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Communication : Making Connections

by: Seiler, William J.; Beall, Melissa L.

Communication : Making Connections

by: Seiler, William J.; Beall, Melissa L.

ISBN 13:
9780205392391
ISBN 10:
0205392393
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2005
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

Lively, clear, and geared to students' needs, Communication: Making Connections directs students on a path to becoming more skilled, educated, and competent communicators in their everyday lives. Centered on the authors' belief that communication is about connecting, linking, sharing, participating, bonding, coupling, and joining with others, this text introduces students to the skills and theory of communication.

Preface

xvii

About the Authors

xxx

PART ONE Making Connections through Communication

Connecting Process and Principles

(27)

Communication in the Workplace

(1)

What Is Communication?

(2)

Why Should We Study Communication?

(6)

Communication and Career Development

(1)

Communication and Ethical Behavior

(1)

Communication and Our Multicultural Society

(2)

Communication and Our Technological Society

(2)

Principles of Communication

(4)

Communication Is a Process

(1)

Communication Is a System

(1)

Communication Is Both Interactional and Transactional

(1)

Communication Can Be Intentional or Unintentional

(2)

Essential Components of Communication

(5)

Source

(1)

Message

(1)

Interference

(1)

Channel

(1)

Receiver

(1)

Feedback

(1)

Environment

(1)

Context

(1)

Types of Communication

(3)

Intrapersonal Communication

(1)

Interpersonal Communication

(1)

Public Communication

(1)

Mass and Mediated Communication

(1)

Misconceptions about Communication

(2)

Myth 1: Communication Is a Cure-All

(1)

Myth 2: Quantity Means Quality

(1)

Myth 3: Meaning Is in the Words We Use

(1)

Myth 4: We Have a Natural Ability to Communicate

(1)

Myth 5: Communication Is Reversible

(1)

Improving Communication Competence

(1)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Starters

(1)

Answers and Explanations

(1)

Notes

(1)

Connecting Perceptions and Communication

(26)

Perception and Communication

(2)

Understanding Perception

(1)

Awareness

(1)

Cognitive Process

(1)

Verbal Communication

(1)

The Nature of Perception

(7)

Selection

(1)

Organization

(2)

Interpretation

(3)

Perceptual Differences

(9)

Perceptual Set

(1)

Attribution Error

(1)

Physical Characteristics

(1)

Psychological State

(1)

Cultural Background

(3)

Gender

(1)

Media

(1)

Internet

(1)

Improving Perception Competencies and Perception Checking

(3)

Become an Active Perceiver

(1)

Recognize That Each Person's Frame of Reference Is Unique

(1)

Distinguish Facts from Inferences

(1)

Become Aware of the Role Perceptions Play in Communication

(1)

Keep an Open Mind

(1)

Perception Checking: Being a Competent Communicator

(1)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Starters

(1)

Notes

(1)

Connecting Self and Communication

(24)

Understanding Self-Concept

(8)

Self-Concept as a Process

(1)

Development of Self-Concept

(4)

The Hierarchy of Self-Concept

(2)

Communication and Self-Concept

(2)

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Impression Management

(2)

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

(1)

Impression Management

(1)

Culture and Self-Concept

(2)

Gender and Self-Concept

(4)

Sex and Gender

(1)

Gender Stereotypes

(1)

Gender Expectations

(2)

Enhancing Self-Concept

(1)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Starters

(1)

Notes

(2)

Connecting through Verbal Communication

(30)

The Importance of Language

(3)

Language Is Powerful

(2)

Language Affects Thought

(1)

The Elements of Language

(8)

Sounds

(1)

Words

(1)

Grammar

(1)

Meaning

(7)

Language-Based Barriers to Communication

(8)

Meanings Can Be Misunderstood

(2)

Language Can Shape Our Attitudes

(1)

Language Can Cause Polarization

(1)

Language Can Be Sexist

(3)

Culture Affects Language Use

(1)

How to Use Language Effectively

100

(6)

Use Accurate Language

100

(2)

Use Vivid Language

102

(1)

Use Immediate Language

103

(1)

Use Appropriate Language

104

(1)

Use Metaphorical Language

104

(2)

Summary

106

(1)

Discussion Starters

106

(1)

Notes

107

(1)

Connecting through Nonverbal Communication

108

(30)

What Is Nonverbal Communication?

110

(1)

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

111

(4)

Nonverbal Communication Occurs Constantly

111

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Depends on Context

112

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Is More Believable than Verbal Communication

112

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Is a Primary Means of Expression

113

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Is Related to Culture

114

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous

114

(1)

Functions of Nonverbal Communication

115

(3)

Complementing Verbal Behavior

115

(1)

Repeating Verbal Behavior

116

(1)

Regulating Verbal Behavior

116

(1)

Substituting for Verbal Behavior

116

(1)

Deceiving

116

(2)

Types of Nonverbal Communication

118

(14)

Facial Expressions and Body Movements

118

(5)

Physical Characteristics

123

(2)

Touch

125

(2)

Space

127

(2)

Time

129

(1)

Paralanguage/Vocalics

129

(1)

Silence

130

(1)

Smell

131

(1)

Artifacts

131

(1)

Environment

132

(1)

Interpreting and Improving Nonverbal Communication

132

(3)

Improving Our Interpretation of Nonverbal Communication

133

(1)

Improving the Nonverbal Communication We Send

134

(1)

Summary

135

(1)

Discussion Starters

136

(1)

Notes

136

(2)

Connecting Listening and Thinking in the Communication Process

138

(24)

The Importance of Effective Listening

141

(2)

Listening and Hearing: Is There a Difference?

143

(1)

The Stages of Effective Listening

144

(4)

Hearing

144

(1)

Understanding

145

(1)

Remembering

145

(1)

Interpreting

145

(1)

Evaluating

145

(1)

Responding: Sending Feedback

146

(2)

The Functions of Listening

148

(2)

Listening to Obtain Information

149

(1)

Listening to Evaluate

149

(1)

Listening with Empathy

149

(1)

Listening for Enjoyment

150

(1)

Barriers to Effective Listening

150

(3)

Considering the Topic or Speaker Uninteresting

150

(1)

Criticizing the Speaker Instead of the Message

151

(1)

Concentrating on Details, Not Main Ideas

151

(1)

Avoiding Difficult Listening Situations

151

(1)

Tolerating or Failing to Adjust to Distractions

152

(1)

Faking Attention

152

(1)

Critical Listening and Critical Thinking: Analyzing and Evaluating Messages

153

(2)

Assessing the Speaker's Motivation

154

(1)

Judging the Accuracy of the Speaker's Conclusions

155

(1)

Improving Listening Competence

155

(1)

Listening and Technology

156

(2)

Intercultural Listening

158

(1)

Summary

159

(1)

Discussion Starters

160

(1)

Notes

160

(2)

PART TWO Connecting in the Public Context

Selecting a Topic and Relating to the Audience

162

(28)

Selecting a Speech Topic

165

(8)

Selecting an Appropriate Topic

166

(1)

Techniques for Finding a Topic

167

(5)

Assessing the Appropriateness of a Topic

172

(1)

Narrowing the Topic

173

(1)

Determining the General Purpose, Specific Purpose, and Thesis of a Speech

173

(6)

The General Purpose

174

(2)

The Specific Purpose

176

(2)

The Thesis

178

(1)

Relating to the Audience

179

(10)

Understanding the Audience's Point of View

180

(1)

Captive versus Voluntary Participants

180

(1)

Key Audience Information

181

(4)

Ways to Learn about the Audience

185

(4)

Summary

189

(1)

Discussion Starters

189

(1)

Notes

189

(1)

Gathering and Using Information

190

(24)

Gathering Information

192

(8)

Using Yourself as a Source of Information

192

(1)

The Interview as a Source of Information

193

(2)

The Library as a Source of Information

195

(1)

Electronic Information Sources

196

(1)

Surfing the Web: The Internet as a Source of Information

197

(3)

Suggestions for Doing Research

200

(1)

Using Research to Support and Clarify Ideas

200

(11)

Testimony

203

(2)

Examples

205

(2)

Definitions

207

(1)

Statistics

208

(3)

Summary

211

(1)

Discussion Starters

212

(1)

Notes

212

(2)

Organizing and Outlining Your Speech

214

(36)

Organize the Body of Your Speech

216

(11)

Develop the Main Points

217

(3)

Order the Main Points

220

(6)

Connect the Main Points

226

(1)

Support the Main Points

227

(1)

Organize the Introduction of Your Speech

227

(6)

Orient the Audience to the Topic

228

(2)

Motivate the Audience to Listen

230

(1)

Forecast the Main Points

231

(2)

Organize the Conclusion of Your Speech

233

(3)

Show That You Are Finishing the Speech

234

(1)

Make Your Thesis Clear

234

(1)

Review the Main Points

234

(1)

End with a Memorable Thought

234

(2)

Outline Your Speech

236

(12)

The Preliminary Outline

237

(1)

The Full-Sentence Outline

238

(5)

The Presentational Outline

243

(5)

Summary

248

(1)

Discussion Starters

248

(1)

Answers and Explanations

248

(1)

Notes

248

(2)

Managing Anxiety and Delivering Your Speech

250

(36)

Qualities of Effective Speakers

252

(4)

Ethics

252

(1)

Knowledge

253

(1)

Preparation

254

(2)

Self-Confidence

256

(1)

Managing Speech Anxiety

256

(7)

Communication Apprehension

257

(1)

Symptoms of Speech Anxiety

257

(1)

Causes of Speech Anxiety

258

(1)

Speech Anxiety and Other Cultures

259

(1)

Treating Speech Anxiety

260

(3)

Methods of Delivery

263

(4)

Impromptu Delivery

265

(1)

Manuscript Delivery

265

(1)

Memorized Delivery

265

(1)

Extemporaneous Delivery

266

(1)

Vocal and Physical Aspects of Delivery

267

(7)

Vocal Aspects

267

(3)

Physical Aspects

270

(4)

Presentational Aids

274

(10)

Choosing and Using Presentational Aids

275

(1)

Kinds of Presentational Aids

275

(5)

Methods of Presentation

280

(2)

Computer-Generated Presentational Aids

282

(1)

Developing Presentational Aids

283

(1)

Your Delivery

284

(1)

Summary

284

(1)

Discussion Starters

285

(1)

Notes

285

(1)

Informative Speaking

286

(30)

Information and Power

288

(2)

Distinctions between Informative and Persuasive Speaking

290

(1)

Topics for Informative Speeches

290

(5)

Objects

292

(1)

Processes

292

(1)

Events

293

(1)

Concepts

293

(2)

Preparing and Developing an Informative Speech

295

(10)

Gain and Maintain Audience Attention

295

(3)

Increase Understanding of the Topic

298

(4)

Hints for Effective Informative Speaking

302

(3)

Evaluating the Informative Speech

305

(4)

Topic

305

(1)

General Requirements

306

(1)

Audience Analysis

306

(1)

Supporting Materials

307

(1)

Organization

307

(1)

Delivery

308

(1)

Language Choice

308

(1)

A Sample Informative Speech with Commentary

309

(4)

Analysis and Evaluation

312

(1)

Summary

313

(1)

Discussion Starters

314

(1)

Notes

314

(1)

Appendix: Informative Speech Topics

315

(1)

Persuasive Speaking

316

(32)

The Goal of Persuasive Speaking

318

(2)

Topics for Persuasive Speeches

320

(5)

Questions of Fact

321

(1)

Questions of Value

322

(2)

Questions of Policy

324

(1)

Persuasive Claims

325

(1)

Establishing Credibility

326

(3)

Competence

327

(1)

Character

328

(1)

Charisma

328

(1)

Becoming Effective Consumers of Persuasion

329

(1)

Preparing and Developing a Persuasive Speech

330

(5)

Researching the Topic

331

(1)

Organizing the Speech

331

(1)

Supporting Materials

331

(4)

Persuasive Strategies

335

(1)

Fallacies in Argument Development

335

(3)

Fallacies of Reason

336

(1)

Fallacies of Evidence

336

(2)

Evaluating the Persuasive Speech

338

(4)

Topic

338

(1)

General Requirements

338

(1)

Audience Analysis

338

(1)

Supporting Materials

339

(1)

Organization

339

(1)

Delivery

340

(1)

Language Choice

340

(2)

A Sample Persuasive Speech with Commentary

342

(4)

Evaluation and Analysis

345

(1)

Summary

346

(1)

Discussion Starters

346

(1)

Notes

346

(1)

Appendix: Persuasive Speech Topics

347

(1)

PART THREE Connecting in Relational Contexts

Interpersonal Communication

348

(28)

Interpersonal Communication and Relationships

350

(6)

Motivation and Need to Form Relationships

352

(1)

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

352

(1)

Predicted Outcome Value Theory

353

(1)

Social Exchange Theory

353

(1)

Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Theory

354

(2)

Relationships: Getting to Know Others and Getting to Know Ourselves

356

(6)

Learning about Others through Face-to-Face Relationships

356

(3)

Learning about Others through Online Relationships

359

(3)

Self-Disclosure in Relationships

362

(10)

Self-Disclosure: The Process

362

(1)

Johari Window Model

363

(2)

Social Penetration Model

365

(1)

Why Do We Self-Disclose?

366

(1)

When Shouldn't We Self-Disclose Too Much?

366

(1)

Self-Disclosure, Privacy, and Gender

367

(2)

Cultural Issues in Self-Disclosure

369

(1)

Rhetorical Sensitivity

370

(1)

General Conclusions about Self-Disclosure

371

(1)

Summary

372

(1)

Discussion Starters

373

(1)

Notes

374

(2)

Developing Relationships

376

(34)

Forming and Dissolving Relationships

379

(16)

Interpersonal Attraction

379

(1)

Physical Attributes

380

(2)

Meeting on the Internet

382

(1)

Knapp's Stages of Coming Together

383

(3)

Knapp's Stages of Coming Apart

386

(4)

Duck's Phases of Dissolution

390

(2)

Dialectical Theory: Push and Pull

392

(2)

Managing Relational Tensions

394

(1)

Interpersonal Conflict

395

(8)

What Causes Conflict?

395

(2)

Does Conflict Have to Be Destructive?

397

(1)

When Is Conflict Beneficial?

398

(1)

What Are Useful Strategies for Conflict Management or Resolution in Interpersonal Relationships?

399

(3)

Signs That Show a Relationship Is in Trouble

402

(1)

Relational Repair Strategies

403

(1)

Improving Communication Competence in Relationships

403

(3)

Establish Supportive and Caring Relationships

404

(1)

Nurture a Supportive Environment

405

(1)

Invite More Communication

406

(1)

Summary

406

(1)

Discussion Starters

407

(1)

Notes

407

(3)

Group and Team Communication

410

(26)

Small-Group Communication: Making the Connection

412

(1)

What Is a Group?

413

(1)

Group Formation: Why Do People Join Groups?

414

(2)

Types and Purposes of Small Groups

416

(3)

Primary Groups

416

(1)

Secondary Groups

417

(2)

Project or Work Teams

419

(3)

Characteristics of Small Groups

422

(4)

Interdependence

422

(1)

Commitment

422

(1)

Cohesiveness

423

(1)

Group Size

423

(1)

Group Norms

424

(1)

Group Culture

425

(1)

Gender Differences in Group Communication

426

(1)

Ethical Behavior in Group Communication

427

(1)

Technology and Groups

428

(2)

Disadvantages of Small Groups

430

(3)

Going Along to Get Along

430

(2)

Time Consuming

432

(1)

Varying Communication Styles

432

(1)

Unfair Workloads

432

(1)

Pressure to Fail

433

(1)

Grouphate Phenomenon

433

(1)

Summary

433

(1)

Discussion Starters

434

(1)

Notes

434

(2)

Participating in Groups and Teams

436

(27)

Team Building

438

(2)

Setting Goals

438

(1)

Determining Roles

439

(1)

Leadership

440

(6)

Leading a Group

440

(1)

Leadership Styles and Behavior

441

(3)

Leadership and Gender Differences

444

(2)

Conducting a Meeting

446

(1)

Member Participation

447

(3)

Roles of Group Members

447

(1)

Contributions of Group Members

448

(2)

Problem Solving and Decision Making

450

(6)

Determining the Problem

450

(1)

Discussing the Problem

451

(1)

Applying Reflexive Thinking to Problem Solving and Decision Making

452

(2)

Brainstorming

454

(1)

Brainstorming via Technology

454

(1)

Reaching Group Consensus

455

(1)

Managing Group Conflict

456

(3)

Conflict and Group Communication

456

(2)

Managing Conflict

458

(1)

Ethical Behavior and Conflict

459

(1)

Evaluating Small-Group Performance

459

(1)

Summary

460

(1)

Discussion Starters

461

(1)

Notes

461

(2)

Connecting to Mediated and Mass Communication available online at www.ablongman.com/seiler6e

Mediated Communication

Interpersonal and Group Messages

Ethics and Chat Rooms

Keep Your Perspective!

Public Messages

Mass Communication

Historical Perspective

Books

Newspapers

Magazines

Movies

Radio

Television

The Music Industry

The Internet

Distance Education

Summary

Discussion Starters

Notes

Connecting in the Organizational Context available online at www.ablongman.com/seiler6e

Organizations---What are They?

Organizational Communication

The Role of Organizations

Theories of Managing People in Organizations

Organizational Culture

Narratives and Stories

Rites and Rituals

Material Symbols

The Role of Technology in Today's Organizations

Issues Facing Organizations

Summary

Key Terms

Discussion Starters

Notes

APPENDIX Employment Interviewing: Preparing for Your Future

463

(22)

Preparing for Your Career

465

(1)

Career Research on the Internet

466

(1)

Choosing a Career

467

(1)

Qualities Employers Seek

467

(2)

Preparation for an Interview

469

(8)

Writing a Resume

469

(6)

Searching the Job Market

475

(1)

Researching the Company via the Internet

475

(1)

Developing Questions to Ask the Interviewer

476

(1)

How to Dress for an Interview

477

(1)

The Interview

477

(4)

Frequently Asked Questions

478

(3)

Other Considerations

481

(1)

Factors Leading to Rejection

481

(1)

Factors Leading to Job Offers

482

(1)

Summary

482

(1)

Discussion Starters

483

(1)

Notes

483

(2)

Index

485

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Communication : Making Connections

Communication : Making Connections

9780205392391

0205392393

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Communication : Making Connections

Communication : Making Connections

9780205392391

0205392393

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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