9780072565003

From 1500 to the Present, Chapters 23-40 This groundbreaking world history text has, in its first edition, become a market leader by offering a fresh, global perspective on the past. The text is unique in approach; covering the world as a whole, examining the formations and development of the world's major societies ("traditions"), and also systematically exploring cross-cultural interactions and exchanges that have been some of the most effective agents of change in all of world history("encounters"). In addition, the authors have taken great care in constructing a coherent vision of the past that is not weighed down by a mass of detail, thus enabling instructors to incorporate additional readings of their choosing. Finally the text emphasizes that historical processes work themselves out through the lives and experiences of individual human beings, opening each chapter with an account of individual experiences that illuminate themes in that chapter. The second edition includes scholarship updates throughout and revisions to organization and content.

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List of Maps
Preface
A Brief Note on Usage
Acknowledgements
PART V: THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500-1800
Chapter 23:TRANSOCEANIC ENCOUNTERS AND GLOBAL CONNECTIONS
The European Reconnaissance of the Worlds Oceans
Motives for Exploration/The Technology of Exploration/Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic/Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific
Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia
Trading-Post Empires/European Conquests in Southeast Asia/Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years War
Global Exchanges
The Columbian Exchange/The Origins of Global Trade
Chapter 24: THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPE
The Fragmentation of Western Christendom
The Protestant Reformation/The Catholic Reformation/Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars
The Consolidation of Sovereign States
The Attempted Revival of Empire/The New Monarchs/Constitutional States and Absolute Monarchies/The European States System
Early Capitalist Society
Population Growth and Urbanization/Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization/Social Change in Early Modern Europe
Science and Enlightenment
The Reconception of the Universe/The Scientific Revolution/The Enlightenment
Chapter 25: NEW WORLDS: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIA
Colliding Worlds
The Spanish Caribbean/The Conquest of Mexico and Peru/Iberian Empires in the Americas/Settler Colonies in North America
Colonial Society in the Americas
The Formation of Multicultural Societies/Mining and Agricultural in the Spanish Empire/Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil/Fur Traders and Settlers in North America/Christianity and Native Religions in the Americas
Europeans in the Pacific
Australia and the Larger World/The Pacific Islands and the Larger World
Chapter 26: AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD
African Politics and Society in Early Modern Times
The States of West Africa and East Africa/The Kingdoms of Central Africa and South Africa/Islam and Christianity in Early Modern Africa/Social Change in Early Modern Africa
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Foundations of the Slave Trade/Human Cargoes/The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
The African Diaspora
Plantation Societies/The Making of African-American Cultural Traditions/The End of the Slave Trade and the Abolition of Slavery
Chapter 27: TRADITION AND CHANGE IN EAST ASIA
The Quest for Political Stability
The Ming Dynasty/The Qing Dynasty/The Son of Heaven and the Scholar Bureaucrats
Economic and Social Changes
The Patriarchal Family /Population Growth and Economic Development/Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and Mean People
The Confucian Tradition and New Cultural Influences
Neo-Confucianism and Pulp Fiction/The Return of Christianity in China
The Unification of Japan
The Tokugawa Shogunate/Economic and Social Change/Neo-Confucianism and Floating Worlds/Christianity and Dutch Learning
Chapter 28: THE ISLAMIC EMPIRES
Formation of the Islamic Empires
The Ottoman Empire /The Safavid Empire/The Mughal Empire
Imperial Islamic Society
The Dynastic State/Agriculture and Trade/Religious Affairs in the Islamic Empires/Cultural Patronage of the Islamic Emperors
The Empires in Transition
The Deterioration of Imperial Leadership/Economic and Military Decline/Cultural Insularity
Chapter 29: THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN EUROPE AND ASIA
Foundations of the Absolutist State
The Gathering of the Russian Land/The Time of Troubles/Westernization and Empires/A Window on the West/The Limits of Westernization/The Russian Empire in Europe/The Russian Empire in Asia
A Society in Tension
Muscovite Society before Westernization/The Growth of Trade and Industry
Cultural Clashes
Crisis in the Church/Westernization and the Enlightenment in Russia
Part VI: AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY AND EMPIRE, 1750-1914
Chapter 30: REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATES IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD
Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas/The American Revolution/The French Revolution/The Reign of Napoleon
The Influence of Revolution
The Haitian Revolution/Wars of Independence in Latin America/The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and Liberalism/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Slavery/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Womens Rights
The Consolidation of National States in Europe
Nations and Nationalism/The Emergence of National Communities/The Unification of Italy and Germany
Chapter 31: THE MAKING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Patterns of Industrialization
Foundations of Industrialization/The Factory System/The Early Spread of Industrialization/Industrial Capitalism
Industrial Society
The Fruits of Industry/Urbanization and Migration/Industry and Society/The Socialist Challenge
Global Effects of Industrialization
The Continuing Spread of Industrialization/The International Division of Labor
Chapter 32: THE AMERICAS IN THE AGE OF INDEPENDENCE
The Building of American States
The United States: Westward Expansion and Civil War/The Canadian Dominion: Independence Without War/Latin America: Fragmentation and Political Experimentation
American Economic Development
Migration to the Americas/Economic Expansion in the United States/Canadian Prosperity/Latin American Dependence
American Cultural and Social Diversity
Multicultural Society in the United States/Canadian Cultural Contrasts/Ethnicity, Identity, and Gender in Latin America
Chapter 33: SOCIETIES AT CROSSROADS
The Ottoman Empire in Decline
The Nature of Decline/Reform and Reorganization/The Young Turk Era
The Russian Empire Under Pressure
Military Defeat and Social Reform/Industrialization/Repression and Revolution
The Chinese Empire Under Siege
The Opium War and the Unequal Treaties/The Taiping Rebellion/Reform Frustrated/The Transformation of Japan/From Tokugawa to Meiji/Meiji Reforms
Chapter 34: THE BUILDING OF GLOBAL EMPIRES
Foundations of Empire
Motives of Imperialism/Tools of Empire
European Imperialism
The British Empire in India/Imperialism in Central Asia and Southeast Asia/The Scramble for Africa/European Imperialism in the Pacific
The Emergence of New Imperial Powers
U.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific/Imperial Japan
Legacies of Imperialism
Empire and Economy/Labor Migrations/Empire and Society/Nationalism and Anticolonial Movements
PART VII: CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL REALIGNMENTS
Chapter 35: THE GREAT WAR: THE WORLD IN UPHEAVAL
The Drift Toward War
Nationalist Aspirations/National Rivalries/Understandings and Alliances
Global War
The Guns of August/Mutual Butchery/Total War: The Home Front/Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific/Battles in Africa and Southwest Asia
The End of the War
Revolution in Russia/U.S. Intervention and Collapse of the Central Powers/The Paris Peace Conference/Challenges to European Preeminence
Chapter 36: AN AGE OF ANXIETY
Probing Cultural Frontiers
Postwar Pessimism/Revolutions in Physics and Psychology/Experimentation in Art and Architecture
Global Depression
The Great Depression/Despair and Government Action/Economic Experimentation
Challenges to the Liberal Order
Communism in Russia/The Fascist Alternative/Italian Fascism/German National Socialism/Struggles for National Identity in Asia/Indias Quest for Independence/Chinas Search for Order/Imperial Japan
Chapter 37: NEW CONFLAGRATIONS: WORLD WAR II
Origins of World War II
Japans War in China/European Aggression
Total War: The World Under Fire
Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe/The German Invasion of the Soviet Union/Battles in Asia and the Pacific/Defeat of the Axis Powers
Life During Wartime
Occupation, Collaboration, and Resistance/The Holocaust/Women and the War
Neither Peace Nor War
Postwar Settlements and Cold War/Global Reconstruction and the United Nations
Chapter 38: THE BIPOLAR WORLD
The Formation of a Bipolar World
The Cold War in Europe/Confrontations in Korea and Cuba/Cold War Societies/Challenges to Superpower Hegemony/The Peoples Republic of China/Dtente and the Decline of Superpower Influence
The End of the Cold War
Revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe/The Collapse of the Soviet Union/Toward an Uncertain Future
Chapter 39: THE RETREAT FROM EMPIRE
Independence in Asia
Indias Vivisection: Partitioned Independence/Nationalist Struggles in Vietnam/Arab National States and the Problem of Palestine
Decolonization in Africa
Forcing the French out of North Africa/Black African Nationalism and Independence/Freedom and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa
After Independence: Long-term Struggles in the Post-Colonial Era
Communism and Democracy in Asia/Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North Africa/Politics and Economics in Latin America/War and Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa
Chapter 40: A WORLD WITHOUT BORDERS
Economic Growth in Asia/Trading Blocks
Cross-Cultural Exchanges and Global Communications
Global Barbie/Consumption and Cultural Interaction/The Age of Access
Global Problems
Population Pressures and Environmental Degradation/Economic Inequities and Labor Servitude/Global Diseases/International Organizations
Crossing Boundaries
Womens Traditions and Feminist Challenges/Migration/Cross-Cultural Travelers

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Traditions and Encounters Volume II with Powerweb; MP

Traditions and Encounters Volume II with Powerweb; MP

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Summary

Table of Contents

Preface

A Brief Note on Usage

Acknowledgements

PART V: THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500-1800

Chapter 23:TRANSOCEANIC ENCOUNTERS AND GLOBAL CONNECTIONS

The European Reconnaissance of the Worlds Oceans

Motives for Exploration/The Technology of Exploration/Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic/Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific

Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia

Trading-Post Empires/European Conquests in Southeast Asia/Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years War

Global Exchanges

The Columbian Exchange/The Origins of Global Trade

Chapter 24: THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPE

The Fragmentation of Western Christendom

The Protestant Reformation/The Catholic Reformation/Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars

The Consolidation of Sovereign States

The Attempted Revival of Empire/The New Monarchs/Constitutional States and Absolute Monarchies/The European States System

Early Capitalist Society

Population Growth and Urbanization/Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization/Social Change in Early Modern Europe

Science and Enlightenment

The Reconception of the Universe/The Scientific Revolution/The Enlightenment

Chapter 25: NEW WORLDS: THE AMERICAS AND OCEANIA

Colliding Worlds

The Spanish Caribbean/The Conquest of Mexico and Peru/Iberian Empires in the Americas/Settler Colonies in North America

Colonial Society in the Americas

The Formation of Multicultural Societies/Mining and Agricultural in the Spanish Empire/Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil/Fur Traders and Settlers in North America/Christianity and Native Religions in the Americas

Europeans in the Pacific

Australia and the Larger World/The Pacific Islands and the Larger World

Chapter 26: AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD

African Politics and Society in Early Modern Times

The States of West Africa and East Africa/The Kingdoms of Central Africa and South Africa/Islam and Christianity in Early Modern Africa/Social Change in Early Modern Africa

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Foundations of the Slave Trade/Human Cargoes/The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa

The African Diaspora

Plantation Societies/The Making of African-American Cultural Traditions/The End of the Slave Trade and the Abolition of Slavery

Chapter 27: TRADITION AND CHANGE IN EAST ASIA

The Quest for Political Stability

The Ming Dynasty/The Qing Dynasty/The Son of Heaven and the Scholar Bureaucrats

Economic and Social Changes

The Patriarchal Family /Population Growth and Economic Development/Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and Mean People

The Confucian Tradition and New Cultural Influences

Neo-Confucianism and Pulp Fiction/The Return of Christianity in China

The Unification of Japan

The Tokugawa Shogunate/Economic and Social Change/Neo-Confucianism and Floating Worlds/Christianity and Dutch Learning

Chapter 28: THE ISLAMIC EMPIRES

Formation of the Islamic Empires

The Ottoman Empire /The Safavid Empire/The Mughal Empire

Imperial Islamic Society

The Dynastic State/Agriculture and Trade/Religious Affairs in the Islamic Empires/Cultural Patronage of the Islamic Emperors

The Empires in Transition

The Deterioration of Imperial Leadership/Economic and Military Decline/Cultural Insularity

Chapter 29: THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN EUROPE AND ASIA

Foundations of the Absolutist State

The Gathering of the Russian Land/The Time of Troubles/Westernization and Empires/A Window on the West/The Limits of Westernization/The Russian Empire in Europe/The Russian Empire in Asia

A Society in Tension

Muscovite Society before Westernization/The Growth of Trade and Industry

Cultural Clashes

Crisis in the Church/Westernization and the Enlightenment in Russia

Part VI: AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY AND EMPIRE, 1750-1914

Chapter 30: REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATES IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD

Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval

Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas/The American Revolution/The French Revolution/The Reign of Napoleon

The Influence of Revolution

The Haitian Revolution/Wars of Independence in Latin America/The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and Liberalism/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Slavery/Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Womens Rights

The Consolidation of National States in Europe

Nations and Nationalism/The Emergence of National Communities/The Unification of Italy and Germany

Chapter 31: THE MAKING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Patterns of Industrialization

Foundations of Industrialization/The Factory System/The Early Spread of Industrialization/Industrial Capitalism

Industrial Society

The Fruits of Industry/Urbanization and Migration/Industry and Society/The Socialist Challenge

Global Effects of Industrialization

The Continuing Spread of Industrialization/The International Division of Labor

Chapter 32: THE AMERICAS IN THE AGE OF INDEPENDENCE