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Courts, Judges, and Politics

by: Murphy, Walter; Pritchett, C. Herman; Epstein, Lee; Knight, Jack

Courts, Judges, and Politics

by: Murphy, Walter; Pritchett, C. Herman; Epstein, Lee; Knight, Jack

ISBN 13:
9780072977059
ISBN 10:
0072977051
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 04/19/2005
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

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Summary

This classic reader has been a best selling component of the Judicial Process/Judicial Politics/American Legal System course for years. The sixth edition has been thoroughly updated while retaining the features that made it attractive for so long: its effective structure, thorough coverage, narrative voice, choice of excerpts, and teaching flexibility.

Part One THE NATURE OF JUDGING

Chapter 1. Political Jurisprudence

(35)

CIVIL AND COMMON LAW SYSTEMS

(3)

The Civil Law

(1)

The Common Law

(1)

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LAW: SCHOOL OF JURISPRUDENCE

(4)

Natural Law

(1)

Legal Positivism

(1)

The Debate

(3)

THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF DECLARATORY THEORY

(2)

EMERGING CHALLENGES: SOCIOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND LEGAL REALISM

(3)

CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARSHIP: THE DEBATE CONTINUES

(3)

Realism's Progeny and Critics

(2)

Social Science and the Growth of Political Jurisprudence

(1)

WHAT IS TO COME

(3)

Selected References

(2)

READINGS

1.1 Sir William Blackstone, COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF ENGLAND

(1)

1.2 Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist, No.78

(1)

1.3 Alexis de Tocqueville, JUDICIAL POWER IN THE UNITED STATES

(3)

1.4 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., THE PATH OF THE LAW

(3)

1.5 Benjamin N. Cardozo, THE NATURE OF THE JUDICIAL PROCESS

(4)

1.6 Mary E. Becker, OBSCURING THE STRUGGLE: SEX DISCRIMINATION, SOCIAL SECURITY, AND STONE, SEIDMAN, SUNSTEIN, AND TUSHNET'S CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

(4)

Chapter 2. Courts in Constitutional Democracies

(39)

THE ORIGINS OF COURTS

(6)

Distinctive Characteristics of Judicial Processes

(4)

THE ROLES OF COURTS

(9)

Resolving Disputes

(1)

Making Policy

(1)

Monitoring Governmental Action

(1)

Judicial Review in the United States

(1)

Judicial Review Abroad

(3)

To What Extent Does Judical Review Present a Paradox?

(2)

THE EXPANSION OF JUDICIAL POWER?

(3)

SELECTED REFERENCES

(2)

READINGS

2.1 Lynn Mather, THE FIRED FOOTBALL COACH (OR, HOW TRIAL COURTS MAKE POLICY)

(3)

2.2 Marbury v. Madison (1803)

(4)

2.3 Eakin v. Raub (1825)

(2)

2.4 Robert A. Dahl, DECISION MAKING IN A DEMOCRACY: THE SUPREME COURT AS A NATIONAL POLICY MAKER

(3)

2.5 D. Casper, THE SUPREME COURT AND NATIONAL POLICY MAKING

(7)

Part Two THE AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEM

Chapter 3. Judicial Organization

(64)

ESTABLISHING THE U.S. LEGAL SYSTEM

(5)

Article III

(2)

The Judiciary Act of 1789

(2)

Judicial Federalism

(1)

TODAY'S SYSTEM OF FEDERAL COURTS

(8)

The U.S. Supreme Court

(2)

Reforming the Federal Courts: The Caseload "Problem"

(2)

STATE COURTS

(2)

A NEW JUDICIAL FEDERALISM

(8)

Reviewing the Decisions of State Supreme Courts

(4)

Issuing Injunctions

(1)

Restricting Habeas Corpus

(2)

Limiting Exceptions to the Eleventh Amendment

(1)

SELECTED REFERENCES

100

(3)

READINGS

3.1 Judiciary Act of 1789, section 25

103

(1)

3.2 Jonathan Matthew Lohen, INSIDE APPELLATE COURTS

103

(6)

3.3 C.K. Rowland and Robert Carp, POLITICS AND JUDGMENT ON THE FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS

109

(4)

3.4 Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr., THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TRIAL JUDGE

113

(2)

3.5 J. Woodford Howard, Jr., LITIGATION FLOW IN THREE UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS

115

(2)

3.6 Victor Williams, SOLUTIONS TO FEDERAL JUDICIAL GRIDLOCK, versus John O. Newman, 1,000 JUDGES-THE LIMIT FOR AN EFFECTIVE FEDERAL JUDICIARY

117

(4)

3.7 Robert A. Kagan, Bliss Cartwright, Lawrence M. Friedman, and Stanton Wheeler, THE EVOLUTION OF STATE SUPREME COURTS

121

(8)

3.8 William J. Brennan, GUARDIANS OF OUR LIBERTIES-STATE COURTS NO LESS THAN FEDERAL

129

(3)

3.9 Goodrich v. Department of Public Health

132

(9)

Chapter 4. Judicial Selection and Retention

141

(71)

SELECTION OF FEDERAL JUDGES

142

(10)

Presidential Considerations

144

(2)

Professional Qualifications

146

(1)

Confirmation

147

(4)

The Behavior of Judicial Appointees

151

(1)

JUDICIAL SELECTION IN THE STATES

152

(3)

Debates over States Selection Systems

154

(1)

DISCIPLINING JUDGES

155

(4)

Federal Judges

156

(1)

State Judges

157

(2)

SELECTED REFERENCES

159

(3)

READINGS

4.1 Sheldon Goldman, Elliot Slotnick, Gerard Gryski, Gary Zuk, and Sara Schiavoni, THE COMPOSITION OF THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY

162

(2)

4.2 Sheldon Goldman, PICKING FEDERAL JUDGES (WITH A POSTSCRIPT ON THE GEORGE W. BUSH ADMINISTRATION)

164

(8)

4.3 Neil Lewis, PARTISANSHIP AND THE APPOINTMENT OF FEDERAL JUDGES

172

(7)

4.4 Jason M. Roberts, PARTIES, PRESIDENTS, AND PROCEDURES

179

(7)

4.5 Gregory A. Caldeira and John R. Wright, LOBBYING FOR JUSTICE

186

(7)

4.6 Jeffrey A. Segal, Richard J Timpone, Robert M. Howard, BUYER BEWARE? PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESS THROUGH SUPREME COURT APPOINTMENTS

193

(5)

4.7 Thomas G. Walker and Deborah J. Barrow, THE DIVERSIFICATION OF THE FEDERAL BENCH: POLICY AND PROCESS RAMIFICATIONS

198

(7)

4.8 Thurgood Marshall, COMMENTS ON THE MISSOURI PLAN

205

(4)

4.9 John T. Wold and John H. Culver, THE DEFEAT OF THE CALIFORNIA JUSTICES

209

(3)

Chapter 5. The Bar

212

(41)

BECOMING AN ATTORNEY

212

(3)

Admission to the Bar

213

(2)

THE LAWYER'S WORK

215

(3)

Development of the Bar

215

(1)

The Contemporary Practice of Law

216

(2)

CHALLENGES CONFRONTING THE LEGAL PROFESSION

218

(1)

SELECTED REFERENCES

219

(2)

READINGS

5.1 Scott Turow, ONE L: AN INSIDE ACCOUNT OF LIFE IN THE FIRST YEAR AT HARVARD LAW SCHOOL

221

(8)

5.2 Austin Sarat and William L F. Felstiner, LAW AND STRATEGY IN THE DIVORCE LAWYER'S OFFICE

229

(7)

5.3 Abraham S. Blumberg, THE PRACTICE OF LAW AS A CONFIDENCE GAME

236

(4)

5.4 F. Lee Bailey, THE DEFENSE NEVER RESTS

240

(5)

5.5 Sandra Day O'Connor, PROFESSIONALISM

245

(8)

Part Three JUDICIAL POWER

Chapter 6. Access to Judicial Power

253

(46)

FORMAL BARRIERS TO ENTRY IN THE AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEM

253

(12)

Jurisdiction

254

(2)

Case or Conroversy

256

(1)

Advisory Opinions

256

(5)

Standing

261

(3)

Formal Barriers to Access as Gatekeeping Devices

264

(1)

INFORMAL BARRIERS TO ENTRY

265

(1)

ACCESSING THE LEGAL SYSTEM: WHO USES THE COURTS?

266

(7)

The Strategies of Interest Groups

268

(4)

The Influence of Interest Groups

272

(1)

SELECTED REFERENCES

273

(3)

READINGS

6.1 THE WASHINGTON ADMINISTRATION'S REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION AND THE JUSTICES' RESPONSE

276

(2)

6.2 Roe v. Wade (1973) VERSUS DeFunis v. Odegaard (1974)

278

(3)

6.3 Baker v. Carr (1962)

281

(4)

6.4 Marc Galanter, WHY THE "HAVES" COME OUT AHEAD: SPECULATIONS ON THE LIMITS OF SOCIAL CHANGE

285

(6)

6.5 Clement E. Vose, LITIGATION AS A FORM OF PRESSURE GROUP ACTIVITY

291

(4)

6.6 Gregory A. Caldeira and John R. Wright, ORGANIZED INTERESTS AND AGENDA SETTING IN THE U.S. SUPREME COURT

295

(4)

Chapter 7. Instruments of Judicial Power

299

(30)

WRITS OF CERTIORARI

300

(1)

DECISIONS, OPINIONS, AND ORDERS

301

(1)

THE INJUNCTION

302

(4)

Injunctions and Positive Action

304

(2)

THE CONTEMPT POWER

306

(2)

THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

308

(1)

SELECTED REFERENCES

309

(2)

READINGS

7.1 Texas v. Hopwood (1996)

311

(1)

7.2 Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc. (1994)

312

(5)

7.3 Wyatt v. Stickney (1971) AND Wyatt v. Stickney (1972)

317

(7)

7.4 Illinois v. Allen (1970)

324

(5)

Chapter 8. Limitations on Judicial Power

329

(52)

INTERNAL CHECKS

329

(2)

INSTITUTIONAL CHECKS

331

(3)

CHECKS IMPOSED BY THE AMERICAN SYSTEM OF SEPARATED

INSTITUTIONS

334

(6)

Political Checks by Executives

335

(2)

Legislative Restrictions

337

(3)

CHECKS FROM THE STATES

340

(2)

CHECKS FROM THE PEOPLE

342

(2)

SELECTED REFERENCES

344

(2)

READINGS

8.1 Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)

346

(3)

8.2 Lee Epstein and Jack Knight, THE CHOICES JUSTICES MAKE

349

(5)

8.3 Jeffrey A. Segal, Donald R. Songer, and Charles M. Cameron, DECISION MAKING ON THE U.S. COURTS OF APPEALS

354

(4)

8.4 ANDREW JACKSON'S VETO OF THE BANK BILL

358

(1)

8.5 ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS, MARCH 4, 1861

359

(1)

8.6 Franklin D. Roosevelt, REORGANIZING THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY

360

(3)

8.7 GEORGE W. BUSH'S STATEMENT ON SAME-SEX MARRIAGES (2004)

363

(1)

8.8 Ex Parte McCardle (1869)

364

(2)

8.9 James H. Kuklinski and John E. Stanga, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND GOVERNMENT RESPONSIVENESS: THE BEHAVIOR OF CALIFORNIA SUPERIOR COURTS

366

(4)

8.10 James L. Gibson, Gregory A. Caldeira, and Vanessa Baird, ON THE LEGITIMACY OF NATIONAL HIGH COURTS

370

(11)

Part Four JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING

Chapter 9. Fact Finding in the Courts

381

(57)

THE ADVERSARIAL PROCESS

382

(1)

JURIES

383

(13)

Jury Trials

384

(4)

The Critics and the Defenders of Juries

388

(1)

Standards for Fact Finding

389

(1)

Adjudicative Facts

390

(1)

Legislative Facts and Public Issues

390

(1)

Social and Economic Data

391

(3)

Contemporary Use of Social Science Evidence: The Death Penalty Cases

394

(2)

SELECTED REFERENCES

396

(2)

READINGS

9.1 Marvin E. Frankel, THE ADVERSARY JUDGE: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE TRIAL JUDGE

398

(4)

9.2 Hans Zeisel and Harry Kalven, Jr., THE AMERICAN EXPERIMENT

402

(4)

9.3 Geoffrey Norman, JUROR FUROR

406

(4)

9.4 Clarence Darrow, HOW TO PICK A JURY

410

(2)

9.5 Amitai Etzioni, SCIENCE: THREATENING THE JURY TRIAL

412

(5)

9.6 Michael Saks, THE LIMITS OF SCIENTIFIC JURY SELECTION

417

(2)

9.7 Paul Butler, BLACK JURORS: RIGHT TO ACQUIT?

419

(4)

9.8 Tracey Gilstrap Weiss, THE GREAT DEMOCRATIZING PRINCIPLE: THE EFFECT ON SOUTH AFRICA OF PLANNING A DEMOCRACY WITHOUT A JURY SYSTEM

423

(4)

9.9 MCCLESKEY V. KEMP (1987)

427

(6)

9.10 David C. Baldus, THE DEATH PENALTY DIALOGUE BETWEEN LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

433

(3)

9.11 John C. Jeffries, Jr., LEWIS F. POWELL, JR.

436

(2)

Chapter 10. Precedents and Legal Reasoning

438

(53)

REASONING BY EXAMPLE

439

(1)

RATION DECIDENDI VERSUS DICTA

440

(3)

Dicta

441

(2)

TREATMENT OF PRECEDENT

443

(5)

Distinguishing a Precedent

444

(1)

Limiting a Precedent

444

(1)

Ignoring a Precedent

445

(1)

Overruling a Precedent

446

(1)

Extending a Precedent

447

(1)

PRECEDENTS AND DECISION MAKING

448

(1)

SELECTED REFERENCES

449

(2)

READINGS

10.1 Edward H. Levi, AN INTRODUCTION TO LEGAL REASONING

451

(3)

10.2 Lief H. Carter, REASON IN LAW

454

(5)

10.3 MACPHERSON V. BUICK MOTOR Co. (1916)

459

(3)

10.4 Briefs Filed in U.S. TERM LIMITS V. THORNTON (1995)

462

(5)

10.5 PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA V. CASEY (1992)

467

(9)

10.6 Jeffrey A. Segal and Harold J. Spaeth, THE INFLUENCE OF STARE DECISIS ON THE VOTES OF UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT JUSTICES, VERSUS Jack Knight and Lee Epstein, THE NORM OF STARE DECISIS

476

(8)

10.7 Lewis F. Powell, Jr., STARE DECISIS AND JUDICIAL RESTRAINT

484

(3)

10.8 Ronald Kahn, INSTITUTIONAL NORMS AND SUPREME COURT DECISION MAKING: THE REHNQUIST COURT ON PRIVACY AND RELIGION

487

(4)

Chapter 11. Statutory Interpretation

491

(48)

PLAIN MEANING AND THE PROBLEM OF AMBIGUITY

491

(2)

DEALING WITH AMBIGUITY: THEORIES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION

493

(5)

Legislative Intent

494

(1)

Legislative Purpose

495

(1)

The New Textualism

496

(1)

Dynamic Statutory Interpretation

497

(1)

PRACTICAL MATTERS IN STATUTORY INTERPRETATION

498

(2)

STATUTORY LAW AND JUDICIAL LAW MAKING

500

(1)

SELECTED REFERENCES

501

(2)

READINGS

11.1 Felix Frankfurter, SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE READING OF STATUTES

503

(4)

11.2 SMITH V. UNITED STATES (1993)

507

(3)

11.3 UNITED STEELWORKERS V. WEBER (1979)

510

(14)

11.4 Richard A. Posner, THE FEDERAL COURTS

524

(3)

11.5 Henry M. Hart, Jr., and Albert M. Sachs, THE LEGAL PROCESS

527

(3)

11.6 CONROY V. ANISKOFF (1993)

530

(1)

11.7 Frank H. Easterbrook, STATUTES' DOMAINS

531

(4)

11.8 William N. Eskridge, Jr., DYNAMIC STATUTORY INTERPRETATION

535

(4)

Chapter 12. Constitutional Interpretation

539

(78)

CONSTITUTIONAL TEXTS, CONSTITUTIONS, AND CONSTITUTIONALISM

539

(2)

WHAT IS TO BE INTERPRETED?

541

(1)

WHO SHALL INTERPRET?

542

(2)

HOW SHOULD JUDGES INTERPRET THE CONSTITUTION? INTERPRETIVE STYLE IN THE UNITED STATES

544

(1)

MODES OF INTERPRETATION

545

(12)

The Text

545

(1)

Stare Decisis and Doctrinal Analysis

545

(2)

Original Intent or Understanding

547

(3)

Structural Analysis

550

(1)

Purposive Analysis

551

(3)

Polls of Other Jurisdictions

554

(1)

Polls of Courts Abroad

555

(1)

Balancing of Interests

556

(1)

Cost-Benefit Analysis

556

(1)

CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION AS A FORM OF STATECRAFT

557

(1)

SELECTED REFERENCES

558

(3)

READINGS

12.1 UNITED STATES V. NIXON (1974)

561

(5)

12.2 Antonin Scalia, ORIGINALISM: THE LESSER EVIL

566

(5)

12.3 Robert H. Bork, THE TEMPTING OF AMERICA

571

(8)

12.4 Thurgood Marshall, REFLECTIONS ON THE BICENTENNIAL OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION

579

(3)

12.5 THE STATE V. MAKWANYANE (1995)

582

(3)

12.6 UNITED STATES V. LEON (1984)

585

(6)

12.7 Laurence H. Tribe v. Frank H. Easterbrook, ECONOMIC REASONING AND CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION

591

(9)

12.8 William Rehnquist, THE NOTION OF A LIVING CONSTITUTION

600

(5)

12.9 Ronald Dworkin, TAKING RIGHTS SERIOUSLY

605

(12)

Chapter 13. The Processes of Judicial Decision Making

617

(74)

TRIAL COURTS

617

(3)

INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURTS

620

(2)

STATE SUPREME COURTS

622

(1)

THE U.S. SUPREME COURT

623

(21)

Case Selection

624

(3)

Factors Affecting Selection of Cases

627

(3)

Oral Argument

630

(2)

The Judicial Conference

632

(2)

Writing Opinions

634

(2)

Negotiating and Bargaining

636

(3)

Voting on the Merits

639

(5)

SELECTED REFERENCES

644

(4)

READINGS

13.1 Charles Nesson and Associates, CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE COURTROOM: EXPLORING A HYPOTHETICAL CASE

648

(9)

13.2 James Eisenstein and Herbert Jacob, FELONY JUSTICE

657

(3)

13.3 Frank B. Cross and Emerson H. Tiller, JUDICIAL PARTISANSHIP AND OBEDIENCE TO LEGAL DOCTRINE: WHISTLEBLOWING ON THE FEDERAL COURTS OF APPEALS

660

(5)

13.4 Melinda Gann Hall, CONSTITUENT INFLUENCE IN STATE SUPREME COURTS

665

(5)

13.5 H.W. Perry, DECIDING TO DECIDE

670

(5)

13.6 David J. Danelski, THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE IN THE DECISIONAL PROCESS

675

(9)

13.7 Paul J. Wahlbeck, James F. Spriggs, and Forrest Maltzman, MARSHALLING THE COURT: BARGAINING AND ACCOMMODATION ON THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT

684

(7)

Chapter 14. The Impact of Judicial Decisions

691

(68)

COMPLIANCE AND IMPACT

691

(3)

ANTICIPATED CONSEQUENCES

694

(2)

ACTUAL CONSEQUENCES

696

(3)

EXPLAINING AND ASSESSING EFFECTS

699

(4)

SELECTED REFERENCES

703

(3)

READINGS

14.1 Bradley C. Canon and Charles A. Johnson, JUDICIAL POLICIES: IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACT

706

(8)

14.2 Elliot E. Slotnick and Jennifer A. Segal, TELEVISION NEWS AND THE SUPREME COURT: ALL THE NEWS THAT'S FIT TO AIR?

714

(8)

14.3 BAKER V. CARR (1962)

722

(3)

14.4 Louis Fisher, LEGISLATIVE VETOES, PHOENIX STYLE

725

(2)

14.5 Gerald N. Rosenberg, THE HOLLOW HOPE: CAN COURTS GENERATE SOCIAL CHANGE?

727

(16)

14.6 Michael McCann, REFORM LITIGATION ON TRIAL: REVIEW OF THE HOLLOW HOPE

743

(8)

14.7 Valerie J. Hoekstra, PUBLIC REACTION TO SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

751

(8)

Case Index

759

(4)

Subject Index

763

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Courts, Judges, and Politics

Courts, Judges, and Politics

9780072977059

0072977051

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Courts, Judges, and Politics

Courts, Judges, and Politics

9780072977059

0072977051

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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