspective International Migration: Problem or Solution?

334

(2)

World Hunger

336

(3)

Controlling Fertility

339

(1)

Family Planning

339

(1)

Zero Population Growth

340

(1)

Immigration and Its Consequences

340

(2)

Population and the Environment

342

(8)

Box 15.2 Social Problems in the Media Children in the Trunk? Framing Ads to Discourage Illegal Border Crossings

342

(1)

Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation

343

(1)

Air Pollution

344

(3)

Problems with Water, Soil, and Forests

347

(1)

Solid, Toxic, and Nuclear Wastes

348

(2)

Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment

350

(3)

The Functionalist Perspective

350

(1)

Box 15.3 Critical Thinking and You Do We Have a Problem or Not? Learning from Environmental Sociology

351

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

352

(1)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

352

(1)

Population and the Environment in the Twenty-First Century

353

(3)

Summary

354

(1)

Key Terms

355

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

355

(1)

Urban Problems

356

(22)

Changes in U.S. Cities

358

(2)

Early Urban Growth and Social Problems

358

(1)

Contemporary Urban Growth

358

(2)

Urban Problems in the United States

360

(10)

Fiscal Crisis in the Cities

360

(2)

The Crisis in Health Care

362

(1)

Housing Problems

362

(2)

Box 16.1 Social Problems in the Media Media Framing of Stories about Homelessness and the Holidays

364

(3)

Box 16.2 Social Problems and Social Policy Persons Living with HIV/AIDS and Homelessness: What Should the Government Do?

367

(1)

Racial and Ethnic Segregation

368

(2)

Problems in Global Cities

370

(3)

Sociological Perspectives on Urban Problems

373

(2)

The Functionalist Perspective

373

(1)

The Conflict Perspective

373

(1)

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

374

(1)

Urban Problems in the Twenty-First Century

375

(3)

Summary

376

(1)

Key Terms

377

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

377

(1)

Global Social Problems: War and Terrorism

378

(20)

War as a Social Problem

380

(5)

The Nature of War

380

(1)

The Consequences of War

381

(1)

Box 17.1 Social Problems in the Media ``Weapons of Mass Destruction'': Political Spin and Media Framing of a War

382

(3)

Military Technology and War

385

(2)

Global Terrorism

387

(1)

Terrorism in the United States

388

(1)

Explanations of War and Terrorism

389

(4)

Biological Perspectives

389

(1)

Psychological Perspectives

390

(1)

Sociological Explanations

391

(1)

The Conflict and Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

392

(1)

War and Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century

393

(5)

Box 17.2 Social Problems and Social Policy Does the USA Patriot Act Protect Us or Threaten Our Liberties? Ask Your Librarian

394

(1)

Summary

394

(3)

Key Terms

397

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

397

(1)

Can, Social Problems Be Solved?

398

(23)

Box 18.1 Social Problems in the Media Covering the Hurricane Katrina Disaster: Journalists as Advocates in New Orleans

400

(2)

The Problem with Tackling Social Problems

402

(1)

Social Change and Reducing Social Problems

403

(1)

Microlevel Attempts to Solve Social Problems

403

(2)

Seeking Individual Solutions to Personal Problems

404

(1)

Limitations on the Microlevel Solutions Approach

405

(1)

Midrange Attempts to Solve Social Problems

405

(4)

Groups That Help People Cope with Their Problems

405

(1)

Grassroots Groups That Work for Community-Based Change

406

(2)

Limitations on the Midlevel Solutions Approach

408

(1)

Macrolevel Attempts to Solve Social Problems

409

(4)

Working through Special-Interest Groups for Political Change

409

(1)

Working through National and International Social Movements to Reduce Problems

410

(2)

Limitations of the Macrolevel Solution Approach

412

(1)

Final Review of Social Theories and Social Problems

413

(8)

Box 18.2 Critical Thinking and You Applying Sociology to the Ordinary and the Extraordinary in Everyday Life

414

(3)

Summary

417

(2)

Key Terms

419

(1)

Questions for Critical Thinking

419

(2)

Glossary

421

(8)

References

429

(24)

Name Index

453

(8)

Subject Index

461

(12)

Credits

473

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Social Problems in a Diverse Society (Book Alone)

Social Problems in a Diverse Society (Book Alone)

9780205482641

0205482643

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Social Problems in a Diverse Society (Book Alone)

Social Problems in a Diverse Society (Book Alone)

9780205482641

0205482643

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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